The CHAIRMAN. Has it been a question of increase in population that has brought about the shortage? Mr. TAYLOR. Up to a certain point; yes. The CHAIRMAN. What is the other contributing factor? Mr. TAYLOR. The farmers, two or three years back, both in Canada and in the United States, were not satisfied with the returns they were getting, and in a great many cases they sold or killed off their COWS. It is the same old question, the law of supply and demand. They had not given it a thought, or did not give it the consideration they should have given it, and with a reduced supply the demand has kept up. Now the supply does not meet the demand. The CHAIRMAN. What has this legislation to do with that particular situation? Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Parker simply asked me to state that my business had been unable to secure the supplies from Canada during the shortage we passed through in the last few months; that we were unable to secure the supplies from the Western States during the last few months. That is all I have to present to you, gentlemen. The CHAIRMAN. Does any member of the committee desire to ask the witness any question? [After a pause.] If not, that is all. Mr. PARKER. Mr. Chairman, I have some telegrams which show the efforts made to get cream from the West in recent weeks, because it had been said that the West would be glad to take care of our needs. The CHAIRMAN. They may go in the record. Mr. PARKER. I now furnish them for the record. (The telegrams and one letter are here made a part of the record, as follows:) [Telegram] RICHMOND, QUEBEC. T. P. GRANT, Boston, Mass.: Telegram received yesterday a. m. Sent men out in field to report purchases at increased price. Think can supply at 57 cents commencing the 6th. About 90 jugs per week. Writing. T. P. GRANT Co., Boston, Mass.: [Telegram] RICHMOND JERSEYS (INC.). CHICAGO, ILL. Offer one car shipment Wednesday at $27 per can, delivered Boston, subject prior sale. GENTLEMEN: Replying to your wire of even date, we are not in position to quote on carloads of cream at the present time. Low production, together with the unusual demand from this territory, has kept us about cleaned up. Thanking you, we are, Yours very truly, RIPON PRODUCE Co., Per F. HERMANN. Mr. PARKER. Here are some graphs from the Central Vermont Railway Co. showing the traffic wave over the border. And I want to explain that in the matter of the market for Boston and vicinity in August we require 50 per cent more production of milk to meet our demands than we do in January and February. That is the time, as I suggested to Senator Keyes the other day, when summer visitors are flooding New England, and this is simply a cushion to help those New England farmers to do business. And I do want to say, too, that I have just a slip here showing what our foreign commerce-our commerce with Canada--amounts to, and all the things in which agriculture is directly interested that we ship to Canada is about $200,000,000 a year, and this little milk and cream proposition amounts to only about $5,000,000 or $6,000,or $7,000,000, at the outside. This means that we are seeking no injustice when we do want to do this trade with Canada, if they have $7,000,000 and our farmers have $200,000,000 in agricultural products, either raw or manufactured-that is, coming from animals and the soil. (The statements and graphs furnished by Mr. Parker are here made part of the record, as follows:) Agricultural products exported by the United States to Canada Agricultural and vegetable products excepting chemicals, fibers, and wood (see detail list A)__ $98, 530, 605 Animal and animal products excepting chemicals, fibers, and wood (see detail list B)__. 32, 996, 830 Fibers, textiles, and textile products (see detail list C) 79, 115, 464 Nonferrous metals and their products (see detail list F). 34, 715, 231 158, 029, 982 38, 911, 300 Nonmetalic minerals and their products except chemicals (see Chemicals and allied products (see detail list H). Total $110, 686, 261 18, 754, 942 38, 084, 735 609, 825, 350 Mr. PARKER. I now wish to yield to Mr. Piper, of Boston. sent. STATEMENT OF BENJAMIN B. PIPER, REPRESENTING H. B. WOOD & SON, BOSTON, MASS. The CHAIRMAN. What is your address? Mr. PIPER. No. 53 State Street, Boston, Mass. The CHAIRMAN. What line of business are your clients engaged in? Mr. PIPER. In the manufacture and sale of ice cream, milk, and dairy products. The CHAIRMAN. You may make your statement. Mr. PIPER. I have an amendment to propose that relates to clause 2 of section 2. The CHAIRMAN. What page? Mr. PIPER. Page 2 of the bill. The CHAIRMAN. What line? The CHAIRMAN. Very well. Have you got it prepared for the record? Mr. PIPER. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. Go ahead with it. Mr. PIPER. That there be added to the end of the clause after the word "tuberculosis ": The provisions of this clause shall not apply to milk or cream imported by the producer thereof for delivery to a buyer in the United States; Provided, That such milk and cream is subsequently Pasteurized prior to resale by such buyer. The CHAIRMAN. Is that similar to the one offered by Mr. Parker? Mr. PIPER. It is similar to the one offered by Mr. Parker. Senator KEYES. Do you think it is better? Mr. PIPER. I think so, and I am supported in that contention by the health authorities of the city of Boston. And on that subject I have a letter I should like to present. The CHAIRMAN. Did you propose this to the House committee or to the Senate committee when either was considering this bill? Mr. PIPER. No; I did not. The CHAIRMAN. Did you appear before those committees at the time they were holding their hearings? Mr. PIPER. No, sir. The CHAIRMAN. You may now make your statement. Mr. PIPER. We feel that as a health measure that the requirement of Pasteurization at so great a distance from point of consumption is a step backward. The health authorities are universally, agreed that Pasteurization should take place as near to point of consumption as possible. We conceive that the purpose of this bill is to provide that milk or cream coming from Canada shall either be from tuberculin tested cattle or shall be Pasteurized prior to reaching the consumer. The idea is to protect the health of the consumer, and that the consumer shall receive a better product, and we contend that his health will be protected much better if it is Pasteurized near the point of consumption. The health regulations of Greater Boston forbid re-Pasteurization, and in some instances require Pasteurization in the same location, where they can be subject to the inspection of the health department. I have a letter from Dr. Francis X. Mahoney, who is health commissioner of the city of Boston, in which he favors this amendment, and I should like to put it in the record. The CHAIRMAN. Very well, that may be done. Mr. PIPER. I now hand the letter to the shorthand reporter. The letter here referred to is made a part of the record, as follows:) COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY, BOSTON, December 20, 1926. United States Senate, Washington, D. C. GENTLEMEN: The provisions of Senate bill 4126, to regulate the importation of milk and cream, appear to require the Pasteurization to take place in Canada in the case of milk not produced from T. B. tested cows. I feel that it is desirable from a health standpoint that Pasteurization should take place as near point of consumption as possible. To permit this, would suggest the following amendment to clause 2 of section 2: “The provisions of this clause shall not apply to milk or cream imported by the producer thereof for delivery to a buyer in the United States, provided such milk or cream is subsequently Pasteurized prior to resale by such buyer." Yours very truly, F. X. MAHONEY, M. D., Health Commissioner. Mr. PIPER. There is also a letter written by Doctor Gilbert, who is commissioner of agriculture of Massachusetts, which has been delivered to the chairman, in which he indicates that he is in favor of that amendment. The CHAIRMAN. Of the amendment you offered? Mr. PIPER. Yes, sir. I think the original letter either has been or will be delivered to you. I should like to read one clause of the carbon copy of the letter which he furnished me, in which letter he suggests after a general discusion, that he is in favor of the bill and then proposes: I should like to suggest one amendment, namely, that certain milk which is raised in Canada, near the American border, and can be easily inspected, and is either teamed or trucked over the border, be exempt from the conditions of this bill. And he follows with this: This milk is now teamed or trucked into sanitary plants in northern Vermont, and its exemption from this bill is fair and proper without compromising the principles set forth in the bill. This territory mentioned above is now adequately inspected. But I should like to put that copy in the record, unless you have the original. The CHAIRMAN. There has just been handed to me a letter from the commissioner of agriculture of the Commonwealth of Massa |