among colored, or Matanzas few among colored and many among whites?

The married classified by race and sex and age. In the following table the proportion of married in the adult population of each sex and race is stated.

In preceding paragraphs it has appeared that the proportion of married women in Cuba was slightly greater than the proportion of married men (p. 120), and that this difference was confined to the whites (p. 126); that the difference between the sexes for the total population was less than 1 per cent, but for the whites alone was nearly 2 per cent. The last table shows that for white adults the difference between the two sexes was nearly 5 per cent.

In the following table the facts are given in the same way, by sex and race for the several provinces.

Per cent of adult population (15+) of sex and race specified who were married.

From the preceding table it appears that among white adults the proportion of married females was greater in each province than the proportion of married males. Among colored adults in five of the seven provinces the reverse was true. The difference is due to the excess of males among white adults and of females among colored adults. In all monogamous countries, if either sex is decidedly in the minority, it is almost sure to have a larger proportion of married than the sex which outnumbers it. Among the white adults of Cuba 54.9 per cent were male, but among the colored adults only 47.5 per cent were male. Hence the chance of marriage in the one race is greater among females, and in the other greater among males. This excess of males among white adults appeared in every province of Cuba, and accordingly the higher proportion of married among females was equally general. The excess of females among colored adults appeared in five of the seven

divisions, and in each of these five the proportion of married was higher among colored males. colored males. Santa Clara had more colored men than women, and accordingly, in that province, the proportion of married was higher among colored women. In Puerto Principe, while the women were slightly in excess (51.7 per cent) among colored adults, the slight difference was probably offset by the earlier age at which women marry. In the following table the facts for all Cuba are given by sex and race and eight age periods.

Per cent of married in population group of sex, race, and age specified.

Marriage was about 3.1 times as general among white men as among colored men, but 3.7 times as general among white women as among colored women, the difference being due, as just explained, to the excess of white men and of colored women in Cuba. Taking these ratios as the standard, it appears from the preceding table that prior to the age of 30, and for males prior to the age of 45, the proportion of married among colored was uniformly higher than when all ages are included. This suggests that relatively to the white the generation of colored which has grown up since emancipation have entered upon legal marriage rather more commonly than their parents did. The difference may also be connected with the excess of males among the aged colored. At each of the age periods above 45 the colored males outnumbered the females. There were 12,897 colored persons born in Africa reported by this census (Table XI), the great majority in the higher age groups, and nearly three-fifths (59 per cent) were males. Then, too, there were 14,614 colored persons born in China, most of whom also belonged to the higher ages, and of these practically all (99.7 per cent) were males. That, notwithstanding this difference, a larger proportion of the colored men than of colored women at those ages were married must be due to the marriage by old men of younger women.

The married classified by place of birth.-The tables make it possible to analyze the conjugal condition of the population of Cuba with reference to one further element-nativity. This tabulation is confined to the white race alone. The question may be asked: Was marriage 24662- 9

more common among native whites or foreign-born whites? The following table appears to give an answer:

These figures seem to show that marriage was far more common among the foreign-born than among the native. But no such inference is warranted, because the immigrant population of Cuba is composed mainly of adults of marriageable age. Of the native white population over two-fifths (42.1 per cent) were under 15 years of age, while of the foreign-born whites only one twenty-fifth (4 per cent) were in those age periods. When the children of both classes are excluded the figures tell a different story, as follows:

With this correction introduced it appears that the proportion of married in the two classes was almost the same, but with the foreigners slightly larger. As the difference is so slight, it may be affected. by the sex composition of the two classes. Hence that further classification is introduced in the table below:

The table seems to show that foreign-born white men were married in slightly greater proportion than native white men, and foreign-born white women in far greater proportion than native white women; but although all persons under 15 have been excluded, yet the adult native whites must have had a far larger proportion than the foreign-born have in the ages 15-25, at which marriage is comparatively infrequent. Hence the question can not be decisively answered until the proportion of married for each age period is ascertained. This is done in the

following table, and to economize attention only the per cents are

given:

Per cent married of population in sex, class, and age specified.

With this table a final answer is reached to the question under examination. At every age period the native white men were married in greater proportions than the immigrant white men, but the immigrant white women were married in greater proportions than the native white women. This doubtless means that a large proportion of the women who have gone to Cuba from elsewhere have gone with their husbands.

PERSONS LIVING TOGETHER

CONSENT.

On the schedules in the present census there are many cases in which a man and woman of about the same age were reported as occupying the same house but as bearing different names and standing in no admitted relations to each other. In most cases the census family included one or more children bearing the woman's name. All such census families were tabulated as cases of persons cohabiting as husband and wife without formal legal sanction upon the union, and the children were tabulated as technically illegitimate. Any one familiar with Cuban life knows that in certain classes and regions such unions are frequent and often as permanent and secure as good care and nurture for the children as if the law had sanctioned the relation. It was impossible to detect from the schedules every such case, and in some few instances persons may have been assigned to this class by an error, but probably whatever mistakes occurred have usually been of omission. This is the first time that such a return has ever been tabulated, and therefore no comparisons can be made with past Cuban censuses or with censuses of other countries except Porto Rico. The returns for these two countries under this head were as

In each country about 1 person in 12 was living in such relations, but the proportion was slightly less in Cuba than in Porto Rico. A fairer comparison may be made with the married couples. For every two lawful unions there is one union by mutual consent.

The several provinces of Cuba have the following proportions of persons living together by mutual consent:

Reference to a preceding table shows that the provinces arranged as above in the order of increasing proportion of persons living together agree closely with the provinces arranged in the order of decreasing proportion of married (p. 119). The two are brought together in the following table:

In Santiago there were three times as many of these unions as in the adjoining province of Puerto Principe, but as an offset there were in Santiago less than two-thirds as many married persons as in the neighboring province.

The figures for the 14 cities separately reported are as follows: