Railroad, and disbursements made, from the 21st March, 1831: Amount appropriated by the act Do. under the act of the 30th of Actual available amount of the Whole available amount of the $108,324 36 - $600,000 00 Fig. 1. 51,710 44 758,289 56 Whole amount disbursed in 1831 1,238,431 14 including superintendence, Whole amount disbursed in engineering andcontingencies $210,704 23 1832, 764,887 49 Whole amount of disbursements, Balance on 31st October, 1832, of the appropriations of 1831 and 1832, 975,591 72 262,839 42 $51,015 67 to complete the superintendence upon 22 miles, and the grading of the whole road, 341,838 13 392,853 80 262,839 42 130,014 38 60,000 00 $190,014 38 The sum of $190,014 38 is required to complete the grading and bridging of the whole road, and to finish the railway superstructure upon 22 miles, from Philadelphia westwardly, with double tracks, including the cost of the engine, &c. at the inclined plane, and all other means useful for transportation. The estimated cost of laying a single track upon wooden R Fig. 2. [From the London Mechanics' Magazine.] ERICSSON'S STEAM ENGINE AND WATERMILL.-Perhaps the most interesting problem in mechanical science is, how to simplify the steam engine, so that its bulk and weight, which are at present somewhat enormous, may be reduced within more convenient limits without any corresponding loss of power. Owing to a variety of causes, all well ascertained by long practice, a reciprocating engine cannot be made to work to advantage at more than a moderate rate of speed; it becomes therefore necessary to expose the piston to a great force, (for that force multiplied by the speed constitutes the power,) and, as a necessary consequence, all the parts that have to communicate this great force, as well as the frame work that carries those various moving parts, must be made strong in proportion. Hence it follows as a general rule, that the bulk and weight of any engine of a given power, worked by steam or given force, must depend on the speed or the piston, that is, the speed of that surface which the steam is made to propel. This truth forms the basis of the construction of the very remarkable engine which we have now to bring under the notice of our readers. Fig. 4. brass guide, kept in its place by a set-screw .be found to be ten square inches within a N N are conical brasses for the main-shaft to By referring to the scale, it will be seen that &c. (It may be as well here to state, that si-will be 120 horses! scribed. inches diameter, is a result so extraordinary that the attention is naturally and anxiously Fig. 3 is an end view or cross section of the drawn towards any probabilities by which it engine, taken through the dotted line marked in may be defeated. The probability of the acfig. 2. The steam passes from the pipe Q into tion becoming affected by leakages first presses the circular chamber through an opening S, itself on our consideration. On this head it cut through its side; this opening is of a trian- may suffice to observe, that as none of the gular shape, and made as wide at the top as packings require any other play than to be the circular plane is there distant from the base moved gradually against their respective surof the cone, and gradually tapering off down-faces as they wear away, all that is required wards. T is the opening through which the to ensure tightness will be good workmanship. steam escapes, and in every respect similar i. The next contingency which suggests itself is construction. The dotted line U shows where the ordinary one, of liability to derangement. the cone and the circular plane come in conOn this score, however, there is but little to be tact. In the patent which Mr. Ericsson has taken e e are the metallic segments already de- feared, for the engine is of so few parts, and the mutual action and reaction of these parts is so out for this invention, he designates it as "an improved engine for communicating power for Fig. 4 is a detached view of the cone in the jured or obstructed, it can scarcely go wrong. simple and natural, that unless wantonly inmechanical purposes;"and this generality was, circular plane, representing a section through We apprehend that the only real danger to be perhaps, necessary, since, though it promises their centres. It will only be necessary to ob- guarded against is the heat which may be geto be of most importance in connection with serve, that d is a collar on the main shaft, by nerated by the rubbing parts, when the engine which the cone is fixed thereto; that c is a is put to its speed; between the bearings and steam, it may be worked by any other gaseous or fluid power, as air, water, &c. The specifi-socket-ball, working in the socket f of the cir- gudgeons in particular, as they will have to cation describes it more particularly as consist-cular plane; and that the dotted lines EE withstand a great force. Experience can on ing of a "circular chamber, in which a cone is show the precise shape of the leaves or wings this point be the only guide to a correct conclumade to revolve on a shaft or axis by means of fixed to the cone. sion; but we incline to think, that as no inconleaves or wings, alternately exposed to the pres- Having thus described the nature and convenience is found in cotton mills by giving sure of steam; these wings or leaves being struction of Mr. Ericsson's engine, we shall shafts of a large size, and communicating great made to work through slits or openings of a now proceed to explain the manner in which power, a velocity of 180 revolutions per minute, circular plane, which revolves obliquely to, and it is set to work. Steam being admitted into any deduction to be made on this account from is thereby kept in contact with, the side of the the pipe Q (see fig. 3) it passes through the the utility of the engine will be but trifling. As cone." But when the reader has read this de- opening S into the circular chamber, and being to the packing rings, the pressure on them will scription of the engine, we are afaid he will not there prevented from passing the line U, where be but slight; indeed, their centrifugal force be much the wiser for it; indeed, we never be the cone and plane come in contact, it presses will be nearly sufficient to give them always an fore met with an engine of which it was so dif- against the upper leaf, which, together with outword bias; the danger of their heating ficult to convey, in words, a clear and distinct the cone, then revolves in the direction of the must therefore be extremely small. notion, and which was at the same time so little dotted arrow. Now, as soon as the said leaf It may not be amiss to observe, that the princomplex in its construction. We shall, there- gets below the top of the opening T, the steam ciple of the engine is such that the steam may fore, be obliged to depend more than usual on that has been acting escapes through that open-be admitted from either side with equal effect. the assistance of our engraver, to make the fol- ing into the pipe R, and thence into the atmos- The motion can therefore be reversed, by merelowing description plain to our readers. phere or into a condenser. The opposite leaf ly reversing the inlets and outlets of the steam then operates in a similar manner, and so on by means of a common slide valve or fouras long as steam is admitted. way cock-a feature of this engine, which, to say nothing of its speed, must render it particularly applicable to all locomotive purposes. Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section of the engine, the circular chamber being supposed to be cut through the centre line. AA is a circu- Many as have been the engines contrived for lar chamber made in two parts, joined at a a, the production of rotary motion, we recollect and fixed to a frame B B; this frame also sup-none in which that result has been obtained by The branch of steam service, however, in ports the axis or main shaft C, to which is fixed such a perfect harmony of operation among which this engine is likely to be adopted with the cone D. EE are two wings or leaves fixed the different parts. Not only the general action greatest benefit, is the marine. In steam vesto the cone; and e is a metallic segment, fitted of this engine, but the action of every part of it sels, lightness, compactness, simplicity, are all "into a groove made in the curved edge of the is rotary. The consequence is that it is wholly properties of the utmost importance; and douleaf, and pressed towards the chamber by free from those serious drawbacks which make bly so, when they can be obtained, as in this insprings in order to prevent the escape of steam. the attainment of a very quick motion, by stance, without any sacrifice whatever of Fis a circular plane, revolving on a shaft or means of a reciprocating-engine, a matter of so power. pivot G, and supported by the main-shaft (as much practical difficulty. A vast increase of When water is employed to work this enshown in fig. 4.) The oblique position of this power is obtained, while the bulk and weight gine, the operation will be precisely the same circular plane, it will be seen, is so adjusted of the materials employed for the purpose are as in the case of steam; with this exception, that its surface shall be parallel to, and in con-reduced beyond all former example. We shall that the packing rings may be dispensed with. tact with, the side of the cone. H is a metallic endeavor to make this clearer by a few calcu-The exception, however, is of a nature which ring fitted into a groove round the cone, and di-lations. shows that, as a hydraulic engine it will work even better than as a steam engine; of this, however, more hereafter. At present, we trust we have said enough to satisfy our readers that the great space which we have devoted to this latest wonder of the mechanical world has been not unwerthily occupied, vided into segments, which are pressed towards The engine represented by the drawings the chamber by springs, to answer the purpose (made to 24 inch scale) presents to the action of packing. I is a metallic ring for the same of the steam 12 square inches within the leaf, purpose, fitted round the circular plane. K is and is in a vertical position; but that being the a cylindrical brass for the pivot G to work maximum of surface exposed, a mean must be against e, regulated by a key k. L is a conical taken, which by the assistance of fluxions will "un AGRICULTURE, &c. y observes, that Hot-beds, as things of real the various kinds of plants, which will be shown use, are more necessary in America than in in the different articles as we proceed. Agricultural Schools and Societies. By ORANGE England; because in the former country, the FORCING ASPARAGUS IN HOT-BEDS-AsparaCOUNTY. To the editor of the New-York winter will not suffer to exist in the open air many plants which are wanted to start with gus may be procured at an early season with Farmer and American Gardener's Magazine. the warm sun, and which plants the winter will comparatively little risk. A bed may be preI have read with intense interest the commu-suffer to exist in the open air in England. The pared in a deep hot-bed frame with well prenications in your last number by B. on the im-American spring bears no resemblance to that pared dung, or a mixture of dung and leaves; portant subject of agricultural schools. The of England, which comes on by degrees froni the depth of heating materials may be about v ews and positions taken by that writer can- the end of February to the beginning of June; two feet, and a foot of old hot-bed dung, tan, or not, in my estimation, fail to meet the approba- while the American spring cannot be said to be any light compost that will admit of the heat tion of every true American farmer who wishes of a fortnight's duration." It mnst appear evi- passing through it, should be laid on. Provide to advance the happiness and prosperity of his dent to those who have duly considered the sub- plants from two to four, or even six years old, country. The listnessness and apathy that have ject, that although a hot summer sun is benefi- trim their roots and place them in rows on the long hung about our agricultural population, it cial to the maturing of some kind of garden beds; when one row is laid, strew a little mould is happy to observe, are fast clearing away, and products, it is unpropitious to the cultivation of among the roots, then proceed in the same way they are rapidly awaking to a sense of the im- some of the most valuable sorts of culinary with one row after another, keeping them on a portant station they can and should hold in this vegetables. It should therefore be the object of level, as the surface of the bed at first lay, till free and enlightened country. It is but neces-those who may wish to become pre-eminent in you have finished planting them; then lay sary to rouse the feelings of our yeomanry on the art of gardening, to use artificial means in among the buds and roots some fine vegetable this highly interesting subject, to have them the winter and early part of the spring in order or other rich mould, working it in amongst enter upon it with the same zeal that charac-to have such kinds of vegetables early in the them with your fingers, and cover the beds terizes their movements in other respects. Let season. Perhaps the most important business over about one inch thick, and above that lay them cast their eyes around them, and view the in the month of February is to collect plenty of three inches in depth of vegetable mould not rapid strides in the arts, and the magnificent heating materials;-in doing this, great care very rotten, old tan, or any other light compost acquisitions that are daily making. Spread be- should be taken that the dung be fresh from the that will admit the water to run quickly through. fore them, as an example, the immense advan-horses. Those who may live near extensive If there be strong heat in the bed, slide down tages that are daily resulting from the applica-stables should engage it before hand, and order the sashes till it begins to decline. The temtion of steam to locomotion, connecting the it to be kept secure from the weather. Well perature at night should never be under 50, and most distant corners of the earth. Let them preparing the dung is of the utmost importance it may rise to 65 without injury; as the buds redect upon the brilliant discoveries of Davy, or in forcing, and if it be not done before it is made begin to appear, as much air must be daily adthe untiring zeal and result of a Linnæus, or into a bed, it cannot be done after, as it requires mitted as the weather will permit. In two or Cavier, and then ask them if, in the face of the turning and managing to cause it to ferment three days after the buds are planted, the heat thousands of improvements both to elevate the freely and sweetly; and care should be taken will begin to rise; the beds should then have a moderate supply of water applied from a wamind and render life agreeable, they can content that it do not become soddened with water. themselves to plod on in the old way, The next consideration is to select a situation tering pot, with the rose on; repeat such waterknowing and unknown?" If, in a country | for the beds to be made on, which should be wellings every three or four days. By the time the where they should occupy a proud station, they protected by a close fence or wall, and not in buds have come up three inches above the surcan content themselves with the possession of any way connected with any building calculated face, they are fit to gather for use, as they will the least possible degree of knowledge and in-to harbor rats, mice, moles, &c., which are very then be six or seven inches in length. In gathformation? That when a combination of sci-apt to take up their abode in warm dung, to the ering them, draw aside a little of the mould, ence and agriculture, of theory and practice, great injury and sometimes destruction of the slip down the finger and thumb, twist them off would not be an imaginary but a real and dura-beds. It is necessary that the foundation of the from the crown; this is a better method than to ble benefit to themselves and their posterity, beds be drily situated, and not liable to be inun-cut them-at least, it is less dangerous to the rithey will willingly sneer at it, condemn it, and dated with water from melted snow, &c. The jealously guard against any infringements on frames and sashes should be got ready for the the opinions and prejudices of their ancestors, beds to be made in succession from the middle merely because they are such? Can an Ame-of February to the middle of March. My limits rican farmer answer these questions in the af- will not allow me to enter into particulars relafirmative? No, he cannot-he will not. Let tive to the making of beds for all the different then the enlightened agriculturist of this "em- purposes: suffice it to state, that the depth of pire state" set the example. Let the farmers heating materials should be regulated by the of New-York be the first to step forward and season of the year at which the work is comlay the foundation of a great system of instruc-menced, and also to the purposes for which the tion, that shall elevate them to their proper rank, hot-bed are intended. and enable them to introduce iniprovements pose of raising half-hardy plants, or for procuwhich shall be a benefit to themselves and a ring seedling plants late in the spring, may be source of increased prosperity to their country. made in the same manner as a common hot-bed, It is hoped and expected that the State Agri-but where substantial heat is required to be kept FORWARDING BROAD BEANS, OR ENGLISH cultural Society will, at its next session, devise up, the beds must be so contrived as to admit of DWARFS; vicia faba.-As the several varieties a liberal and efficient plan for a State Agricultu linings as the heat decreases. of the English Broad Beans cannot be raised ral School, when it is earnestly hoped that the After the seeds are sown great precaution in perfection under a hot summer sun, they agricultural portion of the community will zeal- must be used, lest the plants should be injured should be planted as carly in the year as possiously step forward and put it in operation. To by cold cutting winds, or destroyed by heat for ble. Those intended for early crops are genepoint out the advantages individually seeins want of air. To prevent the former accident, rally planted in England from October to April, needless, after reading the lucid suggestions of warm dung should be placed around the frames, but, as our winters are more severe, it is seldom "B." If any one can oppose it or offer any ob-and the sashes should be covered with mats that any can be planted in the open ground jections to such an institution, it will be a mat- and boards every night. If full air cannot be here before the middle of March; and some are ter of much surprise to me. That it may suc-admitted in the day time, the sashes must apt to drive it off until the approach of warm ceed, and that our state and our farmers maybe slidden down to let off the steam, at the weather, consequently the crops are poor and have the honor and benefits of successfully in-same time the mats may be laid over the aper- scanty. To obviate this difficulty, some of the troducing it, is the earnest hope of an inhabitant ture, to prevent the cold air entering to the best kinds should be planted in boxes, and ORANGE COUNTY. placed in a moderate hot-bed in February, or If the bottom heat in the bed be too violent, early in March. If the plants thus raised be which is sometimes the case, means must be not nursed too tender, they may be transplantDirections for Forcing and Forwarding Veg- used to decrease it. This is generally effected ed into the open ground in the latter end of etables. By THOMAS BRIDGEMAN, Seedsman, and Author of the "Young Gardener's As by making holes in the bed with a stake shar- March: this will enable them to produce their To the Editor of the New-York pened at the end, or with a crow-bar, which fruit early in June. Or, if a heap of manure be holes should be filled up when the heat is suf- spread thick on a piece of ground late in the Farmer and American Gardener's Magazine. ficiently reduced. In lining hot-beds, if the autumn, it will keep the earth from freezing; MR. EDITOR-It cannot be expected that the heat is reduced in the body of the beds, holes and if said manure be removed in February, weather in the coming month, February, will be may be carefully made to admit heat from the and a frame placed over, and protected from exuitable for gardening operations in general; but fresh linings, so as to enliven the heat of the treme cold, the seedlings may be raised therein. it behoves those who may be desirous of pro-bed. Those that may not choose to take this trouble! ouring a tolerable share of the luxuries of the A Fahrenheit Thermometer should be always should plant some of each sort as soon as the garden, to "work while it is called to-day," at hand, at the time of forcing, to be used when frost is out of the ground. A strong clayey soil for there are many sorts of culinary vegetables necessary to regulate the heat in the bed; and is the most suitable, but they often do well in which may be forwarded in the winter, that can- the water that is used in cultivating plants in moderately light low ground, provided it is well not be raised to advantage in extreme warm frames should be warmed to the temperature trodden, or rolled, after the beans are planted.. weather. The celebrated Mr.CORBETT very just-of the air, or according to the heat required for||It may be necessary here to observe, that these sistant." plants. Beds made for the pur sing buds, which come up thick in succession. An ordinary sized frame calculated for three sashes will hold from three hundred to five hun. dred plants, according to the age and size, and will if properly managed yield a dish every day for about three weeks. On the above estimate, if a constant succession of Asparagus be required, it will be necessary to plant a bed every eighteen or twenty days, as it will be about six weeks from the time of planting before it is fit for use. Rhubarb and Sea Kale may be, and sometimes are, forced in the same manner as Asparagus. t to those articles which are of primary import- B. ture his crop in the open ground, he may raise You have now my proposition, sir; and I No. I. beans will need a careful hoeing when about||are three or four inches high, they must be|| Heavy and cold grounds are found to be most three or four inches high; and if some earth be pricked out three or four inches apart into an- congenial to wheat, oats, timothy, peas, &c.; drawn up to their stems, three or four times in other bed, and by the month of April they will light and warm soils to corn, barley, rye, and the course of their growth, it will greatly refresh be fit to transplant into the open ground. turnips; moist grounds to potatoes and fibrous and strengthen them. When they are arrived These plants, if well managed, will succeed rooted grasses; dry grounds to clovers, luzern, at full bloom, and the lower pods begin to set, ||very well, and those that do not flower by June turnips and other tap-rooted plants. Yet all these crops fail, or are comparatively worththe tops may be broken off. If this be done at may make good heads in fall, Hence it is of the proper time, it will greatly promote the swelling of the pods, as well as their early matillage crops, or the fine nutritious grasses, less, on lands habitually wet. the first importance, in order to obtain good turity, for having no advancing tops to nourish, the whole effort of the root will go to the supupon wet lands, first thoroughly to drain, and, f flat, to ridge them. The farmer who underport of the fruit. takes to raise all kinds of crops upon one kind FORCING KIDNEY BEANS.-The most dwarfof soil, misapplies his labor. He had better confine himself to those which make the best ish kinds of Kidney Beans may be raised in hotbeds, but they require a substantial heat to ma- Hints and Suggestions to Farmers. By B. return, sell the surplus, and buy with a part of To the Editor of the New-York Farmer. ture them. The temperature within the frame the proceeds that for which his neighbor's soil should be kept up to 60, and may rise to 70 or PRELIMINARY.Now that the bustle of elec-is better adapted than his own. If his land 75 degrees, provided the steam is let off. In tion, and the shouts of the victors, have some will yield per acre 25 bushels of wheat, and order to insure sufficient heat to bring them in- what subsided; our crops secured, and the only 25 of corn, he had better raise more wheat to a bearing state, the plants may be first raised bleak winds of December have driven the hus-and buy his corn; for his corn costs him douin small pots plunged into a hot bed; or a small bandman from his fields to his fireside; I pro-ble what his wheat crop does, and is, withal, bed may be prepared, earthed over with light pose, Mr. Editor, to devote an occasional even- but a little more than half as valuable. If it rich compost six inches deep, and the beansing to the entertainment, and I would fain hope will not produce good barley, let him forego the planted therein, and covered one inch. The to the improvement, of your agricultural rea-culture of that grain, and if his situation is near second hot-bed should be earthed over to the ders, provided you are disposed to second my market, he should raise inore grain, vegetables, depth of eight or nine inches, and the beans efforts by publishing what I may chance to and fruit, and less stock. transplanted as soon as they are two or three write: For as yet I feel the wish, without being The expense of transporting his surplus inches high, in cross rows, twelve or fifteen conscious of the ability, either to instruct or enproduce to market, is an important consideration inches apart by three or four inches in the rows, tertain them. or in clumps a foot apart. When the season is My essays shall never be tediously long. to the farmer. A bushel of wheat is worth to so far advanced that one bed, with the help of They may sometimes be practical, sometimes the grower in Chenango less than to the growlinings, will bring the plants well into fruit, the theoretical, and, perchance, sometimes politi.er in Albany, by the expense of its transportaA bullock, on the conseed may be planted at once to remain for pod-cal; but partaking neither of personal or party tion to market, which may be two shillings, or twenty-five per cent. ding; or if the gardener should choose to ma-politics. trary, may be as profitably fattened by a farmer in Otsego as one in Westchester, the expense of driving him from Otsego to New-York being counterbalanced by the enhanced value of his feed, and of the land which produces it, in Westchester. Upon the banks of the Hudson, a bushel of potatoes is worth from two to four The adapting Crops to the soil and market, shillings; while their value, for market, in the are among the first considerations which pre-interior, is scarcely half this; because they sent themselves to the discreet farmer. The will not bear distant transportation, and find a same soil that will produce a profitable crop of While, again, the FORWARDING EARLY CABBAGE, AND OTHER one kind, may not repay the labor of cultiva precarious market at home. PLANTS. It often happens that cabbage plants raised in the fall perish in the course of the win-ting another. The hills and mountains that wool, cheese, butter, cattle, horses, hogs and ter, and of those which survive, many will run make the richest pastures, may be illy adapted sheep, from the hills of Delaware or Lewis, from the cheapness of conveyance or transporto the production of grain. And the same farm to seed on the approach of warm weather: it is, therefore, safest to commence raising plants product that is profitable to the farmer in the tation of these articles, and the relative cheapin the spring. Those who may wish to have vicinity of towns or navigable waters, may be ness of lands, are able to compete successfully good strong hardy plants, should secure a piece them. In newly settled districts, where the ties of Dutchess and Orange. wholly unprofitable in a district remote from in the market, with like products from the counof ground from the winter frost by a heap of fresh stable dung; or by putting down their opportunities of interchange and marketing are frames before the approach of severe weather, precarious, it becomes in a measure necessary and keeping them covered until the latter end that the farmer should adapt his husbandry to of January, or early in February, at which time the immediate wants of his family, and produce his own bread, meat and clothing. Like cauthe seeds may be sown. The plants thus raised will be far better than those raised in the ses often render it necessary that he should also be his own mechanic-as carpenter, shoefall, as they will not run to seed; and they will maker, &c. Distance, bad roads, and the want be more hardy than those raised in hot-beds of means, leave him no other alternative. But as the main source of wealth. These sugges. The Gardeners about New-York sow their seed in old settled districts, where the facilities of on hot-beds, covered with glass sashes, the last intercourse and trade are abundant, consideraweek in February or early in March: the plants tions of economy suggest a wiser course-that the hills and mountains to the subsistence of will be fit to transplant about the middle of April, and should be set out in good ground, from sixteen inches to two feet apart, according If we look to our fields and woods, we shall to the size and kind. These, by being hoed ofsee that the natural products vary in different a road perfectly level is not always the best for ten, will produce good cabbages in June. soils; that many trees and plants which spring the horses. Slight and short alternations of Lettuce plants may be raised in the same up spontaneously in clayey grounds, are not to rising and falling in the road are serviceable to manner, but they are much hardier if raised in be found in those which are sandy, and vice the horses, provided the drivers are skilful. By cold beds. Capsicum, Egg Plant, and Tomatoe versa; that some are peculiar to wet and oth-these variations the lungs and muscles of the seeds should be sown in hot-beds the latter end ers to dry grounds; and yet that there is a con-horses are relieved. This is explained on the of February, or early in March, to produce ear-stant tendency to alternate or change--new principle that constant exercise of any of the ly plants for transplanting as the summer ap- species of trees and plants taking the place of muscular powers tends to exhaust. Conse. proaches. other species which have been felled or have quently, on a road perfectly level, the same set of FORWARDING CAULIFLOWER.-Those who died. This is not the result of chance; but it muscles are unremittedly exercised; but if may wish to secure a good supply of Early Cau-is in accordance with a law of nature, which there are some descents and ascents, these are liflower, should take great care of their plants has endued plants with different habits and either entirely or partially relieved and others through the winter: these should be trans- wants, and provided in different soils the food brought into action. planted into good ground in the month of best suited to those habits and wants respectPROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE IN GREAT BR1March, and be protected by hand glasses. This ively. It is analogous to what we see in aniwould insure their heading before the approach mals-almost every class of which, as the ox,TAIN.-Only a few centuries ago most of the of extreme warm weather, which is very injuri- the dog, the hog, &c. has its peculiar food. lands of Great Britain lay in an uninclosed ous to Cauliflower. The fall plants are gene-Those who would profit from the works of state, and a very considerable portion in comNow there is afforded a striking and rally allowed to succeed best, but good Cauli-infinite wisdom, therefore, will do well to study mons. flowers are sometimes raised from seed sown the aptness of their soils for particular crops, pleasing contrast. What may we not expect in a hot-bed towards the end of January, or ear and to select those for staple culture which even in the United States, in the course of fifty ly in February. When the plants thus raised promise the best reward. the farmer should apply his labors to such ob- From this view of the subject it would seem to result, as a general rule, that farmers contiguous to markets or navigable waters will best bors so far as regards their marketable products consult their interests, by confining their lawould comport with the policy of those more to tillage crops, hay and fruits; and that it remote, to rely upon cattle and sheep husbandry Providence, in adapting the vallies to grain, and tions derive force from the wise provisions of locks and herds. B. LEVEL ROADS.-Agricultural writers say that years. ed, it will be in consequence of the late disposition of Prussia, which has sacrificed a political to a commercial interest. In the theme presented by the Cabinet of Berlin, and adopted by Holland, there are the means of an arrangement which M. de Talleyrand is too adroit to neglect. All must henceforth depend upon the consent of William. Will the merchants of Amsterdam allow him to subscribe to the prosperity of Antwerp? We hope so, for we should have peace; but men do not usually act against their own interests. If Holland submits, it will be because she has no longer any means of resistance." The Courrier Français contains the following remarks "Chassé has surrendered the Citadel, the Tête de Flandre, and the forts dependent on it-that is to say, those of Lacoste, of Burghout, and of Saint Hilaire, or Isabelle. This is a great deal for the security of the town of Antwerp; it is nothing for the liberty of the Scheldt. The forts of Lillo and of Liefkenshoek, not being under the command of General Chassé, cannot be comprehended in the capitulation. Whilst they remain in the possession of the Dutch the navigation of the Scheldt will be at the mercy of the latter. Are the forts to be attacked, or is the ariny to return to France immediately? As it is in the nature of the Dutch and Belgian question to give rise to a new difficulty as soon as one has been removed, the question of the reciprocal evacuation of the territories presents itself to view at the present moment. Whilst the Dutch remain masters of the forts on the Scheldt, is the Convention of London executed? or is there reason for yielding the portion of Limburg and Luxemburg which is to be conceded to Holland? Will Prussia, as the Gazette of Augsburgh asserts, demand for herself and the German Confederation for Holland? Now that the cannon has done its office, diplomacy will no doubt resume its influence, and will undertake to decide the question of the navigation of the Scheldt. It will soon be seen whether the taking of the Citadel has rendered the task more easy--whether William, frustrated of his hopes, dejected by the failure he has sustained, will be more tractable; or whether, in his wounded pride, he will assume more obstinacy in his pretensions, in order that it may be fully evident that hostilities have not advanced the affair, and in order that there may be grounds for saying to the French Government, What benefit have you derived from the blood which has been shed?"" * Weather clear in the northern part of Litchfield county, Ct.-wind southerly. Became cloudy at 3 p. m. at Farm- the possession of those territories as a guarantee ington, Ct. Thick and hazy at New-Haven at 11 p. m. Became fair before morning. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. being murdered by bombs coming from an enemy out of their sight, and against whom they could take [From the Baltimore American.] no sure ain. Chassé felt the force of this remonLATEST FROM THE PACIFIC.-The U. S. schooner Dol-strance-termed a mutiny by the French and Bel. phin, Lieut. Commandant Long, sailed from Valparaiso for gians-and from that moment he seriously thought this, about the 1st inst. to touch at the intermediate ports. The U. S. sloop of war Falmonth, Capt. Gregory, sailed hence for of a capitulation. To attempt a sortie ke knew was Guayaquil, on the 11th inst., in consequence of advices that the worse than madness-to continue to depend on the troops had revolted near Quito, assassinated their officers, and citadel in its dilapidated state was impossible-and, were expected to march to Guayaquil, which which it was feared having proved to the world the bravery of his men, they would sack! So that it is probable another mushroom "Republic" has been numbered among those things that were, and satisfied the honor of his country, he considered but are now no more forever!" The Falmouth will touch at it no degradation to succumb to superior force. the intermediate ports on her return, and is expected to reach here by the middle of November. from Guayaquil, and will leave the coast for home about the time The ship Ulysses is probably at this time in Valparaiso, direct the Lady Adams does; the Pagoda is still on the coast; the schooner Dash on her way hence for Valparaiso, and the brig Anawan, I believe, is sealing. P. S.-25th, afternoon, intelligence has just been received, per mail, from Guayaquil, that the insurgent troops were near the city, and expected soon to enter it. The Baltimore ship Ulysses, as well as all other vessels in port, were embargoed, and foreigners were moving their families and effects on board. It is thought by many, however, that the city will be able to defend itself The first interview the French parlementary had ed. The veteran, the instant he saw him, ordered with Chassé, he was introduced with his eyes coverthe bandage to be removed. "We have no more tionment of the public debt-the use by Belgium of The free navigation of the Scheldt-the appor secrets," said he, "admire the glorious works of the interior waters of Holland-the partition of Limyour bombs-tell Marshal Gerard the exact situa- burg and Luxemburg-all these points are as much tien of the Citadel." On the other hand the French attack has been the London protocols-as though the citadel had unsettled, however strictly laid down and decreed by obviously conducted with consummato skill, and never been assailed. What the expectation of Belthe object been effected with what-notwithstanding gium is may be gathered from the annexed para. LATER FROM EUROPE BY THE FLORIDA.-The Cita. the lamentations of the cockney letter writers for del has fallen! On the evening of Sunday the 23d the London press about the inglorious preference of proposed, of 110,000 men, out of a population of graphs from a Brussels paper of 26th. An army, as ult., it capitulated, and the garrison marched from showering bombs and springing mines to "gallantly about four millions, does not favor the notion of a amidst its ruins on the following day to the glacis, mounting the breach,"must be deemed a praise- peaceful issue of the question, and if it be left to the and laid down their arms. How ineffectual and worthy regard for human life. hopeless longer defence would have been, may be We do not perceive that the surrender of the cit-William, we hazard little in saying, will soon again arbitrament of Belgium and Holland alone, King judged from the annexed account of the condition of adel-even though that of the Forts Lillo and Lief-be in his good city of Brussels: the works. The picture of old Chassé seated in akenshock, below the city, and which command the vault, perhaps on a pile of shot, and signing, perad. navigation of the Scheldt, be included therein,-will the amount of the army of 1833:-By the law of BRUSSELS, Dec. 25.-Project of a law relative to venture on a dismounted gun, the articles of capi. advance the settlement of the question between Doc. 30, 1831, the army for 1832 was to be 80,000 tulation, is one that his countrymen need not blush Holland and Belgium. That must still be a subject men on the war establishment, besides the moveable of protocols, and possibly, when the Spring opens, and the season is more favorable for the movement of armies, of general war. at. He has done all that man could do. On this head, the following extracts from two Paris opposition papers, show how much yet re. mains to be done. Civil Guard. June last, making the whole effective force 110,000. This is the amount proposed by the Governmet for 1833, besides the moveable Civic Guard. We cannot propose a reduction at a time when Holland, with half a population, has an army nearly as large as ours, and is making new levies. The deplorable condition in which Major de la Fontaine found the citadel, beggars all descriptior. Not a house was left which could shelter the garri. son; their ammunition or provisions were either de. stroyed, burnt, or blown up, and only sufficient food was left for one day's rations. The casemates or vaulted passages, were all knocked down; and "As for the political results of the capitulation, Chassé himself was seated in a vault at a table, with observes the Temps, "the matter is already judged, every thing around him destroyed by the bombs. The We are to return to the reign of protocols. The garrison bore their misfortunes with great bravery Scheldt is not free, and the King of Holland has no and devotedness, and until Friday night not a murmur thing to fear for his territory, which is protected by escaped their lips. On that night a deputation of the the veto of Europe. The taking of the Citadel will garrison waited on Chassé, and urged him to make not shorten the negotiations-that event leaves the a desperate sortie; and either to succeed in spiking question in the same state. the guns of the besiegers, or fall in the attempt. a few forts for a territory advantageously situatedWilliam will exchange They complained that the fire of the enemy prevent. he has kept us at bay for a month-he has exalted ment till our political affairs are settled. ed them from standing to their guns, and that they the courage of Holland-his situation is as favora. preferred risking their lives on the field of battle, telible as ever. If negotiations should be less protract."gression, and require a further development of force, If the Government should have to repel any ag and discipl.ned, and theiment govenand the nation Our troops are perfectly well organized, trained have only to prove the excellent spirit that animates them, and their desire soon to give proofs of their courage and attachment to the cause of their country. The prolonged state of war rendered fresh burdens necessary; but Belgium will make any sacrifice till we obtain what existing treaties assure to We shall keep our army on the war establish us. |