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London Mechanics' Institution.

[From the

Is it then too much, I ask, to expect that when the steam engine is our motive power culture, to plough, to harrow, and to reap, on roads, and extends its blessings to agri-that then corn restrictions will be nugatory, -that then we shall have abundance at home,

bell. Having set the hand of the clock A to||instrument at the expense of the Government, be extended to a thread of 17,000 yards, and the division I, that of B to III, and that of C but he has not directly or indirectly received this by the close and diligent application of to II, pull the string of clock A, which will the slightest pecuniary compensation for his a man for the whole day. But by steam strike one; pull that of clock B, which will services. power, a pound of fine cotton can now be exstrike three, and at the same time, in consetended into a thread of 167 miles long, with quence of the mechanism we have referred to the attendance of a mere child. London Farmer's Magazine.] above, will advance the hand of A three divi. Mr. Alexander Gordon concluded his short sions. Pull the string of C, which will strike two and advance the hand of B two divisions, day night. The following is his conclusion: course of lectures on steam carriages on Fri or to Division V. Let this operation be reWhy, then, it is always asked, are steam peated: A will then strike four; B will strike five, and in so doing will advance the hand of carriages not running already on the highA five divisions; and C will again strike two,//way, if the advantages be so great? Igno-and may even export our corn? The cases rance is the reason. You must remember, are analogous. The results of machinery very few know any-thing of a steam engine; will be similar. their business, their habits, their pleasures, I cannot close this short course without venture to believe, that even in well educatheir urgent duties, have prevented them. thanking you for your attention, and expressted society there is not 1 in 200 who knows ed in the subject. It is a momentous one. ing my delight that I have found you interestthe squares of the natural numbers; and this wherein consists the difference of a high-I have only shown you a meagre outline; pressure steam-engine and a low-pressure you will find much to fill it up with by allow steam engine. It has not been necessary for ing it space in your thoughts. them to know.

at the same time advancing the hand of B two divisions. Again pull A, and it will strike nine; B will strike seven, and C two. If now those divisions struck, or pointed at by the clock A, be attended to and written down, it will be found that they produce a series of

will be the more evident, if the operation be

continued further than we have carried it. Such a series could of course be extended by this mechanism only so far as the three first figures; but this may be sufficient to give some idea of the construction, and was in fact, Mr. Babbage states, the point to which the first model of his calculating engine was

directed.

In order to convey some idea of the powe

of this stupendous machine, we may mention
the effects produced by a small trial engine
constructed by the inventor, and by which he
computed the following table from the formula
x2+x+41. The figures, as they were calcu-
lated by the machine, were not exhibited to
the eye as in sliding-rules and similar instru-
ments, but were actually presented to it on two
opposite sides of the machine, the number 383,
for example, appearing in figures before the
person employed in copying. The following
table was calculated by the engine referred to:
41 131 383 797 1373
43 151 421 853 1447
47 173 461 911 1523
53 197 583 971 1601
61 223 547 1033 1681
71 251 593 1097 1763
83 281 641 1163 1847
97 313 691 1231 1933
113 347 743 1301 2021

I

the committee of the House of Commons Let me remind you, that the decision of was conclusive in every particular, that "the steam carriage is one of the most important improvements ever introduced."

You know very well that you cannot pass sole of your foot, and detect any piece of dress your hand from the crown of your head to the which is not directly or indirectly the produce cated society might be puzzled to say with the mechanic, was an illiterate weaver, he reof steam labor. Yet 1 in 200 of well eduLet me remind you, that though Hargraves, certainty that steam had been instrumental in volutionized the cotton trade. any part of their dress. Did they but know bers of the Mechanics' Institution, having what it can do. That mighty agent, which sand times more able in this instance to what it has done, they might speculate on that knowledge which is power, are a thouat the word of the Omnipotent removes hills and overturns mountains, exalts valleys, and change the customs of the age. Hargraves contended single-handed; but here we can unite.

may

in the "wreck of matter and the crush of
rends the earth, which be instrumental]
worlds," when lent to man does weave a fa-
bric delicate in texture as the gossamer's web.

How few know that in one factory alone
miles in length, and yet so delicate that your
steam spins in a single day thread 60,000
breath would break its continuity.

Still we are told that steam carriages will never do the country any good.

It were a curious but a fair analogy to draw betwixt cotton productions and agricultural productions. In the former it does every thing-in the latter, what? Had not this beneficent agent been extended to us, our cotton and other manufactures would now be requiring protecting duties to encourage home While the machine was occupied in calcu- production. The steam engine renders such lating this table, a friend of the inventor under- unnecessary, and we have not only abuntook to write down the numbers as they ap-dance at home, but a ready market abroad. peared. In consequence of the copyist wri- India was formerly our rival in cotton ting quickly, he rather more than kept pace fabrics. How has the steam engine altered with the engine at first, but, as soon as five the case! Now, although at Calicut (the figures appeared, the machine was at least place that gives calico its name), in the East equal in speed to the writer. At another tri- Indies, labor costs only 1-7th of what it does in al, thirty-two numbers of the same table were England, we are enabled, I may say, by the calculated in the space of two minutes and steam engine, to card, spin, and weave Calithirty seconds, and as these contained eighty-cut-gown cotton at Manchester, to dye it, to two figures, the engine produced thirty-three print it, and, after affixing the Oriental mark, figures every minute, or more than one figure we export it again to India. Not only is the in every two seconds. On a subsequent occa- cheap labor of the natives of no avail; we sion, it produced 44 figures per minute; and rival them in their own market, after a carthis rate of computation could be maintained riage of 28,000 miles, and they cannot tell for any length of time.

the difference of the article.

But the mem

Now let each costermonger's wretched
horse remind you of what horses suffer.
that the effective tractive power of the horse
Let each quick-going stage remind you
is, by the speed which obtains, reduced to a
mere fraction, and is maintained at a loss of

physical power equal to 88 per cent. That
the horses employed for every coach plying
betwixt London and Birmingham are 100 in
the food of 800 human beings.
number, and that they do, in reality, consume

Let each pair of post-horses remind you
that they consume the food of three fat oxen;
in short, that the horses of the country con-
sume the food of 16,000,000 of our fellow
load of emigrants, remember that, twist the
creatures. And when you hear of a ship-
case as you may, still the affecting truth will
meet your inquiries-they are torn from home,
country, kindred, and friends, to leave a suf-
of their food.
ficiency for the now unproductive consumers

History seems to point exultingly to the record of mechanics, and radiant with splendor shines the name of their philanthropic founBirkbeck) has set you an example, and you der. Our excellent President (Dr. Geo. will dim the lustre of his name if

remain you silent or inactive spectators of this master movement in mechanics. Nay, you will be

tray a lack of sound philosophy and humanity,-a want of feeling for your starving fellow man, as well as a disregard for the appointments of our Maker.

It may be proper to add, that Mr. Babbage Corn can as certainly be produced for less stated to the editor of this work, that he con- than 60s. in England. The anticipations of sidered the powers of his machine as scarcely the future are strongly connected with the his- OGLE'S STEAM CARRIAGE.-On Saturday at all developed-indeed, that the automaton tory of the past. We see the dawn of bright-morning last, Mr. N. Ogle, accompanied by was yet but in its infancy. If such be the er things for renovated England,-not an ob- Mr. Baggage, Mr. C. Bisheoff, and several childhood of this gigantic engine, what may scure indication, but a distinct appearance. other gentlemen, proceeded from the Bazaar we not expect from its maturity? There is a **** Agricultural produce costs in Eng-in Portman street, to the residence of Mr. general belief that this gentleman has received land twice the sum it does on the continent. Rothschild on Stamford hill. The distance a large parliamentary grant as a reward for The question then is,-Can it be produced of seven miles was accomplished, notwithhis invention; this is, however, a vulgar error. for less? Certainly. We remember that standing the crowded state of the roads, in He has superintended the construction of the 60 years ago a pound of cotton could only 81 minutes.-[True Sun.]

METEOROLOGICAL RECORD, KEPT IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK.

For the Week ending Monday, April 22d, 1833.

[Communicated for the American Railroad Journal and Advocate of Internal Improvements.]

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Weather and Remarks.

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creased by giving it a quicker stroke. The engine is destined, in particular, for the protection of the Royal Palace, the Cathedral, Museum, new Sufferance Warehouses and Courthouse, the Governor's Palace, his Majesty's Palace, that of her Grace the Princess of Lignitz, the Life-Guard House, the Finance Ministry Office, the Academy for Singing, the University, the Palaces of the Queen of the Netherlands and of his Royal Highness Prince William, the Library, the Office of the Minister of the Interior for Trade, &c., the Opera House, and the Royal buildings in Burg street.

For the supply of the great quantity of water necessary for the engine, cast iron suction pipes are to be laid under the pavement, with plugs to which the suction of the engine may be fixed. In consequence of this arrangement, the engine may be used as well for extinguishing the fire itself as for supAs there plying other engines with water. are 400 feet of hose belonging to it, the water may even by that means be conveyed to great distances; and a large plane may be protected by placing the engine into a circle, the radius of which is 400 feet. Finally, it is scarcely necessary to observe how advan tageous the application of steam is for work. ing fire engines, whether they be on barges or fair-thin cirri, highly eleva- carriages; in the first case without exception -in the latter where there is no want of water. The time of 13 or 20 minutes, which the generating of steam requires, with small or larger engines, is no drawback to their utility, as steam is generated whilst the horses are being put in, and while the suction is being connected to the water pipes by engines on carriages. The engine requires an engi

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Account of the Arrival of the "Comet" Fire-trade, traffic, and building, has had a similar neer, a stoker, and one to four men to attend Engine at Berlin, and of the Experiments engine, but of still greater power, made by to the hose. It saves the strength of 42 to there made with it. [From the Allgemeine Messrs. Braithwaite & Co It works by an 105 men, according to its size, from six to Prensische Staats-Zeitung, for Dec. 2, engine of 15-horse power, and is the first of fifteen horse power; it does not tire, works 1832.] its size made at their manufactory. The regularly, and requires no relief. The dimi

AGRICULTURE, &c.

To the many useful applications of steam makers have named it the "Comet. There nution of a crowd, which is so disagreeable power which have been witnessed of late were several trials made of it to-day on the at a fire, and of the space necessary for many years, we have now to add that of working Building-ground of the Court-marshall office, small engines-the greater distance from the fire engines by steam. The merit of having in University street, which proved equally sa-fire in which this engine may be placed, and first manufactured such an engine is due to tisfactory with those made for two whole days the simplification of directing firemen's exerMessrs. Braithwaite & Co., of London.-at London. The engine consists of two ho-tions,-are certainly undeniable advantages. This machine, which consists of a 6-horse rizontal 10 inch double-acting pumps, which If, therefore, even the application of steam power steam engine, and the pumps worked arc worked by two small steam engines of the fire engines by land may be with us but small, thereby, rests upon a carriage, which can ca-united power of 15 horses. The pumps, en-as sufficient water can only be produced near sily be drawn by two horses, and, in conse-gines, and boiler, with connectors, rest on rivers or canals, (there being no water-works,) quence of the peculiar construction of the four of Jones's (of London) patent wheels, the utility of these engines must call for steam boiler, can be brought into action in the (cast iron boxes, with wrought iron spokes their general adoption in barges, where there course of thirteen minutes. Its effects are and rims,) and can, notwithstanding the im-is no such impediment. extraordinary; and its utility has been alrea- mense weight of four tons, (when the boiler dy exemplified at several large fires in Lon- is charged,) be easily drawn by four horses don, among which may be mentioned the Ar-on a paved road. Those patent wheels are TURNING IN CLOVER FOR A WHEAT CROP.gyll Rooms in Regent street-English Opera on the same principle as those with which the House, Strand-and, lastly, the celebrated Artillery Company at Woolwich have made, which is the most important of all crops to the I shall in this essay treat of the wheat crop, brewery of Messrs. Barclay, Perkins & Co. according to the United Service Journal, such farmer. A man who has one hundred acres of On the last occasion the engine particularly satisfactory experiments. In the course of cleared land, of common quality, ought to raise distinguished itself; and after the fire, and 20 minutes from lighting the fire in the boiler, on an annual average one thousand bushels of the total loss of the steam engine and pump-the engine was started, and made then 20 to||merchantable wheat, and also rye, corn, oats, ing apparatus, it was of extraordinary service 25 strokes per minute. The pumps being 10 and potatoes, sufficient to defray the expenses to the proprietors of the brewery in pumping, inches diameter, they will draw, with 25.14 of carrying on the farming. The wheat crop for 25 days, the beer brewed in the part of the strokes, 57 cubic feet per minute, or 3,130 should always be clear gain. Don't startle at this, farmer; if you do, it is building that was saved, to the vats, 50 feet cubic feet per hour, and throw it through the a sure sign of the improper manner in which above the level of the street. hose to great heights and distances. To the you manage your farm. A man who has a As the double-acting pump of the engine, air chamber there may be fixed four sets of farm of one hundred acres of cleared land, which is worked by a 6-horse steam engine, is hose, which can be used together or sepa-can yearly put forty acres of it in wheat, and 6 inches diameter, and makes 30.14 inches rately. By using one hose, and a jet of 14 if the land be in order as it should be, and as double strokes per minute, it can pump in a inch diameter, the water was thrown verti every farmer may have it, every acre of the day of 10 hours, 8,640 cubic feet, and, in 25 cally to the surprising height of 120 feet; forty will give twenty-five bushels, amounting days, 216,000 cubic feet, English measure, to and at an angle of 45° to 50°, to a distance in the whole forty to one thousand. I shall now shew how land must be farmed in order the height of 50 feet. of 164 feet. The effects of this engine are to produce in this way. Never break your accordingly very great, and can even be in-land before harvest and stir it after, as is cus

The Prussian Ministry of the Interior for

see Farmer.]

On the Cultivation of Bees in Single Hives
and Dwelling Houses.

DR. THATCHER'S HIVE.

ed in the following manner: Boil them about one hour in clear water; then drain off the water, and while hot put them into another quantity of water with a little milk and a turnip. Boil them in this water until they become soft, and apply the usual dressing.

We believe this process of cooking onions is not generally known, and having obtained it from an experienced person, whose skill in the art of cookery is amply proved by her table, we recommend the mode to our female friends, as worthy their attention.

TO BOIL VEGETABLES.-Vegetables should tomary with many farmers. Much ploughing||oil cake. They required no drink. The turimpoverishes land and is productive of no good nips thus fed produced me about $75.—[Gene-be perfectly covered with water when boiling, and no time should be lost in draining them effects. Your wheat ground must be heavily the moment they are cooked through. set in clover, and broken up after harvest with Potatoes should remain in the hot vessel unthree horses, when the seed in the clover is til the water retained in them has evaporated. ripe. By thus turning clover down after harGreen vegetables should never be put into vest, when the seed is ripe, it will never miss The following cuts represent Dr. Thatchthe water until it boils. They ought to be boilcoming up in the spring, which frequently is the case when sown in the spring with seed. er's hive, which is considered altogether pre-ed quick while uncovered, and removed from You also save between forty and fifty dollars ferable to any that has yet been brought be the water just as soon as they are cooked worth of seed annually, which it would take to fore the public. For the description and through. Onions will be very fine and free sow your ground. When clover is ploughed drawing, we are indebted to Dr. Smith's from that unpleasant strong taste, when cookdown after harvest, before you seed the field, treatise on the raising of bees in cities. you must harrow it with a light harrow the way you have ploughed it, in order to level the ground and prevent the seed when sown from rolling between the furrows, and coming up in rows. Never plough your seed in with shovels, nor harrow it in across the ploughing, when you have turned down clover after harvest, lest you raise the clover, but always harrow it in by twice harrowing with light harrows the Fig. 1. This is a view in outline of a very way you have broken up your ground. Many farmers have ploughed down clover once, and valuable hive. The box is to be from one foot finding that their crop was not bettered by it, to twenty inches square. A back view, as prebut injured as they believed, have never at-sented in the above diagram, shows that there FRENCH AND ENGLISH AGRICULTURE, COMtempted it again. This is almost invariably the amount of animate and inanimate power applied case the first time clover is ploughed down af is a horizontal floor passing through the middle, PARED.-The following comparative, showing the ter harvest, especially if the fall be dry and the dividing it into two equal apartments. In the to agriculture and commerce in France and Great winter frigid and close. In turning clover down lower, are cross bars for suspending the comb, Britain, is given by Mr. Charles Dupin. He takes you necessarily must plough the ground deep, as common to all hives. In the upper room, the population of France at 31,800,000, and Engand the first time you do it you turn up the clay, which being unmixed with manure of are two drawers, side by side, as represented, land and Scotland at 15,000,000. Applied to Agriculture in France. any sort on top, it is in a bad state to sow just filling the whole space. Through the bot21,056,667 equal to 8,406,038 wheat in. The wheat after some time will tom of these drawers, are small orifices, cor-Human race, sprout and come up, but will look yellow and responding with two others through the hori- Horses, very spindling. Its roots, after some time, will zontal flooring. Thus, it will be clearly under- Oxen and cows, get down among the unrotted clover, and there will choak, and for want of moisture a great stood, when the drawers are entirely in, the deal of the wheat will dwindle away and die. holes will correspond, so that the bees can run The unrotted clover, too, below, will keep the freely from the lower to the upper apartments Applied to Agriculture in England and Scotland. ground loose and springy, so that the frost will or drawers. At the outside extremity of the Human race, 5,000,000 equal to 2,132,446 injure the wheat no little. But when clover is Horses, 2,250,000 ploughed down a second time on a field, those drawers, (the one in sight,) a pane of glass is bad effects to the wheat crop, arising from un-grooved, through which it can be ascertained Oxen, cows, &c. 5,500,000 rotted clover, are not experienced. You then what state of forwardness the deposition of turn up the clover from below, which was honey is in. Outside of that, on a line with the ploughed down before and which is a manure on the top. The seed sown on it now springs box, is a slide door, represented, on the left side, up directly, and before the winter sets in has as raised up, the object of which is to close it, taken deep root, and spread in large green for the exclusion of light. When the drawer is flourishing branches. The clover now turned drawn out, a slip of tin is slid over the lower down rots very soon, in consequence of the rotten clover turned up, which, as manure, al-opening, to keep the bees below. First one ways keeps the ground moist, however dry the drawer, then the other, may be taken out, alter-Mills and hydraulic engines 1,500,000 fall. You may go on now in this way farming:nating, according to circumstances. every time you turn up a coat of clover, turn down one, and your wheat crop will never fail, until your land become so rich that you will have to reduce it with corn.-[Hagerstown Torch-light.]

Asses,

1,600,000

6,973,000
240,000

Effective Laborers.

11,200,000

17,432,000

240,000

Total, 37,278,000

Effective Laborers.

Approximating estimate for Ireland,

8,750,000

13,750,000

24,632,446

7,455,701

Total for the United Kingdon, 32,088,147 Applied to the Arts, Manufacture and Commerce.

Animate force equal to

In France. In Great Britain.
Men power.
Men power.
6,308,019 7,275,497
1,200,000

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BUTTER.-A friend waited on us yesterday, to communicate the result of a process, which had been recommended to him, of restoring Fig. 2. This is a front view of the doctor's with a population of 32,000,000, employs in agributter to its original sweetness. Incredulous as he was, he made the experiment, and he bee-house,-being made large enough to hold culture, the arts, and commerce, a conjoined animate and inanimate power equal to 48,814,390 authorizes us to say it was entirely satisfacto- two hives, as will be noticed by the two lighting| |able men; and that Great Britain, with its popury. It consists simply of churning the butter with sweet fresh milk, in the proportion of about boards: no particular description is necessary, lation, (say 28,000,000,) employs a power equa That the inanimate power ap3 lbs. of the former to half a gallon of the latter. as its shape can be recognized. The door-way to 60,206,$11. Butter, thoroughly rancid, by this simple pro- in the house should exactly correspond with the cess, was rendered sweet and good. Our citi-door-way of the hive, which is put in at the zens, in view of the present scarcity and dearness of butter, of even tolerable quality, will not ail to appreciate this discovery.-[Fredericksburg Arena.]

back side.

FEEDING UPON TURNIPS AND STRAW.-Adam Ferguson gives us, in the Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, the result of feeding two steers twenty-five weeks, upon turnips and straw, the turnips half Swedes, or ruta baga. The steers were half and two-thirds short horned blood. No. 1 gained 406 lbs., No. 2 gained 336 lbs. Fig. 3. The back view of the same house The daily consumption of turnips was about presents folding doors, which open for receiving 200 lbs. per day to each animal. I once fed and removing the hives. Trunk handles, on the four bullocks about seventy days upon ruta baga, at the rate of two bushels each per day. ends, are very important in carrying the whole They ate hardly any thing else, even refusing from place to place.

plied in England and Scotland to agriculture is equal to twelve times the human force, while in France it does not exceed five times; that the inanimate power applied to inanufacture and commerce in Great Britain is four times greater than in France; and that the whole animate and inanimate power engaged in manufacture and commerce in Great Britain is nearly treble the amount of that so occupied in France.

ANIMAL POWER.-Dupin states, that in Great Britain the animal power is eleven times as the manual power, while in France it is only four times as great. Also, that Britain consumes three times as much meat, milk and cheese, as France. In Hanover there are 193 horses to every 1000 inhabitants, 145 in Sweden, 100 in Great Britain, 95 in Prussia, 79 in France.-[Bull. des Sc. Agri.]

ON SETTING WHEAT.-This is a method which

NEW-YORK AMERICAN.
APRIL 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26-1833.
LITERARY NOTICES.

MADDER.—This is an article of great impor- 5th. In orchards upon strong warm land, at is reckoned one of the greatest improvements in tance to manufacturers, in procuring red color- the foot of the Green Mountain, you may find a husbandry that was made during the last cen- ing matter, and it is one which may be raised good proportion of the fruit of a choice quality, tury. profitably by our farmers. Mr. Russel Browson, while trees from the same nursery, transplanted It seems to have been first suggested by plant-of Bridgewater, has published in the New-Eng- to the top of the Green Mountain, uniformly proing grain in a garden for mere curiosity, by per-land Farmer, the method employed by him and duce the worst of fruit. sons who had no opportunity of extending the his neighbors in cultivating it, and we submit the I have been acquainted with the fruit upon the cultivation for profit. This was first attempted following abridgment to our readers, in hopes Green Mountain, through the whole length of it, at Norwich, and a few years after by one of the that it may lead some of them to consider whether and have never found a pleasant natural fruit largest occupiers of land in Norfolk, who set fifty-it would be a profitable business or not. apple. seven acres in one year. His success from the The soil should be rich, deep and loamy; it I would here observe, that a tree grafted or visible superiority of his crop, both in quantity should be ploughed very deep twice in the fall budded in the nursery, will not change the chaand quality, was so great, that in the following and left_rough over winter, and rough again in racter of its fruit by transplanting.—[Utica Senautumn he set 300 acres, and has continued the April. The planting should be done in the latter tinel.] practice ever since. This noble experiment es- part of April, in hills about six feet apart every tablished the practice, and was the means of in-way, with two slips in a hill a foot apart. The troducing it generally among the intelligent far-slips are taken from the old roots in the fall, and mers in a very large district; there being few may be transported any where, and kept by bewho now sow any wheat, if they can procureing buried in a dry piece of ground covered with hands to set it. It has been generally observed three or four inches of earth; when planted, and that although the set crops appear very thin when three inches high, the plot should be weedTHE NATIONAL CALENDAR FOR 1834: Washington, during the autumn and winter, the plants tiller ed and a little earth thrown round the stems of PETER FORCE.-This annual publication, in maintainand spread prodigiously during the spring. The the plants. When six or eight inches high, ploughing its accuracy and usefulness, increases, we may ears are indisputably larger, without dwarfish or and hoe. The tops fall over on the ridges, and hope, as it certainly should, in circulation. It is of small corn; the grain is of a larger bulk, and spe- should be laid each way crosswise, and covered cifically heavier per bushel than when sown. with earth, except the ends or buds; in a few general interest, and should, therefore, be generally The lands on which this method is particularly weeks they may be spread parallel with the ridges, patronized. prosperous, are either after a clover stubble, or and should be wed and covered with more earth, NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Boston, Allen & Tickon which trefoil and grass seed were sown the the last earthing to be in September. spring before the last. These grounds, after the cond season the culture is similar, except that the nor: New-York, C. W. Francis.-These republicausual manuring, are once turned over with the tops do not lop over till they are a foot high. tions of noted London periodicals, are like those of plough in extending flag or turf, at ten inches The earthing should be done in the after part of w.de; along which a man, who is called a dib-, a dry day. The third season pursue the same the Foreign Quarterly and Westminster noticed last bler, with two setting irons somewhat bigger course, except no earthing need be done after the Saturday, cheaper than the originals in price, but less than ramrods, but considerably larger at the first of August, and as soon as the frost has killed sightly, because of their smaller type and double colower end, and pointed at the extremity, steps the tops, the roots should be dug up, washed lumns. Nor, to say truth, do we much like them in backwards along the turf, and makes the holes thoroughly, partially dried in the sun, and com-other respects (we refer to the Magazines, not the about four inches asunder every way, and one pletely dried in a kiln, with a slow heat. The Reviews,) for the substance of them in all that deep. Into these holes the droppers (women, ridges of hills, if well attended to, will be three or boys, and girls,) drop two grains, which are quits four feet broad at the base, and a foot and a half can materially and advantageously affect us, is sufficient. After this, a gate bushed with thorne or two feet high, and completely filled with roots, transferred through many different channels into the is drawn by one horse over the land, and closes which, after washing and drying, should be ground mass of reading presented to Americans. Still, if up the holes. By this mode three pecks of grain in the grist mill, when the madder is ready for there is a demand for the work, let it be met; and it are sufficient for an acre; and being immediately sale. The whole expense of raising, washing, is thus far well met by the publishers of these numburied, are equally removed from vermin or the and grinding, is estimated at 7 cents a pound.bers for January and February. power of frost. The regularity of its rising gives It sells at from 22 to 24 cents, leaving a net prothe best opportunity of keeping it clear from fit of 15 or 17 cents on a pound. An acre will weeds, by weeding or hand hoeing. Setting of yield 1500 pounds, or, converted into money, conducted by BENJ. SILLIMAN, M. D. &c. &c.: Vol. wheat is a method peculiarly beneficial when $255 clear profit. Divide this by three, the num- XXIV. No. 1; April 1833.-New Haven; Hzz. corn is dear; and if the season is favorable, may ber of years requisite in bringing it to maturity, Howe & Co.-The contents of this number are vabe practised with great benefit to the farmer. Sir and it will yield a net annual profit on an acre of ried as usual. The first paper, on the Georgia gold Thomas Beevor, of Hethel Hall, in Norfolk, found ground of $85. This is no dreamy speculation; mines, will attract attention, as speculation in such the produce to be two bushels per acre more than it has been realized for some years by farmers in

The se

BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE.

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ARTS;

from the sown wheat; but having much less Bridgewater, and can be realized by others if property is on the alert. The most striking article smaller corn intermixed with it, the sample is they take up the business. Seed may be obtain-to us is the analysis of Babbage's book on "The Ecobetter, and always fetches a higher price, to the led of those farmers, at the rate of five dollars anomy of Machinery and Manufactures." It furnishamount generally of 2s. per quarter. This me- bushel-about five bushels are required for anes an excellent view of that work. thod, too, saves to the farmer and the public six acre.-[Greenfield Gaz.]

pecks of seed wheat in every acre; which, if ge

nerally adopted, would of itself afford bread for EFFECT OF REMOVING FRUIT TREES.-The more than half a million of people. Add to these facts I shall adduce will be such, and such only, considerations the great support given to the as are capable of being supported by the best poor by this second harvest, as it may be called, testimony.

THE COLONIZATIONIST, AND JOURNAL OF FREEDOM, No, 1; Boston: GEO. W. LIGHT & Co.-The great, the difficult, but the inevitable topic with which this publication is connected-the abject state of the colored population of the United States, and the measures

which enables them to discharge their rents and 1st. I can show that a tree sprang up at a dis-best adapted for bettering it--will, however reluc maintain their families without having recourse tance from a gentleman's house, and was found tant men may be, force itself upon attention more and to the parish. The expense of setting by hand to produce fruit of a superior quality.. The gen-more daily. Great Britain and France are both enis now reduced to about six shillings per acre; tleman removed the tree near to his dwelling,

which, in good weather, may be done by one and in doing it, entirely altered and spoiled the gaged in projects for abolishing slavery in their colodibbler, attended by three droppers, in two days. fruit. nies; and it is certain that slavery will be there aboThis is five shillings per day; of which, if the 2d. A gentleman was showing me his orchard lished. This country-afflicted by the same blight dibbler gives to the children sixpence each, he of about one hundred trees, perhaps more. He and curse--cannot if she would look on with folded will have himself 3s. 6d. for his day's work, which told me that the seeds from which that orchard arms, while such things are passing at her threshold is more than he can earn by any other labor so sprang were all taken from an excellent sweet and hence we see with pleasure this periodical, easy to himself. But if he have a wife who dib-apple; and that in his orchard he had sixteen which promises to conduct its discussions with calmbles with him, and two or three of his own trees precisely the same as the original apple. I children to drop to him, his gains will then be asked him if he was careful to set the tree in the ness and in a spirit of charity. Never were they very important, and enough to insure a plenty of orchard as it stood in the nursery? He told me more needed, or can they be more welcome, for fana. candidates for that work, even in the least popu- he did, as near as he could without a compass. ticism may here be of incalculable evil. lous parts of the country. But the profit of this Probably with the sixteen he hit the mark. method, in seasons when seed corn is very cheap, or the autumn particularly unfavorable to the practice, must certainly be lessened.

Sd. I know a man who raised a nursery from the seeds of a black gilliflower. He transplanted the trees without any regard to the position of This, then, is one of the improved methods of them in the nursery, and not one of them was farming which the Agricultural Employment In- like the parent. But one that was permitted to stitution ought to adopt. Transplanting wheat remain in the nursery, proved to be a perfect is another source of employment for the redun-black gilliflower. dant poor, the beneficial results of which may be seen at the Exhibition of Arts, Charing Cross, sent there by Mr. E. J. Lance, of Lewisham. [British Farmer's Magazine.]

4th. I know three trees, now standing in a row, and all produce precisely the same fruit. No one at this day knows what was the quality of the fruit from which the seeds were taken.

CRUDEN'S CONCORDANCE TO THE NEW TESTAMENT;

New York, D. APPLETON.-This little pocket volume
very neatly printed, is an abridgment for the New
Testament alone of the large Concordance of Alex.
Cruden, and will be found convenient in all families.

BOYS' AND GIRLS' LIBRARY OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. No. VI.-New York: J. & J Harper.-Natural His. tory forms the subject of this number; or rather that portion of Natural History embraced in the habits and formation of the smaller animals and insects

In no other instance was the homage which Tasso|| some monthly. Bourdeaux has five daily newspapers Instruction is agreeably imparted in a series of Con-] versations, and the striking objects,--such, for in- loved to pay to high-born beauty repaid with ingrati- and one weekly. Contrast Liverpool in England tude; all his life seems to have been an object of af- with this, which has not a single daily paper. Lyons stance, as the air-exhausting apparatus of the fly's fectionate interest to women. They, in his misery, foot--are presented in wood cuts, magnified, as stood not aloof, but ministered to him the oil and has four daily papers, two tri-weekly, and one weekly when seen through a microscope. This little volume balm, which soothed his vexed and distempered-Rouen has four daily papers, one semi-weekly and cannot fail to interest and improve the young read-spirit. The Countess of Sala and Scandiano never one monthly-Havre has two daily, one weekly, and forgot him. Lucretia Bendidio, who had married into the Machiavelli family, sent him in his captivity

ers for whom it is designed.

value.

THE COLD WATER MAN, or Pocket Companion for the Temperate, is the title of a little volume, which examines the pros and cons of of the Temperance Cause, with a conclusion, of course, as its name denotes, against any use of ardent spirits.

one monthly.

impetus given to the public press in France, what hope can there be of maintaining any doctrines which imply right or superiority in any one portion of mankind-whether kings, priests or nobles-to rule

In Paris, thirty-one daily papers are published-of A TREATISE ON OPTICS, by Sir DAVID BREWSTER.all the consolation she could bestow, or he receive. First American Edition, with an Appendix containing The Duchess of Urbino (Lucretia d'Este,) was mu- which two are evening, three midday, and the renificently kind to him. The young Princess of Man-mainder morning publications—leaving 186 periodian Elementary View of the Application of Analysis tua, she for whom he wrote his "Torrismondo," cals more, recurring at less than two months interto Reflection and Refraction, by D. M. BACHE, A. M.loaded him with courtesy and proofs of her regard. Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, in He was ill at the Court of Mantua, after his release val and mostly weekly or monthly, to fill up the sum the University of Pennsylvania, &c. Philadelphia: from Ferrara; and her exertions to procure him a of 217. copy of Euripides, which he wished to consult, (an According to a circular dated the 15th February Carey, Lea, & Blanchard. This is the approved anecdote cited somewhere, as a proof of the rarity from the Directors of the Office of Correspondence, work of an approved Philosopher, with additions by of the book at that time,) is also a proof of the intea distinguished Professor of our own country, and as rest and attention with which she regarded him. It whence we received the statement of the French such will be welcomed by those whose scientific happened when he was at the Court of the Duke Ur-press, "more than one hundred journals or periodipursuits and attainments enable them to judge of its bino, that he had to undergo a surgical operation; cals have been established within the past year, and the sister of the Duke, the young and beautiful chiefly in provincial towns." With such activity and Lavinia di Rovera, prepared the bandages, and applied them with her own fair and princely hands ;a little instance of affectionate interest, which Tasso has himself commemorated. If then we do not find Leonora publicly appearing as the benefactress of Tasso, and using her influence over her brother in his behalf, is it not a presumption that she was im- the rest? We cheerfully comply with the request of Messrs. plicated in his punishment? What comfort or kindness she could have granted, must, under such cir-Bresson and Bourgoin, to insert the following notice : cumstances, have been bestowed with infinite preMessrs. Bresson and Bourgoin, Directors of "the caution; and, from gratitude and discretion, as Newspaper Correspondence Office," established in carefully concealed. We know, that after the first Paris three years ago, have just published a new stayear of his confinement, Tasso was removed to a less tistical table presenting for the year 1833, the authengloomy prison; and we know that Leonora died a tic list of all the papers and periodicals which are pub. few weeks afterwards; but what share she might lished in France. The utility of such a publication have had in procuring this mitigation of his suffering, cannot be overrated. we do not know; nor how far the fate of Tasso might| have affected her so as to hasten her own death. we are to argue upon probabilities, without any preponderating proof, in the name of womanhood and charity, let it be on the side of indulgence; let us not believe Leonora guilty, but upon such authority as never has been, and I trust never can be produced.

It is an earnest and somewhat coarse appeal, against the evils of drunkenness; and is upon the whole less temperate in its honest and well-meant zeal, than a preacher of temperance of any sort should be. There are certain minds, however, to which such language is not repulsive-and with those it may do good. It is for sale at the office of the City Temperance Society, 129 Nassau street.

If

MEMOIR OF THE LOVES OF THE POETS; by the Authoress of the Diary of an Ennuyée; 1st American, from the 2d London edition; 2 vols.: New York, J & J. HARPER.-Here we have again two charming volumes from the pen of Mrs. Jameson, whom we had so recent an opportunity of warmly praising for her The partiality we speak of, is most strongly shown "Characteristics of Women." It is in honor of her in the manner in which Laura's conduct to Petrarch own sex, and to illustrate the influence women have is justified-conduct, which must, we fear, man be. exercised over, and the immortality they have re-ing the judge, be pronounced the result of cold, calceived from, the greatest names in ancient and mo-culating, deliberate coquetry. In the second volume dern poetry, that this tasteful champion again takes justice is done upon the odious treatment by Swift of the field. In the course of the biographical sketches his Stella and Vanessa; and none can gainsay the which are here given, many charming literary anec. dotes, beautiful poetical portraits, and amusing incidents connected with illustrious names, are brought together and worked with skill, and soothe to say, with some partiality, into one swelling tribute to the worth and just influence of women. As an instance

sentence passed by this female judge upon the con-
duct towards two of the loveliest and most devoted
of her devoted sex, of one, whom, on this occasion,
But we must take
manhood too must scorn.
leave of these volumes, which will have many readers.
SELECTIONS FROM THE WRITINGS OF MRS. SARAH

SUMMARY.

[From the Baltimore Patriot.]

CUMBERLAND, (Md.) April 15, 1833. Fire at Cumberland.-Mr. Munroe: I hasten to inform you of the calamitous fire which occurred to our town yesterday. The fire broke out about 10 o'clock, P. M. and before many minutes, not less than a cabinet maker's shop in the north part of the centre 15 or 20 houses were in a blaze. It commenced in of the town, and the wind being high, it soon communicated to other buildings, and was not checked in its ravages until about 75 houses, comprising the very number of families are now without homes, most of heart of our town, were in ruins, and more than that them not even saving more than the clothing upon their backs. I have not time to give you a list of even the principal sufferers. Our loss is great. But one store remains in the town, (Bruce & Beall's) and their loss is considerable. The three principal Hotels are burnt, and both Printing-Offices. I have nothing Most of the saved but my books and accounts.

of the skill referred to, we would point to the man- HALL, Author of Conversations on the Bible.-1 vol. //houses burnt were brick and two story log buildings.

ner in which the story of Leonora D'Este is told, and Philadelphia: Harrison Hall.--The previous publi-
the impression which it leaves upon the mind, that cation of Mrs. Hall met with so much favor as
the woman loved with all the fervor of such a soul as to go at once through several editions. This se-
as Tasso's, was not insensible or indifferent to the lection from her lighter papers is a posthumous tri-
inhuman outrage inflicted by her brother upon the
poet lover, of confining him as a lunatic. We will
let the author speak for herself on this point:

hereafter.

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Yours, S. CHARLES, Editor Civilian.' FIRE IN CUMBERLAND.-An Extra from the office of the Hagarstown Torch Light, communicates some further particulars. A meeting of the inhabitants of Cumberland was held on the fifteenth instant, and a committee appointed to draft on address to the people of the United States, in behalf of the sufferers, who are as follows:

George Hoblitzell, 3 or 4 houses: Joseph Everstine 3 do; George Wincow 1 do; Dr. Lawrence, 1 do; BS Pigman 2 do; Lownds 1 store; Geo Hobb 2

bute of affection and admiration, and will not detract from her reputation. Mrs. Hall was born and died in Philadelphia. She was the centre of the circle A cruel, and, as I think, a most unjust imputation, which Denney, and the writers for the Port Folio conrests on the memory of the Princess Leonora. She stituted. The whole tone of these lighter pieces is is accused of cold-heartedness, in suffering Tasso to such as good taste and good morals will approve. remain so long imprisoned, without interceding in his favor or even vouchsafing any reply to his affect- PATTIE'S NARRATIVE is the title of a new work, ing supplications for release, and for her mediation edited by Mr. Flint, of Cincinnati, which we have rein his behalf. The excuse alleged by those who ceived from Peter Hill, Broadway, and shall notice would fam excuse her,-"That she feared to compromise herself by any interference," is ten times worse than the accusation itself. But though there THE DAILY AND PERIODICAL PRESS OF FRANCE.-3 exists, I suppose, no written proof that Leonora plea- We received by the last Havre packet from the ded the cause of Tasso, or sought to mitigate his sufferings; neither is there any proof of the contrary." Newspaper Correspondence Office" of Messrs 1. We know little, or rather nothing of the private in- Bresson & Bourgoin at Paris, a large sheet, containtrigues of Alphonso's palace: we have no "mémoires ing the names and places of publication of every secrètes" of that day; no diaries kept by prying cournewspaper and periodical publication in Paris and tiers, to enlighten us on what passed in the recesses of the royal apartments: and upon mere negative the departments-and our surprise at their num presumption, shall we brand the character of a wo-ber, closely as we thought we had watched the spread man, who appears on every other occasion so blame- of these vehicles of intelligence in France, was truly less, so tender-hearted, and beneficent, with the imputation of such barbarous selfishness? for the honor great. There are published in the departments two of our sex, and human nature, I must believe it im- hundred and forty-three papers-some daily, some possible, tri-weekly, some semi-weekly, some weekly, and

or

Bank

houses; John T Sigler 1 do; late John Scott 1 do;
Dr L P Smith, and R Worthington, 3 do;
property, 3 or 4 do; Thomas Dowden, 2 do; Henry
Wincow, 1 do, and $1,500 cash: Adam Fisher, 1
2 do; Martin Rizer, of M. 1 do; S Bowden, 1 do;
M Buchanan, 1 do; Mrs Frethy, 1 do; John G.
Hoffman, 2 do; Shrive, do; Robert M'Cleery, 2 or
do; Mrs. Gephart, 1 do; Robert Swan, 2 do; Dr
JM Smith 2 do; Mrs Taylor, 1 do; Samuel Hoblit-
zell, 1 do; besides others, mostly brick houses and
2 story log buildings.

7 Merchants, whose loss in real and personal pro-
perty, and goods, is estimated at
3 Physicians

94,000 12,000

9 Hotels, including the loss of the owners, 30,000
30 Mechanics, (real and personal property,
stock, &c.)

Citizens not included in the above descrip-
tion,
Citizens not residing in the town,
Tetal loss,

71,000

91,000

14,000

$262,000

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