Socialist; Sozial-Demokrat; So-
zialist, Der; Standard, The;
Tageblatt, Philadelphia; Vor-
bote; Woodhull and Claflin's
Weekly.

Labour Party, early attempts to
form, I, 17, 18.

Labor Party of Illinois: Lassallean
ideas, II, 227; International, II,
233; organisation, II, 228; po-
litical action, II, 229, 230;
trade unionism, II, 228; Union
Congress, II, 270.

See also Vorbote.

Labor Party of Newark, joins Social
Democrat Party of N. A., II,
230.

Labor Standard, control, II, 275;
Newark convention, II, 278; 80-
cialist organ, II, 271; trade
unionism, II, 274.

Laissez-faire, argument of journey.
men, I, 150.

Lake Seamen's

Union, Cleveland
convention, II, 326; established,
II, 313; Terre Haute Confer-
ence, II, 318.

See also, Powers, Richard.
Land Policy, Bovay's, I, 549; class

struggle, I, 4; free land, I, 4,
526; II, 360; government, I,
562; Hine, II, 128; homestead
law, 1862, I, 562; immigration,
I, 489; Industrial Congresses, I,
550, 551, 557, 558, 561; II, 100,
101; Kriege, I, 534, 535; manu-
facturers, I, 562; rents, limita-
tion of, I, 558; single-tax reso-
lution, II, 327; slave holders, I,
563; Trades' Union, I, 428, 433;
western ideas, I, 563.
See also, Agrarianism.
Lassalle, Ferdinand, II, 205–207.
Lassalleanism, Campbell's money re-

form, II, 121; Chicago, II, 272,
273; depression, II, 227, 228;
German, II, 207; German
Workingmen's Union, General,
II, 207; Marxism, II, 270,
271; political action, II, 206,
271; trade unionism, II, 271-
274.

See also, Klinge, Karl; Labor
Party of Illinois; Lyser, Gus-
tav; McGuire, P. J.; Schlägel,
E.; Social Democratic Party of
North America; Strasser,
Adolph.

Layton, R. D., and Knights of La-
bor, II, 321n.

Leader, The, George-Hewitt cam-
paign, II, 451; socialism, II,
451, 459.

League of Deliverance, boycott of
Chinese goods, II, 267.
Leffingwell, Samuel L., Cleveland
convention, 1882, II, 321; Pitts-
burgh convention, 1881, II, 322;
Terre Haute convention, II, 319.
Legal tender acts, see Financial sys-
tem.

Lehr and Wehr Verein, militarism,
II, 280, 387.

Liebknecht, Wilhelm, German corre-
spondent of Arbeiter Zeitung,
II, 221.

Litchman, Charles H., II, 79, 250,
408n, 468.

Lloyd, Henry D., I, 19; warns
against monopoly, II, 360.
Lockouts, Boston printers, II, 17;
Boston ship-carpenters, II, 312;
brewery workers, II, 488;
Champion Reaper Company, II,
415; Chicago brick layers, II,
423-425; Chicago packing in-
dustry, II, 385n, 418, 419; in
1886, II, 417n; Jamestown, II,
414; knit goods, II, 418; Mc-
Cormick Reaper Company, II,
392; Moberly, Missouri, II, 368,
369; Philadelphia cordwainers,
I, 122; policy, II, 195; Troy, II,

418.

Locomotive Engineers, Brotherhood
of, Arthur, P. M., II, 67, 68;
benefit system, II, 68; Brother-
hood of the Footboard, II, 62;
growth, II, 47; incorporation,
II, 66; organised, II, 62; piece
work, II, 62; railway consolida-
tion, II, 61, 62; strike on Mich-
igan Southern, II, 64, 65; Wil-
son, II, 63, 67.

Lottery System, demand for aboli-
tion, İ, 223.

Lowell, factory system, I, 429; poli-
tics, I, 316.

Lowell Female Labor Reform Asso-

ciation, hours of labour, I, 539.
Lucker, Labor Congress, 1868, II,
126; on conspiracy, II, 133.
Luther, Seth, I, 312, 319, 325, 380,
422n.

Lynn, shoemakers of, I, 102, 105;
women organise, I, 355.

McDonald, Mary, II, 127, 129.
McDonnell, J. P., II, 222, 226, 271,
274, 280, 288, 302, 304, 306, 308.
McGlynn, Father, II, 453-461.
McGuire, P. J., II, 231n, 232, 235,

270, 271, 275, 279, 286, 302,
308n, 314n, 319, 325, 403, 404,
412, 418, 428, 442, 510n.
McLaughlin, William J., II, 138,
140, 142.

McMakin, John, II, 446, 454, 455,
457.

McNamara, dynamite case, II, 528.
McNeill, George E., I, 19; II, 92n,
138-142, 163, 165, 184.
Machinery, introduction, II, 44, 75,
358; in shoe industry, II, 76,
77.

See also, Bargaining Power; Com-
petition.
Machinists and Blacksmiths, Na-
tional Union of, apprenticeship,
II, 84; co-operation, II, 112;
depression, II, 9, 10; eight-hour
movement, II, 57, 58, 89, 95;
federation, II, 157; grievances,
II, 8; growth, II, 9, 20, 45, 47,
176; intellectual ascendency, II,
56; Knights of Labor, II, 200;
Labor Congress, 1866, II, 13;
national trades' assembly, II,
39; New York picketing bill, II,
23n; organised, II, 6, 9; Pitts-
burgh convention, 1861, II, 13;
revival, 1870, II, 58; strike
against Baldwin Locomotive
Works, II, 9.

Macune, Dr. C. W., II, 489, 491.
Maine, Charitable Mechanics Asso-

ciation, I, 79; Greenbackism, II,
245; monopoly grants, I, 40;
subsidised steel industry, I, 37;
ten-hour law, I, 54; unions,
1863-1864, II, 19.
Market, theories of Schmoller and

Bücher, I, 26, 27; versus pro-
duction theories, I, 26-29.
Markets, Extension of, Development:
causes, I, 6; canals, I, 438, 439;

Civil War, II, 22; colonial
period, I, 5, 6, 28; domestic
market propaganda, I, 73, 89,
91, 92; historical view, I, 6;
itinerant to custom-order stage,
I, 36, 37; railroads, I, 8, 153,
154, 439; II, 3-5, 61, 148, 358;
retail shop to wholesale-order
period, I, 61-63.
Influence: agriculture, I, 32, 33;
apprenticeship, II, 81; Califor-
nia industries, II, 148; class
antagonism, I, 26-28, 106; com-
petition, commodity, I, 440;
competition, labour, I, 440, 441;
II, 43, 44; contracts, I, 29; co-
operation, I, 95-100; export
trade, I, 149; locomotive engi-
neers, II, 61; merchant capital-
ist, I, 101-104, 338; moulders'
trade, II, 6; national trade
union, I, 441; production, I, 71;
typographical union, II, 58;
wholesale jobber, II, 359.
Marx, Karl, I, 20, 26-29, 44; II,
204, 205, 207, 214, 215.
Maryland, trade regulations, I, 4;
unions, 1863, 1864, II, 19.
Massachusetts, bread assize, I, 52,
55; bounties granted, I, 37, 38,
39, 43; child labour investiga-
tion, I, 331; Chinese labour, II,
149; Greenbackism, II, 246; lot-
tery conducted, I, 93; Mechan-
ics' Association, I, 73; monopo-
lies granted, I, 40; politics, I,
315-318; II, 92, 102, 138-144;
price regulation, I, 50-52; qual-
ity regulation, I, 47; ten-hour
movement, I, 546; unemploy-
ment, 1837, I, 457; unions, 1863,
1864, I, 19, 20; women cigar
makers, I, 343.

See also, Boston.
Masquerier, Lewis, I, 523, 531, 532,
547.

Master Mechanics' Benevolent Soci-
ety, benefits, I, 85.
Mazzini, Joseph, harmony of capital
and labour, II, 205.
Mechanics of Boston, Associated, I,
74.

Mechanics and Manufacturers, Asso-
ciation of, Providence, promote
inventions, I, 76, 77.
Mechanics and Tradesmen, General

Society of, I, 72; activities, I,
81; credit facilities, I, 89; in-

corporated, I, 84; letter to As-
sociated Mechanics of Boston,
I, 74.

Mechanics and Tradesmen of the
County of Kings, incorporation,
I, 86, 87.

Mechanics of Massachusetts, Asso-
ciation of, I, 73, 77.
Mechanics' Free Press, circulation,

I, 205; election results, I, 204,
213, 215; influence, I, 207, 210;
mechanics' lien law, I, 220, 280;
political action, I, 239; Work-
ingmen's Measures, I, 217, 218.
Mechanics' liens, I, 12; II, 324; agi-

tation, I, 220, 221, 279, 296, 297,
318; Knights of Labor, II, 336;
labour parties, I, 329.
Mechanics' Union of Trade Associa-

tions, I, 15; decline, I, 191, 192;
politics, I, 191; purposes, I, 190.
Merchants' Associations, and em-

ployers' associations, I, 132, 133.
Merchant-capitalist, apprenticeship,

I, 339-341; ascendency, I, 104,
154; coming, I, 101, 102; con-
vict labour, I, 344-347; cord-
wainers, I. 441; labour-cost the-
ory of exchange, I, 510; master
and journeymen unite against,
I, 379; production, I, 338, 339;
retailer, I, 17; ship-building in-
dustry, I. 309, 310; shoe in-
dustry, II, 78; sweating intro-
duced, I, 102, 103; Weitling, I,

543.

Metal Workers' Federation Union of
America, model syndicalist

union, II, 297, 298.

Metal Workers Union, Armed Sec-

tion of, II, 388.

Meyer, Siegfried, II, 207, 209.
Micalonda, J., and Black Interna-
tional, II, 296.

Militarism, socialist, II, 280, 281,
284.

Militia system, abolition demanded,

I, 281, 282, 296, 298, 318; bur-
den, I, 180; in Pennsylvania,
1822, 1, 221, 222.

Miller, Joseph D., I, 434, 470.
Milwaukee, Knights of St. Crispin
organised. II, 77; socialism, II,
273, 274, 277, 533.
Milwaukee, Sozialist, II, 233.
Mine Workers of America, United,
organisation, II, 487, 500.
Miners and Mine Laborers of United

States, National Federation of,
interstate agreement, II, 426;
organised, II, 425.

Miners' Benevolent and Protective
Association, II, 211.

Miners' National Association, and
Knights of Labor, II, 200.
Ming, Alexander, Sr., I, 240, 245.
Minimum Wage, demanded, I, 104,

117, 118; first strike for, I,

25.
Missouri, Greenbackism, II, 248;
unions, 1863, 1864, II, 19.
Mitchell, John, and education, I,
226.

Molders' International Union, Iron,
apprenticeship, II, 50, 84; bene-
fits, II, 175n; co-operation, II,
53-56; employers' associations,
II, 49; epitomizes labour move-
ment, II, 48; growth, II, 45,
46; Knights of Labor, II, 352n;
Labor Congress, 1866, II, 96;
lethargy of 1861, 1862, II, 14;
locals, II, 120; New York pick-
eting bill, II, 23n; organised,
II, 5, 7, 313; strikes, II, 51, 52,
56; war activities, II, 49; weak-
ness, II, 7.

Molly Maguires, Ancient Order of
Hibernians, II, 181, 187; "long
strike," II, 184, 185; McParlan,
James, II, 184; organised, II,
196; politics, II, 183; secrecy,
II, 201; trial, II, 185; violence,
II, 181, 183, 184n.

Monopoly, abolition demanded, I,
218, 219, 296, 298, 318, 458,
459; corporations, I, 458, 459;
grants, I, 40, 43, 44.

Moore, Ely, I, 20, 360, 367, 369-
371, 394, 425, 461, 463.

Morgan, Thomas J., II, 279, 282,
283, 289, 387, 509.

Most, Johann, 293n, 294.

Muhlenberg, Henry A., I, 459, 460,
461.

Mule Spinners' Association, Na-
tional, at Cleveland convention,
1882, II, 326.

Murch, Thompson, II, 245, 249, 327,
329.

Musicians' Union, I, 8; similarity to
guilds, I, 55.

Mutual loans, by early protective
organisations, I, 81, 82.
Myers, Isaac I., Negro labour move-
ment, II, 137, 144, 145.

N

Napoleonic wars, depression follow
ing, I, 134-138.
National economy, I, 26, 27.
National Labor Congress, of 1874,
II, 196.

National Laborer, cited, I, 99; on

co-operation, I, 468.

National Labor Union, after 1870,

II, 153; Die Arbeiter Union af-
filiates, II, 223; Chinese ques-
tion, II, 149, 150; conventions,
II, 142, 153-155, 227; disinte-
gration, II, 155, 157; eight-
hour day, II, 87, 94, 142; green-
backism, II, 123, 224; immigra-
tion, II, 116-118; in 1867, II,
112; International Working-
men's Association, II, 86, 87,
131, 132, 206, 208, 209; labour
congresses, II, 96-102, 115–118,
125-130, 133, 134, 144-147;
Negro, II, 137; New England
Labour Reform League, II, 139;
organised, II, 86; political ac-
tion, II, 141, 145, 146; trade
unionism, II, 152; Sylvis, II,
130, 131; Trevellick, II, 137,
138.
National Party, demands, II, 245;

Greenback platform, II, 241;
organised, II, 244, 245.
National Reform Association, need
for organisation, I, 547.
See also, Industrial Congress.
National Socialist, policy, II, 280;

publication suspended, II, 281.
National Union Labor Party, order
of the Videttes, II, 469, 470;
organised, II, 465; political re-
sults, II, 466-470.
Neebe, Oscar, pardoned, II, 393.
Negro, anti-slavery agitation, I, 4,

12; labour problem, II, 114, 116,
118, 135, 619; organisation, II,
135, 136, 137, 145, 312; Repub-
lican party, II, 136, 145, 146.
Newark, Workingmen's Party Con-
vention, II, 277, 278.

New Democracy, platform, II, 210;
failure and reorganisation, II,
210, 211.

New England, banks, I, 348; child
labour, I, 320, 321; education,
I, 300, 321-324; greenbackism,
II, 245; ship-building, I, 309,
310; ten-hour movement, I, 325;

women in factories, I, 422;
workingmen's movement, I, 290–
203, 298, 299.

See also, Boston; Connecticut;
Massachusetts; New Hamp-
shire; Rhode Island; Vermont.
New England Association of Farm-
ers, Mechanics, and Other
Workingmen, aims, I, 306, 307,
318, 319; banking system, I,
319, 320; child labour, I, 320,
321; class lines, I, 304; conven-
tions, I, 308, 309, 312-315; edu-
cation, I, 183, 184, 321-324;
factory conditions, I, 305, 306,
320, 321, 331; organised, I, 302,
306, 314, 315; political action,
I, 309, 315; Thompsonville case,
I, 313; trades' unions, I, 314.
New England Boot and Shoe Last-
ers, established, II, 313.

New

England Labour Reform
League, convention, 1869, II,
138; eight-hour day, II, 139;
Proudhonism and the Intellec-
tuals, II, 139.

New England Society for the Pro-
motion of Manufactures and
Mechanic Arts, sales, I, 98.
New England Working Men's Asso-
ciation, 1844-1849, association-
ists control, I, 538; conventions,
I, 537-540; co-operation, I, 539;
political action, I, 539; ten-hour
day, I, 537-540.

New Hampshire, Greenbackism, II,
244; ten-hour law, I, 541; trade
restrictions, I, 39; unions, 1863,
1864, II, 19.

New Haven, labour party, II, 277;
trade restrictions, I, 39.
New Jersey, bounties, I, 39, 92; edu-
cation, 1835, I, 182; eight-hour
law, II, 107; lotteries, I, 93;
political action, I, 286; unions,
1863, 1864, II, 19.

New York, apprenticeship, I, 77,

78; bread assize, I, 52-54; Cen-
tral Labor Union, II, 441; city
assembly, I, 456; city industrial
congresses, I, 552, 553; commis-
sion stores, I, 94; conspiracy
cases, I, 164, 409, 410; coopers,
I, 56; corporations, I, 458; edu-
cation, I, 328; eight-hour day,
II, 108; employers' associations,
I, 402, 404; General Society of
Mechanics and Tradesmen, I, 72,

81; greenbackism, II, 240, 242,
246, 248; housing conditions, I,
490, 491; labour party, II, 277;
mechanics' liens, 1, 329; militia
law, I, 330; politics in 1835, I,
461-465; printers, I, 50, 109,
112, 113, 133, 134, 580, 581;
prison reform, I, 346; unem-
ployment, I, 135, 457; rag
money, I, 349; rents, I, 349;
riots, I, 415, 416, 417; social-
ism, II, 282; social party, II,
207-209; state Workingmen's
Assembly, II, 211; strikes, I, 53,
54, 55, 110, 111, 157, 365, 382,
383, 395-397, 478-484, 576; II,
151, 178, 367n; ten hour bill, I,
542, 543; Trades and Labour
Council, II, 226; Trades' Union
Convention, I, 425, 430; union-
ism, I, 109, 337, 358, 363, 364,
366; II, 19, 20; United Labor
Party, II, 455; women organise,
I, 356.

See also, Cordwainers; New York
Journeymen; Typographical So-
ciety; Working Men's Party.
New York Amalgamated Trades and
Labor Union, enforced boycotts,
II, 311.

New Yorker Volkszeitung, green-
backism, II, 286, 287, 288;

Henry George, II, 451; social-
ism, II, 300, 449.

Nye Tid, Chicago socialist paper, II,
282; agitates against Green-
back compromise, II, 287.

P

Panics, see Industrial Cycles.
Parsons, Albert R., anarchist, II,
250n, 273, 279, 282, 283, 284n,
289, 291, 296, 302, 389, 390, 392–
394.

Parsons, Lucy E., and tramps, II,
389.

Paterson, cotton operatives' strike,
I, 418.

Patrons of Husbandry, II, 196.
Pennsylvania, banking reform, I,

330; bounties granted, I, 37, 38,
39, 42; cabinet makers, I, 99,
336, 337, 467; child labour, I,
331; education, I, 223–229, 328;
eight-hour law, II, 108; factory
workers, II, 375, 419, 420;
Franklin Institute, I, 78; green-
backism, II, 242, 244, 245, 247;
militia law, I, 221, 222; Molly
Maguires, II, 181-185; politics,
I, 195, 459-461; price regula-
tion, I, 50; ten-hour legislation,
I, 543; unions, II, 19, 20.
See also, Philadelphia; Working
Men's Party.

Pennsylvania Society to Encourage
Manufactures, I, 74; extends
credit, I, 91, 92; opens ware-
house, I, 94.

Peoples' Party, organised, II, 494;
platform, II, 509; trade unions,
II, 512.

People's Party of Erie, Pennsylva-
nia, organised, I, 207.

People's Party of Wisconsin, plat-
form, II, 462.

Personal Rights, against property
rights, I, 12.

Phelps, Alfred W., II, 113, 115, 118,
126.

Philadelphia, banks, I, 219n; cabinet

makers, I, 336, 337; carpenters,
I, 68, 78, 80-82, 84, 97, 118, 127,
128; commission stores, I, 94;
conventions, I, 214, 333, 434, 470,
471; II, 11, 209, 270; co-opera-
tion, I, 96, 97, 467-469; educa-
tion, I, 226, 227, 469; employ-
ers' associations, I, 402, 403;
greenbackism, II, 247; lotteries,
I, 93; marketing agency, I, 100;
population, I, 176n, 490; riots,
I, 407; strikes, I, 25, 69, 186-
189, 383, 389-392, 397-399, 399-
401, 417, 478-484, 576; trade