Circular economy, industrial ecology and short supply chain

Preface vii Introduction ix Chapter 1. Building Region-based Sustainable Development: Vocabulary and Tools 1 1.1. Circular economy 2 1.1.1. The circular economy according to the MacArthur Foundation 2 1.1.2. Experiments in circular economy 5 1.1.3. Factual and scientific origins of circular economy 14 1.2. Industrial ecology 21 1.2.1. Industrial ecology and sustainable development 21 1.2.2. Industrial metabolism and symbiosis 25 1.2.3. Experiments in industrial ecology 28 1.3. Short supply chains 38 1.3.1. Origins of short food supply chains: criticism of industrial “long” supply chains 39 1.3.2. Forms and functioning of short food supply chains 44 1.3.3. Short supply chains: generators of social innovation 49 1.4. Industrial ecology, short supply chains and sustainable regional development 51 1.4.1. Links among these different concepts: the creation of sustainable territories 51 1.4.2. Proximity and innovative “milieu”: key ingredients for sustainable regional development 55 1.4.3. An assessment of the regional impacts of industrial ecology and short supply chains 59 Chapter 2. Difficulties, Barriers and Stakes in Transitioning Towards Sustainable Regions 65 2.1. Barriers to the implementation of industrial ecology and short supply chains 66 2.1.1. The case of industrial ecology 66 2.1.2. The case of short food supply chains 72 2.2. How to overcome or reduce these obstacles: the role of service activities 84 2.2.1. Definition of service activities 84 2.2.2. What role do service activities have in the implementation of industrial ecology and short food supply chains? 86 2.3. Challenges for public policy 92 2.3.1. The issue of governance 92 2.3.2. The issue of coordination . 96 2.3.3. What is the relevant territorial scale? 99 Conclusion 103 Bibliography 107 Index 121