...intent to cause the overthrow or destruction of any such government, prints, publishes, ... or teaches the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of...government in the United States by force or violence, or attempts to do so; or Whoever organizes . . . any . . . group, or assembly of persons who teach, advocate,...

...statute that made it unlawful to publish "any written or printed matter advocating, advising, or teaching the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of...destroying any government in the United States by force or violence."64 The World War I laws were used to convict more than one thousand individuals out of nearly...

...organizations responsibly identified as subversive or as advocating, abetting, teaching or advising the desirability or propriety of overthrowing or destroying...government in the United States by force or violence. As with the UW ban on indicted or convicted felons, these transgressions also carried '"moral implications.'"...

...National Board members of the Communist Party for violation of the Smith Act, which made it a crime to "knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise,...necessity, desirability, or propriety of overthrowing any government in the United States by force or violence" or to "print, publish, edit, issue, circulate,...

...sells, distributes, or publicly displays any written or printed matter advocating, advising, or teaching the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of...government in the United States by force or violence, or attempts to do so; or Whoever organizes or helps or attempts to organize any society, group, or assembly...

...organizations. The Act made it a crime for any person to knowingly 'advocate. abet. or advise. or to teach the duty. necessity. desirability or propriety...violence. or by the assassination of any officer of such government...'. lnterpretation by the Supreme Court eventually restricted the scope of the Smith...

...author — which was modeled on the New York Criminal Anarchy Act of 1902, and which made it a crime "to knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise...government in the United States by force or violence, or by assassination of any officer of such government." The new act was aimed not only at both speech and...

...Amendment came under challenge once again with the passage of the Smith Act of 1940, which made it a crime to "knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise,...government in the United States by force or violence," or to "organize... any... assembly of persons who teach, advocate, or encourage the overthrow or destruction...

...sells, distributes, or publicly displays any written or printed matter advocating, advising, or teaching the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of...government in the United States by force or violence, or attempts to do so; or Whoever organizes or helps or attempts to organize any society, group, or assembly...

...progressive and left wing groups and unions in the United States. Under the Smith Act, it became a crime to "knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise,...government in the United States by force or violence" or "organiz[ing] . . . any . . . assembly of persons who teach, advocate, or encourage the overthrow or...