required. It is to be constructed in the most substantial manner of stone and iron. Company incorporated in 1830. Length about 25 miles. Work now in active progress. BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE RAIL-ROAD, extending from Boston to Providence, Rhode Island. Distance, 43 miles. Company incorporated in June, 1831, with a capital of $1,000,000. Route surveyed, and the location for a part of the distance determined. BOSTON AND WORCESTER RAIL-ROAD is to extend from Boston to Worcester. Length 43 miles. Part of the road is now under contract, and the work was commenced in August, 1832. Estimated expense, $883,994. But as the contracts for making the road have been more favorable than was anticipated, it is expected that the cost will fall considerably short of the original estimate Company incorporated in 1831. It is proposed to continue this road to Connecticut river, and to construct a branch to Milbury. QUINCY RAIL-ROAD.-This was the first work of the kind undertaken in the United States, and "The highest figure represents the form || sugar-candy intimately blended together. A was constructed for transporting granite from the of the arrow, as best constructed for the com- spindle supplied externally, with a flat head, en-quarry in Quincy to Neponset river. Length, 9 mon blunderbuss, and may be propelled im-ters by its extreme head into a miniature phial miles; single track. Completed in 1827. mediately from the shore, or carried with the supplied with sulphuric acid, sealed with a drop BOSTON AND TAUNTON RAIL-ROAD, from Boslife boat. The butt-end carries a thin metallic of bees' wax. As soon as the arrow leaves the ton to Taunton, Mass. Distance, 32 miles. shield, or plate, which may be made of copper. gun, the reaction of the air on the head of the Company incorporated in June, 1831, with a The point is sharp and barbed, to fasten where spindle drives inward the plug of wax and libe- capital of $1,000,000. It has been proposed that it may strike, or act as a holdfast on the tack-rates the acid, which instantly kindles the mix- this company should unite with the Boston and ling or rigging of the wreck. It is shod with ture, the brilliant flame immediately fills the Providence Rail-Road Company, upon condition iron, as well to subserve this purpose as to se-globular cage of wire gauze which surmounts that a branch road be constructed from Taunton cure its direction, and compete with the resist- it, and the intensity of the light is rendered still to the Boston and Providence Rail-Road. ance it must encounter in a storm. The woodmore dazzling and splendid by adding a bit of The following rail-roads have also been proused is hickory, or ash, or, still better, lance-phosphorus to the inflammable powder. This jected, aud some of them surveyed. From Boswood, the more cohesive the fibre the better: part of the apparatus is made altogether inde-ton or Lowell to Brattleborough, Vermont; from this is withed in its extreme length with whip pendent of the arrow, and may be easily attach-Boston to Salem, to be continued to the northern thread or line; bands or ribbons of thin metalled when circumstances require it, as when the line of the State; from West Stockbridge to the strengthen the arrow, where the bent extre- darkness of the night renders it imperative.-boundary line of the state of New-York, to meet mities of the parallel iron rod pass through, and The combustion which forms the source of a rail-road from Albany; and from Boston to which last are further secured by a shoulder on the illumination, cannot be quenched either by Ogdenburgh, N. Y. one side and a nut on the other. Along this the sea spray or a deluge of rain, the medium parallel rod glances the iron ring to which the of support being supplied from itself, altogether fine is attached, the instant it leaves the gun, and a bit of cork, or caoutchouc, toward the end of the arrow, interposed between the rod and the body of the arrow, acting as a recoil spring, will so far subdue the effect of friction. CANALS. MIDDLESEX CANAL, connecting Bosindependent of the external atmosphere, how-ton harbor with Merrimack river at Chelmsford, ever charged with watery vapour or rain, and opens a communication to the central part of the combustion is too fierce to be at all affected New-Hampshire. Length, 27 miles. Breadth by the wind, even at its maximum degree of at the surface, 30 feet, at bottom, 20; depth of water, 3 feet. Locks, 20; lockage, 136 feet. strength." "The entire weight of the arrow, thus plumThe "experiments" alluded to in the prece-ted in 1808; cost, $528,000. Company incorporated in 1789; Canal compleed and shod, is from two to three ounces, 18 ding extract are detailed more at length in a inches long, and three quarters of an inch in subsequent part of the pamphlet, and leave no diameter. These dimensions and weight have doubt on our minds, that Mr. Murray's apparabeen found most efficient and successful when tus is by far the most efficient that has yet been applied to a blunderbuss sixteen inches long in devised; while, at the same time, it is so cheap the barrel, and one and one-tenth inch diameter and portable, that inclination alone is all that in the calibre. The entire weight of the arrow can be wanting to bring it into general use. and its appendages, together with the strong whip-cord attached to it, was two pounds and the wreck. BLACKSTONE CANAL, extends from Worcester, Mass. to Providence, R. I. It follows through the greater part of its course, the valley of Blackstone river. Length, 45 miles. Fall from the summit at Worcester to tide water at Providence, 451,61 feet. It has 48 locks, 80 feet long by 10 wide. Breadth at the surface, 34 feet; at the bottom, 18; depth of water, 4 feet. It was completed in 1828. Cost about 600,000 dollars. used not only passing a fall of the same name, but also for supplying very extensive hydraulic works. It is 2 1-2 miles in length, 80 feet wide and 4 deep, overcoming a difference of level of PAWTUCKET CANAL, in the town of Lowell, is 32 feet. jected work in continuation of Farmington Canal, from Southwick ponds to Northampton. Distance, 20 miles. Difference of level, 298 feet. RAILROAD INTELLIGENCE. The steam car one ounce, and ware carried to an extent of South Carolina arrived at half past 7 P. M. on nearly one hundred yards by two drachms of the 15th, from Branchville, (62 miles,) in 7 h gunpowder. The cord was of sufficient strength 15 m., all stoppages included. 18 passengers; to pull a rope from the shore large enough to cargo, 70 bales of cotton-to sundry factors form a communicating medium of escape from Stopped at Summerville 30 minutes, to discharge freight cars.-[Charleston paper.] "The lowest figure exhibits the arrow applied to a three pounder swivel, the calibre of EXPERIMENTAL RAIL-ROAD.-The Rail-road SOUTH HADLEY CANAL, constructed for passwhich, however, though not represented in the Company of this city expect to have their Road ing a fall of 40 feet on Connecticut river in the plate, it ought nearly to fill. In this case, the between the Capitol Square and the Stone Quar- town of South Hadley, is two miles in length. arrow and its various adjustments weigh toge-ry, completed by New Year's day, (if not pre-There is a cut in this canal, in solid rock, 40 ther nearly two pounds; and with three ounces vented by inclement weather,) and a handsome feet in depth and 300 in length. of gunpowder a line of considerable strength car upon it for the accommodation of such ladies HAMPSHIRE AND HAMPDEN CANAL, is a proand power will be propelled upwards of a hun- and gentlemen as may desire to take the exercise dred and fifty yards. In this instance a macha-of a Rail-Road airing.-RALEIGH, Dec. 28. rel, or deep sea-line, may be used. The cord is represented as coiled in the form of what is called French faking, and was the plan adopted in all our experiments, while it seems best a- BOSTON AND LOWELL RAIL ROAD, leading dapted to preserve the coils from being entan- from Boston to Lowell, and commencing on the gled--a circumstance of the highest importance west side of Warren Bridge, is to cross Charles in experiments of this description. The barb river by a wooden viaduct, and to terminate at is removed here to render the appearance less the basin of the canal in Lowell, from which complicated. there are to be branches along the several canals "The arrangement is supplied with an ap- to the factories. The inclination of the road pendage for illuminating the flight of the arrow will in no case exceed 10 feet per mile, and in and scene of shipwreck. It consists simply of general will not exceed 5 feet per mile. For the a cylindrical sheath, or socket, containing the present there will be but a single track, with the materials of illumination, consisting of a mix-necessary number of turn-outs; but provision is ture of finely powdered chlorate of potassa and" made for the construction of another track, ifil-[Mechan. & Farmer.] From the American Almanac, for 1833. MONTAGUE CANAL, constructed for passing Montague falls, on Connecticut river, in the town of the same name, is 3 miles long, 25 feet wide, and 3 deep. Lockage, 75 feet. OHIO CANAL.-We learn from the Governor's On the Miami Canal, [From the London Mechanics' Magazine.] nie. 1814-20. ||the Sankey Canal to Newton Races, in June in the same year, laden with passengers. On the Saturday following she sailed to Runcorn, from thence down the Duke of Bridgewater's Canal to Manchester. On her arrival there, such was the astonishment and curiosity at this wonderful, and as some would have it, this mad idea, that thousands of the people came from all directions to see what their eyes would not believe, nor their senses understand; and, indeed, such were the numbers, and such the curiosity this vessel excited, that Smith was obliged for the safety of his property, to give notice that no one would be allowed to come on board of her, excepting those who paid a certain sum. This exasperated the populace to such an extent, that a party of mechanics immediately got possession of, and almost destroyed her. Amongst ||bridges, and the immense labor in fixing those the visitors was Mr. Sherratt, of the firm of SOUTHWARK IRON BRIDGE. Architect, Ren-parts, render it, in many respects, a distinct ar- Bateman and Sherratt, of Manchester; also rangement in bridge-building. Also, if we con- several other respectable engineers of the same For several centuries the only direct means sider the enormous spans of the arches of place, whom it is unnecessary to name. So of communication from the Borough of South-Southwark Bridge, and the number of them far as memory serves me, (after a lapse of 39 wark to the city of London, was by passing (only three), we cannot withhold our commen-years,) the following is a short description of over London Bridge, the then only bridge dation from the scientific individual who con- this wonderful discovery; but having made no across the river Thames. Since the time of ceived and carried into execution so bold a memorandums of the circumstance at the time, Stowe, however, (who mentions that bridge project. and, I may say, being then young, and to a cerwith particular satisfaction,) the rapid extension The invention of iron bridges is due to Bri-tain extent, like the rest of my friends, increof the Borough had frequently suggested the tish mechanics. It is said that the first bridge dulous, I never anticipated what is almost to great necessity of some more direct means of this description was invented by Mr. Tho- every one in the present day so common. The of communication to the heart of the city. But mas Paine, and intended for America as the vessel had on her an engine on the old atmosit was to our own times, that the ultimate exe-subjoined list will show. The repeated failures pheric principle, was worked with a beam, concution of his design was reserved. The suc- of iron bridges show clearly that experience is necting-rod, double crank, in an horizontal line, cessful projector of the scheme was Mr. John still wanting to render them of sufficient per- and with seven paddles on each side, which Wyatt, proprietor of the Repertory of Arts. In manency. propelled her at the rate of about two miles 1807, that gentleman first turned his attention an hour. John Smith was a rude, uncultivated, self-taught mechanic, and was supported with to the subject, and labored incessantly, and in spite of every obstacle, till the year 1811, when money by a Mr. Baldwin, at that time of St. an Act of Parliament was obtained, authorizing Helen's, and was the first æronaut who ever the necessary sums to be raised, amounting in Southwark, London ascended in a balloon, either in this or the adthe gross to 400,000l. in transferable shares of Colebrook Dale, over the joining counties. Perhaps, I may observe, that 1007. each; and containing permission to raise the vessel or boat was purchased at Liverpool, (by way of mortgage or annuities) the sum of and on Smith's informing the parties from 100,000l. should such further sum be required whom he bought it what his intentions were, to complete the works with its necessary aphe was treated as some insane person; he was proaches, and for securing the subscribers laughed at by one, insulted by another, and against extra calls over and above the amount pitied generally; but, having money with him, originally stipulated for. he was allowed to purchase her. On being questioned and laughed at by a merchant at the time the purchase was made, he replied, those may laugh who will, but my opinion is, before twenty years are over, you will see this river (Mersey) covered with smoke.' The following are the most remarkable Severn Mr. Paine's bridge, intended The Committee of the proposed Bridge consisted of the following gentlemen :-Sir J. Jackson, Bart. chairman; John Allnut, Esq. Chas. Barclay, Esq. M. P. Samuel Davis, Esq. East India Director; Robert Pott, Esq. Henry Per-Over the River Wear kins, Esq. Charles Price, Esq. George Ranking, Esq. John Ramsbottom, Esq. M. P. Wm. Salte, Esq. William Slade, Esq. John Taylor, Esq. M. P. William Williams, Esq. Banker; and Sir Joseph Yorke, Bart. M. P. Whether any other committee was formed prior to this, I am unable to determine, but the before-mentioned names agree with those given in the Repertory," as also in the copy of a Prospec Buildwas, (Colebrook Dale two over the New River at Dates. Architects or 1814.20 J. Rennie 1779 Darby 1790 Walker 1793.6 Wilson Burdon 1795.6 Telford 1795.6 1796 "I feel pleasure in giving you these particulars, and the substance of the remarks I can vouch for as being correct, having been an eyewitness to most of them, and one of the party who took his first excursion." [From the Petersburg, Va. Intelligencer.] PETERSBURG RAILROAD. It is with high gratification we present our tus now before me. readers with the following Report, made by the Mr. Wyatt, it appears, was at the time per-Boston, in Lincolnshire, and Principal Engineer to the Second Auditor of sonally acquainted with the late John Rennie, the State, and published by order of the Board Esq. who, at his (Mr. Wyatt's) recommendaof Directors of the Petersburg Railroad Comtion, had professional conferences with the pany: In doing which we have the further saCommittee of Management on the propriety of erecting the bridge, and the nature of its conThe following account which we copy from tisfaction to mention, that on Saturday last, payment in full was made for every share of struction. Mr. Rennie was, of course, satisfied the Mechanics' Magazine, of the first attempt stock held by individuals-so that the last moithat a bridge was required, and the Committee to use steam for propelling vessels in England,ety of the Commonwealth's subscription is now being satisfied that the care of its execution could brings forward a new claimant to the honors demandable, and will no doubt be promptly not well be placed in abler hands, gave the of that important discovery. It is an honor paid. necessary directions for designs and drawings well worth contending for "Honor to whom to be prepared for their inspection. According PETERSBURG, Dec. 6th, 1832. JAS. BROWN, Jr. Esq., 2d Auditor. ly Mr. Rennie furnished two designs for the in-honor is due," is our motto. Sir: I am requested by the President and tended bridge; one of stone, to consist of five HISTORY OF STEAMBOATS-New Claimant to Directors of the Petersburg Railroad Company arches, and one of iron, to consist of three their Introduction.-Mr. Wm. Bromilow, a cor-to communicate to you, for the information of arches, with granite piers. The latter design respondent of the Liverpool Chronicle of Sat- the Board of Public Works, an account of the was preferred and carried into execution. (See urday last, has brought forward a new claimant condition and cost, and my impressions of the above engraving of centre arch.) to the introduction of steam navigation in the prospects of the work committed to my charge. The works, however, were not commenced person of a John Smith, late of St. Helen's.- Its objects, as the Board are no doubt appriuntil the year 1814-operations being stayed by Indeed the facts, if authentic, leave no doubt zed, were to connect the Roanoke River, at a parliament till such time as all the shares were that he has a prior claim to both Bell and Ful-point where there must be necessarily a trandisposed of. It must be admitted that this un- ton. Mr. Bromilow's statement is as follows: shipment of produce from one description of dertaking of Mr. Rennie's was bold and ardu- "The engine in the boat alluded to, and which boats to another, with the town of Petersburg, ous in the extreme. Little is known at present is generally supposed to be the first invented, to accommodate much better and of course to as to the best mode of constructing bridges of was constructed for propelling boats by steam, command the trade of the upper-Roanoke, and iron. The great number of the parts, and the as before stated, by Smith at St. Helen's, in the to afford to a part of the lower-Roanoke counpaucity of scantling compared with stone year 1793, and her first excursion was down try, and a large part of the interior of North Carolina, a readier and a cheaper way to market than they now have. Of superstructure, the first thirty miles from that of Petersburg beyond this stream, to estithe Corporation Line are completed, and the mate its amount and probable increase on the A careful examination of the subject satisfied rail-road for that distance has been in use for completion of the Rail Road. On that subject, the Board of Directors that an improvement of the last six or eight weeks. The remaining the information in my possession is scarcely a superior character was well justified by the distance to the Meherrin and the portion of the definite enough to admit of my hazarding an ends in view, and on the other hand, that the railroad within the Corporation Line, (if the opinion. If it is such as it has been confidently trade of the Roanoke and of the districts of N. ||weather should be favorable) may be completed stated to be, there can scarcely be a doubt of Carolina, which the contemplated railway was in the course of a few weeks; so that by the the productiveness of the Railroad, within a to reach, would be diverted but partially from first of February at farthest, the company may very brief period. M. ROBINSON, Engineer. AGRICULTURE, &c. its accustomed channels by a work of an infe- expect to open their rail-road between Peters- I am, sir, very respectfully, your obed't serrior order. It seemed to the Board also advis-burg and Hicksford, (forty-one miles,) for trans-vant, able in the execution of their work, to attempt portation. The remaining distance between not only the objects which first led to its being the Meherrin, and Roanoke, is so far advanced projected, but others, which it was seen might as to leave little doubt of its completion within be subsidiary to the end of making it a profita- less than twelve months of this time; and that ble investment to stockholders. By adapting the whole line of rail-road, if no untoward cirthe plan and profile of the railroad to the use of cumstance should occur, may be opened to the Locomotive Power, it was evident that not on- Roanoke in the month of November next. By ly a much more perfect accommodation would that time the necessary depots and warehouses be afforded to trade and to passengers, but that for the accommodation of the trade will have an important facility would be given to the Post been constructed, the engines and cars requisite Office Department in the transmission of its procured, and all other arrangements for transmails, for which it was presumed the govern-portation made. ment would be willing to award a liberal and adequate remuneration. [From the New-England Farmer.] AGRICULTURAL ESSAYS, No. VII. KEEPING A DAY BOOK.-Both merchants and mechanics are greatly indebted to their books of accounts, for information and success in the several branches of their business, by regular and correct entries. The transaction of every day should be correctly noted. The time when The cost of the rail-road, so far as it has been you plough, sow, plant, mow, pull flax, cut fuel, completed, has been entirely within the original gather corn, potatoes, &c. and the quantity and With these objects in view, a Railroad was estimate, and on those parts which are yet to quality of manure laid on each field, should be located between the town of Petersburg and a be completed there will, with one exception, be carefully noticed. You will then know the seaa point on the Roanoke, one and a half miles no material variation. On the portion within son when labor must be done the next year, below its Falls, unsurpassed, and it is believed the Corporation of Petersburg, the amount as in those fields, and the kinds and proportions unequalled in directness, in freedom from cur- sessed against the Company for damages has of manure required to dress them." Farmers vature and beauty of graduation by any similar been greater than was anticipated, and an extra should weigh all their pork, beef, butter and work of the same extent. Its whole length from expenditure of about 12 thousand dollars will cheese; and measure all their grain, corn, pothe Depot in Petersburg to that on the Roanoke be incurred in order to avoid an inclined plane tatoes, &c. and indeed, every article they lay up is but fifty-nine miles, or three and one-eighth at the termination of the rail-road. which had for winter; and also the time when they kill miles more than a straight line between these been at first contemplated. On the other items their creatures and the food on which they were would be; most of its curves are arcs of cir- of expense yet to be incurred, there will as of- fatted. This will show the quantity they concles of from two to nine miles in diameter, and ten be a reduction as an increase on the prices sume, what, and how much of each article, and its graduation in no place (after leaving the allowed in the estimate, and the whole work how much they may have to dispose of. Days town of Petersburg) exceeds a rise or fall of will at any rate be executed for the sum con- on which they hire laborers; the labor performthirty feet per mile. templated ($400,000) at the period of its com-ed on those days, and the price paid for that lamencement. bor should be entered. This will show what It would have been a subject of gratification to the Board of Directors and their officers, if the construction of their work could have corresponded in all respects with the excellent location which was obtained for it. It was evident, however, that the resources of the company would not be adequate to a work of the most permanent character throughout, and it became, therefore, a subject of high consideration in what respects retrenchment could be made without impairing its usefulness and value. The conclusion arrived at, was to execute the railroad on the plan contemplated by the undersigned, on the 8th of April, 1830, to the Common Council of Petersburg. The graduation of the road and the masonry of the bridges, culverts, and other constructions, being on the most permanent plan, whilst a superstructure of a more economical character, it was thought might be admitted in place of the stone and iron superstructure, generally adopted in England and on some few of the railroads of this country. An increase of capital or a loan of money, time and labor must be performed the next year, will however be requisite in order to procure the price of it, and the money which may be the necessary locommotive engines, cars and wanted to carry on the business of the farm.— carriages, for the purposes of transportation, Every farmer should mark the day on which his and to give to the trade of the road a suffi- cows, mares, &c. associate with the males of ciently extensive accommodation in the way of their several kinds; he will then be able to pro warehouses and depots. The extent to which vide proper room, &c. for the reception of their this will be requisite will depend on the views young, and to attend to their keeping in due sea of the Board of Directors and of the Stock-son, and which ought to be a little better than holders, and on circumstances yet to be ascer- common, at those periods. For want of this tained. It will be important that the Company attention, multitudes of calves, lambs, pigs, &c. should be in these respects adequately and amply provided; and particularly so in the event of the transportation of the mail being effected by it. PROSPECTS OF THE COMPANY. It has seldom occurred in Virginia, that the results of a work have equalled the expectations of its projectors. It is confidently believed that the Petersburg Rail Road will form an exception to the rule. are annually lost. The ages of lambs, calves, colts, &c. should be carefully noted, and the weight of them when killed, as this will point out those ewes, cows, &c. which are best for breeders; which is a very material branch of knowledge, in regard to the growth and value of a stock of cattle. In short, the Farmer should note the business of every day, how and where he past it, and what the weather was; and he should not forget, that so much of the goodness The easy curvatures and gentle graduation of his crops depends upon early and seasonable of the road have been before alluded to. These cultivation that he had better give any price for It is doubtful whether, if the funds of the com- and a careful execution will give to the power labor than be belated; more depends on this than pany had been more ample, good judgment employed on it a large, useful effect, and enable farmers in general seem to be sensible of. Flax, would have dictated a different course from that locomotive engines to attain the highest desira- sowed early will have a better coat, and more which was determined on. Temporary con- ble velocity with entire safety. It has been seed, than when sowed late. Barley sowed early structions are undoubtedly in most cases to be mentioned above, that one half of the rail-road will not be liable to blast and mildew; and Inavoided on public works. If however they are was opened for transportation in the month of dian corn planted and hoed in good season, will in any case admissible, they would seem to be October. Since then a light engine weighing not be so liable to suffer from drought, and from so in the superstructure of a rail-road. In the but little upwards of four tons, has been enga- frosts, and will be fuller and heavier, than when present instance, a track of wood and iron, of aged in nearly daily trips on this distance; trans-planted late, poorly ploughed, and indifferently highly substantial character, (heart yellow pine porting from 18 to 20 tons net, or from 30 to hoed. Grass land on which manure is spread rails 5×9, plated with iron half inch thick by 2 33 tons gross, in an average period of 24 hours. early, will yield a much better crop, than if inches wide, secured in White Oak sills 12 So far the whole cost of her repairs has not spread late, and one load of grass cut when inches in diameter,) will have been laid at a been five dollars, and the fuel consumed by her, ripe, and before it withers and turns white in the cost less by two thirds, than would have been has been but about half a cord of wood per day. field, will be of more value than two loads of the necessary to lay down iron rails on stone blocks. It is agreed, that the above is an unusual case, same kind cut after it is ripe, dried away and Its average duration will be about ten years, and that the performace of their engines, gene-weather-beaten it has lost its juices in this and before it decays, it may be made use of to rally, will scarcely be equal to that of the beau- state, which is all that is valuable. put in place the materials, and thereby defray tiful locomotive with which the Board of Di-mers are so short, that every possible advantage a large portion of the cost, of a more perma-rectors have commenced their transportation. should be taken for early cultivation for negnent construction. Still, with large deductions and allowances, the ligence and inattention in the spring will cersaving in the cost of transportation as well as tainly be followed by cold and hunger in the folAt this time four fifths of the labour of grad-in time by their improvement, and its efficiency lowing winter. ing and bridging on the Petersburg Railroad when it meets the Roanoke, can scarcely be may be considered as effected, and the remain- questioned. der, if the winter should be favourable, may be expected to be finished by the first of June next. CONDITION AND COST OF THE WORK. I must leave to others, more conversant than myself with the trade of the Roanoke, and with Our sum But to return. A Farmer should keep a careful entry of all his fodder; the quantity and quality of each kind-for he may wish to purchase and winter a cow or two extraordinary; and an account of the manure made by his cause, in many instances is truly astonishing. We owe an apology to V. D. G. for the delay swine, by scraping of the roads, his yards, by In the Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, pub- of his first communication. It was delayed mud, barn dung, &c., for this will show him lished in Edinburgh, a Mr. Sherreff mentions first by other matter previously in hand, and at once how much land to break up, and the that the variety of Swedish turnip cultivated in strength he will have for next year's cultivation: East Lothian had, by judicious selection of the then by the omission to publish the Journal on if he neglects this branch of good husbandry, roots from which seed was to be saved, been the last Saturday in December, in consequence he cannot expect to form a just estimate either improved in nutritious value upwards of 300 of there having been two numbers issued in one of the labor or profits of the next year. To per cent. and he adds-"The difference of pro- week at the commencement of the year. His avail himself of the advantages which stand duce arising from sowing the seeds of a good The communications of PUBLICOLA are re connected with his situation and farm, he must and a bad variety of a plant is so great, that it second of the 18th of December, is at hand, for attend to these things, many of which may ap-does not seem inconsistent with probability to which he will please accept our thanks. His pear of little or of no consequence in the eyes state that the gross agricultural produce of the communications will find a ready admission of the mass of farmers; but they certainly de-country might be augmented in the course of a into the Journal. serve their very serious attention. Laborers, few years, through the agency of improved unless upon some urgent occasions, should ne-seeds, to the amount of 7 per cent.; and as the ver be hired by the month, nor even for a sin-farmer's home consumption of produce, by ceived, and they will have an early insertion. gle day, in the winter season, when the days such means would be increased nearly 10 per are short, cold and stormy, and when an indus-cent. what an enormous fund this forms for This being the first number of a new trious man can hardly earn his living. The maintaining the un-agricultural part of the volume, and very much improved in its appearquantity of pork, beef, cider, and other provi- population, and augmenting the income of land-ance, it will be sent to all who have heretofore sions expended, in other words almost thrown holders."-[Gen. Farmer.] away, by this imprudent practice, will certainly be missed, and severely felt in the following spring and summer, unless an additional stock of each be laid up to support it in the fall proceeding. The farmer may hire labor in the spring, to get a good crop in due season: in the summer, to secure his grass; and in the fall of the year, to gather in his harvest; but not in the winter, when nothing can be raised, either|| AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, &c. for the use of man or beast. And here I observe, that every Farmer should endeavor to cultivate and take care of his own lands; and not let the profits of them depend on hirelings more than he cannot possibly avoid And he should never work within doors, while any thing can be done to advantage without; nor set himself or his laborers to that work in fair, which can be done in foul weather. On the Management of Pear and Apple Trees, and Keeping Fruit in Winter. By Wм. GRAY. From Transactions of the Horticultural Society in Durham, &c. WHEAT. The Richmond Whig says, one hundred thousand bushels of wheat have been already ground this season, at Chevallie's (Gallego's) Mills. This is more than any other mill here or elsewhere has ever done by the 8th o December. NEW-YORK, JANUARY 5, 1833. NEW-YORK PATENT GUARD RAIL.-We have a it been subscribers to it, that they may see it in its new dress. And it is the particular desire of the editor that those who wish to continue it, and have not already done so, will acknowl. edge its receipt by forwarding us three dollars FREE OF POSTAGE, that we may, as soon as possible, know whether to keep up its present appearance, or to make it as heretofore, a Railroad Journal and Advocate of Internal Improvements only. **Those who do not wish to continue it number. This number will be sent to the mem seen within a day or two, a newly invented iron will please to return this number to us, under a edge rail, for Railroads, by a gentleman of this good envelope, as we wish to preserve every city, which, we have little doubt, will be found of great utility. Its peculiar advantages, as set forth by the Patentee, are, first, its great strength in proportion to the material used-bers of Congress and of the Legislatures of 2d, its economy, not only in its own cost, but the different states now in session, who are realso in the cost of sleepers, or supports, upon spectfully solicited to become subscribers themIn winter pruning I cut all the long weak which the rail rests--one third, or one half of selves, and then to forward this number to spurs, leaving the strong faithful buds in a regu- them being dispensed with,--and 3d, its safety such of their friends as they think may also be lar manner. When my trees are in flower in if a rail is broken, which sometimes occurs by induced to patronize the work. Each subthe spring, and a frosty night happens, I wash blow or other accident-as even when broken scriber will receive from the first number of the blow next morning, before sun-rise, with cold water, throwing the water gently on the may still be used until another can be inserted. this volume, and also the first volume, either in sheets or bound, if he desires. flower with the squirt, which washes the frost Two rails, made upon this plan, were placed on rind off, and keeps the flower from being hurt. sleepers or bearings eight feet from centre to When the fruit gets the size of a pigeon's egg centre, and sustained ten tons weight without I thin them to two on each spur; by doing so I seldom have any that drop off, and those left on injury. get larger. The superabundant wood that the It has been examined by several eminent trees make in summer, I shorten back to three | Engineers and scientific gentlemen, who, we eyes in the end of June, by which means the sap are informed, consider it a very valuable imflows to the fruit and spurs for the next season; when these three eyes have grown a few joints, provement, and if we may be allowed, with our I stop them again, and when done growing I cut limited acquaintance with such matters, to exthem close out, that the spurs for next season press an opinion, it would accord entirely with may get the free sun and air. I see some who those already expressed by gentlemen every let this superabundant wood grow on their trees until August, and the sap of the tree flowing to way competent to decide. We are promised a these useless shoots causes the fruit to be small, more particular description, with a drawing of it, which we shall lay before our readers at the earliest period possible. and weakens the buds for next season. To our friends of the PRESS we would tender our thanks for their liberality towards the Journal. It was altogether unexpected, and therefore the more gratifying. Of those with whom we exchange, we would ask the insertion of our list of contents, as our only object in exchanging at all is to circulate as widely as possible such information as may tend to the general improvement of our country, and in some small degree to reciprocate the favors received from the corps editorial, and not for papers in return, as we have the use of over one hundred and fifty different papers weekly, from all parts of the countrybesides those received in exchange for the Journal. To the Editor of the Rail Road Journal : DEAR SIR-I send you a meteorological journal kept in this city, for the week ending on the 31st of December, When I observe the fruit on the trees to change from the dark green to a clear blush, I take them carefully from the tree, and lay a bass mat on the We understand that two distinguished engiground, and spread the fruit thereon. I let them neers and practical Railroad builders, who have remain in the sun about three days, which takes been for several years constantly engaged on one that moisture out of them that causes them to sweat, and they will keep longer when treated of the most extensive railroads in this country, in this manner than when taken from the tree are now disengaged. Their services would be exand immediately stored. When stored I find ceedingly valuable to Railroad Companies about which, if you should think worthy of insertion, will probastraw the best thing to lay them in. to commence operations. We shall with plea-bly be continued from time to time, with as much regularisure give such information as we are in pos-ty as my avocations will allow. ON THE SELECTION OF SEEDS.-There are but few farmers who do not readily admit the session of, if applied to upon the subject. It may be proper to remark that a leading object of this record is to assist in furnishing the means for tracing geoimportance of selecting the very best varieties The London Mechanics' Magazine for Octo-graphically, and in the order of time, the principal pheof seeds, which he intends to plant or sow; still, there are but very few who give it the necessary ber has just come to hand. It contains several nomena and changes of our climate. Investigations in the attention. There are many sorts of seeds which highly interesting articles, amongst them is an department of physical meteorology, it is believed, would do not require so much nicety in their selection engraving and account of BRAITHWAIT'S Steam be greatly aided by records of this kind, obtained from difas others; but, still there are none but should ferent parts of the United States and the neighboring counfire engine, the COMET, made expressly for the receive their due portion of attention--and no vatries. riety but will amply reward for the labor be-King of Prussia. We shall endeavour to give stowed, both in the quality and quantity of the it with the engraving in our next, with others returns. The superiority of which, from this of interest. To promote this object an entry is made every four hours from 6 A. M. to 10 P. M., and the intermediate changes of the wind or weather are also noticed. The The thermometer is placed in the open air, but in a shelter- C. strength or velocity of the wind is denoted by the use of the barometer has been carefully adjusted by a common Thirteen observations of the clouds made while the thermometer was below the freezing point, resulted as follows: from east to south 1;-from south to west 6;-from west to north 6. Barometer highest on the 30th, 30.67-lowest on the 18th, 29.17. Range 1 1-2 inches. METEOROLOGICAL RECORD, FOR THE WEEK ENDING MONDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1832. 27A. M Oct... 1 611 68) 64] NW 6 67 71 77 N 7 69 741 78 E 13 74 79 76 SE 14 74 79 65 NE R CI 14 55 61 57 NW 2.1 62 64156) N 25 54 63 61 N Fr 26 53 61 56 NE Fr 27 53 64 58 E Fr Weather and Remarks. Nov.. 28 52 63 58 N Fr Cy Fr WNW clear 13 54 62 57 SW Fr 27 6 a. m. 29.84 2 p. m. .97 30.04 .15 38 .18 34 29 6 a. m. .13 32 28 6 a. m. 10 p. m. 10 60602696 10 10 .20 2 p. m. .23 33 .40 29 69 10 27 Thermometer. 46 24 SW --at 9 thin smoky scud from ESE "clouds at 9 from wsw [COMMUNICATED FOR THE NEW-YORK AMERICAN.] METEOROLOGICAL RECORD. Barometer. Highest. Lowest. WINDS. NE-NW-ENE WEATHER. Rain early-cloudy, high wind-clear at night. Rain. Cloudy day-clear night. Clear inorning-cloudy afternoon and night Cloudy-rain at night. Heavy rain. 2) SW-W Cloudy. 151 Heavy rain. Calm-E❜ly SSW-NNE Misty morning-rain at noon-clear at 4, p. m. Fair morning-overcast at 2, p m.---rain at 8, p.m. 6129.90 29.85] R IR 48 56 29.73 29.76 RR 46 55 29.7 29.65 FrR 50 59 29.73 29.72 Fr R 51 60 29.87 30.00 FriFr 52 56 30.03 30.06 Fr Fr 52 62 30.01 30.03 Fr Fr 45 68 30.2 30.25 Fir 44 61 20.42 30.37 FriFr 67 59 30.02 29.86 RR 56 60 29.63 29.75 FrFr 47 58 29.98 30.07 Fr Fr 42 62 30.12 30.16 FriFr 43 53 30.21 30.2 Fr Fr 32 42 30.42 30.44 F Fr 38 60 30.43 30.2 F Fr 47 60 29.98 29.90 F Fr 60 60 29.97 30.19 Fi Fr 38 56 30.29 30.12 F1 R 56 65 30.23 30.16 FR 43 57 30.15 30.27 Fr Fr 35 62 30.32 30.2 F Fr 45 49 29.93 30.0: RR 35 50 29.98 30.03 R Fr 85 40 30.16 30.31 Fr Fr 23 10 50.45 30.49 F1 Fr 39 50 30.35 30.20 R Fr 330 30.39 30.45 F Fr 27 46 30.50 30.48 Fr Fr 31 54 30.42 30.31 F1 Fr 37 46 30.23 30.17 Fr Fr 52 55 30.04 25.87 Fr R 46 44 29.93] 30.18 Fr Fr 36 46 30.2 30.23 F Fr 40 47 30.21 30.19 R Fr 41 46 30.17 30.29 FiFr 30 37 30.4 29.97 FSn 35 31 27.79 29.93 F1 Fr 21 31 30.1: 30.15 F Fr 30 36 30.03 29.78 F1 Fr 35 32 29.68 29.66 Fr Fr 32 43 9.73 29.89 Fr Fr 31 45 30.03 29.93 F Fr 35 48 29.74 29.69 Fr Fr 22 22 29.63 29.83 FrFr 12 18 30.1: 30 18 F Fr 236 30.33 30.26 Fr Fr 32 45 30.31 30.25 Fr Fr 35 40 30.09 30.00 RR 34 26 29.87 29.63 R R 35 26 29.48 29.85 Fr Fr 13 25 30.47 30.38 F1 Fr 22 30 29.96 21.85 Fr Sn 29 31 29.76 2).71 Fr Sn 20 28 29.85 29.8 FilSn 22 32 30.03 30.12 Fr Fr 32 36 30.07 29.95 SR 3:32 29.88 29.93 R Fr 29 38 30.03 29.99 R Fr 19 21 29.96 30.18] Fr Fr 15 18 30.23 29.99 Fr Sn SUMMARY. Murder. Considerable excitement prevailed on Thursday inthe lower part of the city, in consequence of its becoming known that a man had been found murdered on board the schooner Andrew Jackson, commanded by Capt. Avery, lying at the pier No 13, in the Easr River. Between nine and ten o'clock in the morning, an individual having occasion to go on board the above vessel, perceived lying at the foot of the Cabin stairs the body of a man dead, bearing the marks of having been inhumanly murdered. It appeared that it was the corpse of the chief mate, Arthur Miller, a young man, a native of London, of the age of about 22 years and of extremely steady and temperate habits. He was in the habit of sleeping on board the vessel for the purpose of preventing depredations being committed on it, and had been seen about nine o'clock the preceding evening in Water street, when it is supposed he was going to the vessel. His body presented a most horrid spectacle IIe had been stabbed in the ear with a dirk or knife; the lower jaw was severed from the face with an axe, deep gashes covered the face and head, in short, the whole presented a scene of blood almost indescribable. A chest in the cabin had been broken open and a new blue cloth coat and pantaloons taken out.-The axe with which some of the blows, no doult had been inflicted, was placed standing up in a corner. A Coroner's jury sat on the body during the day, and the police were actively engaged in endeavoring to discover the perpetrators of this barbarous mur. der, but at a late hour last night, no clue had been found by which the assassin could be traced. It is supposed that the unfortunate man, on going on board his vessel, found some one in the cabin robbing it, as he was not undressed, and had but one sleeve of his jacket off: that he grappled with him, and that he was a powerful man, a desperate struggle ensued, in which his pantaloons, vest and shirt were torn in tatters.-[Courier and Enquirer.] |