facility of travelling on a rail road, warrant the||tively, is $1 25 per ton, and the transportation ||committee recommend. It will cost, according committee in estimating the immediate regular from either of these places by the common or to the estimate of the Engineer of that Company, travelling of the road when finished, at double turnpike road is also $1 25 per ton, making the the further sum of $55,171 98 to complete the the amount which has passed over it upon an a- price of delivering goods from New-York to Pa- road to Jersey City, making an excess over and verage since it has been in operation. But there terson $2 50 per ton, which is increased to $6 above the capital stock subscribed of $166,490 71. are other circumstances which should be taken 25 in the winter season, when the navigation of The committee further report, that they coninto view in considering this subject. There is the rivers is closed. The transportation of goods sider it highly expedient that a branch of this a regular line of stages running from New-York on the rail road is estimated at one dollar per ton road should be made in conjunction with the on the west side of the Hudson river, and pass- from Paterson to the Hudson River. With these Newark Rail Road and Transportation Compaing from Hoboken through Hackensack, Hop- facts before them, and taking into consideration ny, from near the eastern base of Bergen Ridge pertown, and Ramapo, to Albany. It is believed that goods will be delivered not only cheaper, but to Harsimus, and from thence to Hoboken, altothat this line will pass over our road when finish- with greater certainty and dispatch by the rail gether a distance of one and a half miles; involed. Because from Hoppertown (a point common road than in any other manner, the committeeving an expense to this Company of a very small to both routes) it is but about 74 miles to Paterson, have estimated the tonnage of the road at 15,650 amount in comparison with the advantages of and from thence by the rail road to Jersey City tons a year, as the minimum quantity which will that route, and therefore they recommend that it is 16 1-8 miles, and from Hoppertown through pass over it. the sum of $200,000 be obtained, either by an Hackensack to Hoboken it is about 21 miles, which In estimating the current yearly expense of the increase of the capital stock, according to the is but 2 7-8 miles less than through Paterson to road, it will be observed that we allow $16 per provisions of the charter, or by a loan, as may be Jersey City. If we suppose the rate of travelling day for the moving power: in this respect we thought most expedient. All which is respecton the common or turnpike road to be six miles an have formed our conclusions from the last annual fully submitted. hour, and on the rail road 16 miles an hour, the report of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road PH. DICKERSON, route through Paterson will be passed over in Company, (see 6th Annual Report, page 53,) who MARK W. COLLET, 1h. 17m. less time than that through Hacken- from actual experience have ascertained that $16 ROBERT CARRICK, sack; and this difference in favor of the rail road per day is sufficient to cover all the expenses in- Paterson, Feb. 14, 1833. route will be increased in the season of bad cident to a locomotive power that is adequate to perform a much greater business than is assumed There is a large amount of travelling from the as the business of our road. In this estimate of north and west, passing by the route of the Cald- the moving power there is allowed for well turnpike, and the Newark and Pompton 1 Engine man per day, turnpike, through Newark to New-York. Much 1 Assistant, roads. of this travelling would pass thro' Paterson but 1 Ton Anthracite Coal, for the bad roads between Paterson and the Lit-Oil, $2.00 8.00 50 75 75 tle Falls, and between Paterson and New-York. Repairs and renewal of engines, 2 50 $16 00 per day. With these views the committee submit the following estimate: Committee. At a meeting of the Board of Directors, held on the 14th of February, 1833, the foregoing report having been read, it was unanimously resolved that the same be accepted, and recorded; and that Samuel F. Mott, Ph. Dickerson, and Mark W. Collet be a committee with authority to borrow, for the purposes expressed in said report, any sum not exceeding the said sum of $200,000. E. B. D. OGDEN, Secretary. Feb. 14, 1833. CONTROVERSY between the Chesapeake and Ohio A very long report was made in the Maryland house of delegates on the 11th inst. upon certain memorials which involved all the points of controversy between the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. From it we learn, officially, some facts and circum$47,105 00 stances which we have thought might not be un15,650 00 interesting to our readers. statement of the Secretary of the Company, was Annual expense and renewal The foregoing remarks apply chiefly to the probable effect which will be produced by changing the direction of the present travelling; but in presenting a view of the prospects of the road, we should anticipate the probable increase of travelling, by reason of the increase of the population and business of Paterson and the neighboring towns. By reference to a census of Paterson, taken by the Rev. Samuel Fisher in June, 1824, it appears that there were at that time in Paterson 4,737 inhabitants. And by a census taken by the same gentleman in July, 1832, it appears that there were 9,085 inhabi-Agents, one conductor at $2, tants, the population having nearly doubled in One at each end of road, at eight years. And the same causes which pro- $500, duced this rapid increase continue to operate, Eight common laborers, at and will probably continue to produce similar ef- $250 each, fects. And in viewing the geographical situation For repairs and renewal of of the country, the committee cannot overlook road, the fact, that this road may, and probably will, form the first section of that rail road which is destined to connect the western country with the Leaving a balance of city of New-York. 2,000 1,000 2,000 3,750 $62,755 00 It is known that the great point in controversy is the passage along the Point of Rocks below Harpers' Ferry, the impression being very generai that the ground there is not sufficiently wide to permit both the canal and rail road to pass; and it is further known that the priority of right has been adjudged to the Canal Company. In order to understand the difficulties of this pas sage, the committee of the Maryland house of delegates made a visit to the Point of Rocks, and returned with the full conviction that both the works might even now be carried along the difficult passes mentioned, "at no unreasonable sacrifice of the interest, convenience, or public 15,320 00 utility of the canal." The committee say that it was in full proof in the cause lately decided $47,435 00 between the two Companies, upon the evidence Which amounts to more than 11 per cent. on of competent men, the engineers of both, that As to the tonnage, the committee have pro- the estimated cost of the road, to be divided. In through these passages there was sufficient room cured statements from the two experienced mer-ascertaining the last charge of $3,750 for the re-to conduct both works, allowing to each its full chants of Acquackanonk, who have for many pairs and continued renewal of the road, the capacity-that is to say, to the rail road a breadth years past been engaged in freighting goods from committee have assumed that the sills of the road, of thirty feet, and to the canal a breadth of fiftyNew-York to that place: by one of those mer-which are all of red cedar or locust, will last six feet three inches, with its full cross section of chants, the tonnage is stated at $15,650 a year, twenty years. That the rails, which are of Geor-three hundred and six feet." The cause, how including the business of the regular wagons gia pine, will last nine years. That the piles of ever, having been decided in favor of the Canal that ply between New-York and Paterson. By the bridges, which are all of thrifty white oak, Company, its directors "chose to depart from the other it is stated at 11,200 tons a year, exclu- will last but twelve years, and that the bridges previous locations, (say the committee,) and to sive of the business done by those wagons. which are composed of white pine, will last twen-jam the canal close against the hills, so that the In addition to this, there are six regular boats ty years, and that the materials of the whole road, passage of the rail road beyond the point at on the Hackensack river, plying between Hack- including the bridges, will be entirely renewed as which it is now barred up, is rendered morally, if ensack and the city of New-York, and it is stated to the several parts thereof, within the said peri-not physically impracticable, unless by a sacrifice by one of the principal merchants of Hacken-ods of time respectively, and it is believed that of a small portion of the redundant advantages sack, that the business direct from there to Pa- the allowance is very ample for the object pro- which the Canal Company holds but by the terson employs at least one of those boats; and posed. bounty of Maryland." the others, besides supplying the town of Hack- By the charter of the Company, the original The canal having thus been made in this manensack and its vicinity, are employed in freight- capital stock is limited to $250,000, with the pri-ner at the places mentioned, the committee suging the goods for fourteen manufacturing estab-vilege however of increasing the same to $500,-gest that the best means of carrying on the rail ments, besides stores, situated in the vicinity of 000. From the foregoing statement, it appears road is, to take a strip of fifteen feet of the Hoppertown, Godwinville, and Paramus, which that to complete the road to the junction with breadth of the canal on the land side (next the establishments are nearer by some miles to Pater- the Newark road, it will cost the sum of $361,318 rocks), leaving for the canal a width of thirty-five son than to Hackensack. 83, and if this Company confirm the provisional feet, at the places mentioned. These places are The price of the freight of goods from New-agreement made with the New-Jersey Rail Road four in number, and amount in all to two miles York to Aquackanonk and Hackensack respec-lland Transportation Company, which course the land a tenth in length. The dimensions thus left ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 149 The transportation of produce and passengers will suffer no interruption from this accident, the Company having immediately placed on the line a sufficient number of horses, by which means the communication will be kept up until the locomotive is repaired, or the arrival of others, two of which are daily expected from Liverpool.[Petersburg Intel.] to the canal are said to be "manifestly more than||Ten years ago the idea of substituting a steam||jury. It is a remarkable circumstance, that the sufficient to permit the passage of two boats, engine for a horse as propelling power upon a only personal injury of any consequence caused whose breadth can never exceed that of the lock turnpike, would have been thought chimerical; by this accident, was that sustained by the black chamber, fifteen feet." "The fifteen feet so and the projector who should have talked of man who was endeavoring to arrange the turngiven up, together with five feet of additional travelling from New-York to Philadelphia and out, but not being able to get out of the way in excavation on the rocky side hills, will afford a back again between sunrise and sunset, would time, the engine knocked him down, and the passage sufficient for the rail road." All the ex- have found his schemes listened to with most wheels passed over the ends of the fingers of one pense attending these contractions of the canal ominous shakes of the head and shrugs of the hand. to be paid by the Rail Road Company. shoulders. Yet these things are done daily beThe Canal Company are offered some induce-fore our eyes, and nobody seems astonished. ments to grant the privileges asked for the rail Most of the London presses are worked by road, such as extending the time for completing steam; logs and marble are sawed, and chickthe first hundred miles, which it may be imprac-ens are hatched by steam; potatoes are boiled, ticable to do within the charter, and some lati-money is coined, whiskey distilled, water is tude in the use of water privileges. pumped, bullets are driven, gun-barrels bored, The report seems to have been drawn up with watch cases turned, foul clothes washed, tormuch candor, and the propositions it makes to toise shell combs mended, anchors hammered, the Canal Company seem to be fair and reason- ships' cables twisted, linen is bleached, sugar of the Canal Commissioners to the Legislature, the able. We hope they will be met in a corres-refined, jellies and soups are made, and houses ponding spirit, and that both these splendid warmed, by steam; in short, there is scarcely If the Lake is made a feeder for the Canal, $4,043,works of improvement may be happily consum-an object of human necessity, comfort or lux-036; if the Lake is not made a feeder, $1,601,695. ury, in the production of which some use is To construct a Rail Road on the same route, the cost We have read the report, of which we have not made of this universal and most accommo- is estimated at $1,052,488: a turnpike road, on the thus given an outline, with the more interest, as dating of all agents. M'Adamised plan, $1,041,624. From the acknowour own rail road to the Potomac is greatly deNo man can set bounds to its utility and the ledged qualifications of the engineer, J. M. Bucklin, pendent upon the success of the enterprize of our modes of its application. We shall not be sur-Esq. these estimates are believed to be as accurate as Maryland neighbors. The question is very fre-prised to find it, before the year is out, employ- the nature of the case will admit. With these estiquently asked, Why is the Baltimore Rail Road ed to extinguish fires, to blast rocks, or in ex-mates before the Legislature, that body will undoubt delayed, and what is the state of the controversy cavating the earth for canals; some of us may edly give a preference to the Rail Road as a means of with the Canal Company? We have given live to see men enabled, by its assistance, to communication from Lake Michigan to the navigable above the latest information on the subject, and traverse the air, or explore the depths of the have laid aside the report itself for the perusal ocean; and who knows even but that its enerof those who wish to examine it at length. mated. gies may in some future age, when man's Illinois Canal.-We understand that in the Report cost of this proposed work is estimated as follows: waters of the Illinois river. A bill to incorporate a company for the construction of a Rail Road on this route, is now before the Legislature. No vote has yet been taken which gives any indication of its fate. fit should become a law the present session, we shall be very agreeably disappointed.-[Sangamo Journal, Springfield, Illinois.] [Fram the Albany Argus.] CANAL TOLLS.-The report of the Commissioners of the Canal Fund, communicating a statement of all during the season of navigation of 1832, was made the tolls collected upon all the canals of the state, to the legislature on the 19th ult. The aggregate result is as follows: Erie Canal $1.085,612 28 DANVILLE AND POTTSVILLE RAIL ROAD.-We have the pleasure to announce, that it is confidently believed that the proposition which has been made to the commonwealth for the subscription of stock to this rail road, will be acceded to by our Legislature. We have learned that a CAPE FEAR AND YADKIN RAILROAD.-It af bill recommending the investment, has been re-fords us much pleasure to announce, that in ported in both houses. That the great work of obedience to the instructions of a very large internal improvement which has been constructed majority of the Freeholders and voters of this under the authority and at the expense of the Town, that the Commissioners have resolved commonwealth, the Pennsylvania canal, is des-to contract for a loan of $200,000 to be invested tined to receive a considerable amount of tonnage in the stock of this Company; this, with the from the completion of the western division of individual subscription already made, will be this rail road, will scarcely admit of a doubt.more than sufficient for the organization of the And that consequently the State will be a great Company; and the commencement of the work gainer on this ground alone, without estimating during the spring, may be reasonably calculathe intrinsic value of the stock of the rail road, ted on. We hope to be able to show that the is equally obvious to every understanding. It is probable amount of transportation of produce, erroneous to infer, that because rail road stocks inerchandize, &c. over this road will be so great have not been productive property before the as to demonstrate that the stock in this Compa-were the preceding year: and on the Champlain caon the Erie canal are only less by $6,101 98 than they roads themselves were in complete operation,ny will be as profitable, if not more so, than the nal there is an increase of $7,295 72; so that on that they should always continue so. The con- stock of any other company in the Union.-these two canals the tolls collected in 1832 exceed trary has been recently proved in a very satis-[Fayetteville Journal.] factory manner. Not more than a week since, Oswego Canal Cayuga and Seneca Canal -$1,195,804 23 10,786 20 13,893 04 Making a total of $1,229,483 47 Notwithstanding the prevalence of the cholera durand diminution of the business of the canals, the tolls ing last season, and the consequent derangement those of 1831, by the sum of $1,193 74. There is an increase on the Oswego canal of $3,515,10; and thirty shares of the stock of the West Branch ACCIDENT ON THE RAIL ROAD.-As rumor has on the Cayuga and Seneca canals of $272 65. This Rail Road were sold in the city of Philadelphia, greatly magnified an accident which occurred makes the increase on all the canals $5,681 49. at seventy-five dollars a share, originally pur-lately on the rail road, we have been at some GREAT CANAL OF GOETHA.-This magnifichased at fifty dollars-the advance being equi-pains to collect a statement of the facts. It ap-cent water-line, which passes through the heart valent to fifty per cent. This was a fine oppor- pears that, on Monday last, as the locomotive of Sweden, and unites the North Sea and the tunity for investment, when the stock was selling and train approached the bridge over the Three Baltic, was opened with great solemnities on at par only a few months ago, which the preju-Creeks, about three miles from Belfield, a young the 26th of September last. It will admit vesdiced doubted at the time, but are now nolens man who was sitting on one side of the tender, sels drawing nine feet and a half water, and volens compelled to admit. Without any imme-carelessly attempted to draw in his legs, which two and twenty feet in width; and they may diate interest to be promoted, whatever ultimate were hanging over on the outside, but projecting make the passage into the Baltic in eight days, benefit may be conferred by the completion of them too far across the road, he struck against with the aid of steamboats across the lakes the western extremity of this rail road, our inha-one of the posts of the bridge, and was knocked which occur on its line. It has been two and bitants nevertheless are well pleased to witness, off and fell on the rails, the cars passing over twenty years in construction, and cost rather in common with all other sensible citizens, the one of his arms from the shoulder to near the anticipated successful result of the application wrist, mangling it in a shocking manner. more than 10,430,000 dollars (£1,285,000), of to the commonwealth. For ourselves, we have was immediately placed in one of the coaches, the state.-[Athenæum.] He which 6,378,334 dollars were contributed by no hesitation in repeating what we have all and the train proceeded on to Belfield at a veloalong confidently asserted, that when the inter-city increased by the desire of the Engineer to Extraordinary Railway performances.--On the ocmediate distance on this rail road is finished, or procure medical assistance as speedily as possi-casion of a scientific gentleman visiting the Liverpool in other words, when the whole route is accomble. On arriving at the Belfield depot, either and Manchester Railway, some very extraordinary plished, the value of the stock will go beyond from a sudden order to change the direction, o performances were effected. On two occasions, a that of any similar work in the country.-[Mi-from some other cause, the turn-outs had not load amounting to one hundred tons was drawn by ner's Jour.] been properly placed, and, before the error could one engine from Liverpool to Manchester, a distance be corrected, the engine and tender, under a the average rate of twenty miles an hour. of above thirty miles, in an hour and a half, being at ON THE PROBABLE APPLICATION OF STEAM heavy press of steam, were precipitated off the horse wagon on a common road, is capable of carryAn eight POWER TO VARIOUS PURPOSES.-It is not im-rails. The Engineer and attendants were thrown ing only eight tons a day. Consequently would probable, that in nothing will greater changes out, but escaped with no other injury than a few take one hundred horses working for one day on a be effected before the close of the year which trifling bruises. The engine does not appear, turnpike road to perform the same work as was here has just commenced, than in the purposes to from a hasty examination, to have been mate- accomplished by a single steam engine in an hour which this tremendous agent will be applied. rially injured. The tender had her supply pipe and a half on the railroad. It is said that no formou Every day brings to light some new form in broken, and the reservoir much shattered. The performan which its irresistible energies may be emploved. passenger coaches AGRICULTURE, &c. chard should contain all the good hardy fruits,| Your committtee have thus complied with and specimens of all hardy plants, that may the requisitions of the society, in submitting [From the New York Farmer and American Garden-be useful on the farm, in the arts, in commerce, the plan of an Agricultural School, and an er's Magazine.] or that are ornamental,-in order that the re-estimate of the expense necessary to estab. AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL.-State Agricultu- lative value of different species and varieties lish and put the same into successful and perral Society.—We take pleasure in laying be-may be determined, and their mode of culture, manent operation. It only remains for them fore our readers the following important docu-and process of curing, taught to the pupils, to state their opinion of its utility. ment. We hope they all will read it, reflect and the approved kinds furnished for public distribution. on it, and firmly resolve to act in accomplishing this great object in view. school; To put the School into operation there will be required,-a principal, professors and The committee appointed at the first meet-teachers,-a steward and servants, for the ing of the Society, to report a plan for an Agricultural School, with an estimate of the expense necessary to establish and put the same into operation, together with their views of such an establishment, beg leave to submit the following Report: A manager, laborers and assistants, for the The agriculture of a country affords the best criterion of its prosperity. Whether we compare kingdoms, states, counties, districts or farms, the condition of this branch of labor, which they severally exhibit, is a sure index, not only of the pecuniary, but of its moral condition. It is no less an axiom founded in truth, that agriculture prospers or languishes in proportion to the science and skill of the men who manage its labors. It is not the natural fertility of the soil, so much as the The number of officers and assistants intelligence and industry of those who till it, which will be required, must depend upon which gives to husbandry its interests and its of the sciences, and to furnish it with the best contingencies: and of course the commtttee rewards. The man who devotes the energies models of practice; to teach, simultaneously, do not pretend to state with precision, in their of a highly cultivated mind, to the improvein the period of youth devoted to academic estimate, the amount of their salaries and pay.ment of this primitive and all important branch studies, the practical operations of husbandry, The proceeds of the school and the farm of labor, is a public benefactor. Cincinnatus and such branches of useful knowledge as did more to immortalize his name, and to com be expected to increase for some years, may may tend to elevate its character, and increase and will materially depend on the terms of mand our applause, by his love of rural labors, its products. The plan, therefore, should tuition. The committee have assumed, as than by his military exploits. Washington, reasonable data, that the number of pupils amid all the honors that irradiated his brow, The main objects of the proposed school are, to impart to agriculture the efficient aid embrace,— 1. A Farm, of sufficient extent to afford would average 200, and the average produce sought his highest pleasures in the business room for the diversified operations of tillage, of the farm amount to $4,000 per annum, for and retirement of the farm. And it was the cattle and sheep, husbandry, and of orchard- the first four years. Upon the assumed data, first remark of our present chief magistrate, ing and gardening-on a scale that will admit then, the estimate would exhibit the following to the writer, after introduction, that he would a fair comparison being made of crops, or result." breeds of cattle and sheep, and of the varie PRELIMINARY EXPENSES. ties of hardy fruits;-and sufficiently diversi- Farm of 400 acres, at $30, 2. A Farm House and Farm Buildings, which may serve as models of convenience, taste and economy, and accommodate the head farmer and his assistants: 3. A School Building, for the accommodation of teachers and scholars : 4. A Library and Philosophical Apparatus: 5. Stock and Implements for the farm: and, 6. Shops for the construction of farm implements and machinery, for the use of the faim, for the illustration of mechanical science, and to afford practical instructions to the pupils in mechanics. These items of expense, which may be considered preliminary and permanent, to gether with the cost of the furniture required for the school building, are estimated at $7,500. 1. The plan of Education might embrace, -Practical instructions in the various operations and labors of the farm, the garden, the orchards and the shops and, Farm buildings, Total preliminary expense, ANNUAL EXPENSE. not forego the pleasures of the farm for all the honors and emoluments that this nation 12,000 could confer upon him. Education enables 6,000 man to appreciate the wonderful provisions 25,000 which God has made for his happiness in ru. 7,500 ral life, and imparts to him the ability of dif. 3,150 fusing instruction and happiness to multitudes 1,250 around him. 5,100. 1,150 It should be the policy of government, there1,500 fore, which watches over the interest of all, to infuse into the labors of husbandry all the $57,550 lights of science and knowledge-to take care to expand and elevate the minds of those who are to give it efficiency and character, and to call forth skill and industry by proffered rewards. With us these considerations possess peculiar force. Our population and business are emphatically agricultural, and every aid which is extended to this class, benefits, indirectly, every portion of the community. Agriculture constitutes the fountains of the thousand rills, which, swelling and travers. 23,400 ing every part of the state, propel the spindle and the hammer of the artizan and the manu. Estimated annual expense, $80,950 facturer, and finally, by their union, make up The Annual Receipts are computed as the mighty stream of commerce which unfollows: farm, 14,400 Board and tuition of 200 pupils, at ceasingly flows into the Atlantic. That our agriculture is susceptible of im$30,000 provement-that the products of its labors 4,000 may be doubled, nay quadrupled, must be apparent to those who have compared our hus. bandry with that of some European countries, $34,000 2. The study of the natural sciences generally, mathematics, mechanics, chemistry and drawing, so far as these may conduce or become subservient to agricultural improvement, --together with such other branches of know. ledge as will qualify the students for the higher duties of civil life,-such as will fit them to Thus the total expense of establishing the or who have contrasted, at home, the well become independent electors, discreet jurors, school, and of maintaining it the first year, is cultivated district, or farm, with those which faithful magistrates, and wise legislators. estimated at $80,950, and the income, after are badly managed. How is the desired As prerequisites to admission to the school, the first year, it is believed, will be amply suf- amelioration to be effected? How can a bet. the pupils might be required to possess a good ficient to defray all expenses. Yet to meet ter husbandry be so well promoted, as by common school education, to be at least four-contingencies that may occur, and to make up teaching it to our youth-by sowing our teen years of age, and of good moral charac- for any deficiency in the estimate, the com.seed in the spring-time of life? Prejudice no ter. Four years might constitute a course of mittee think that an appropriation of $100,- where retains a stronger hold than among farstudies; and the internal regulations and po. 000, the surplus to be invested for the benefit mers who have approached or passed the melice of the school might be conformed, in a of the institution, will nsure usefulness and ridian of life. While some retain old practimeasure, to those of our military academy. permanency to the school, and prove amply ces, for want of confidence in their knowledge A department of the farm should be set sufficient to meet all its wants. This sum, if to guide them in better ones, others lack the apart for experiments in husbandry, and the equalized among the population of the state, first requisites to improvement-a consciousdetails and results of these experiments accu- would operate as a tax of about five cents to ness that their system is not the most useful rately registered. The garden and the or-each inhabitant. while not a few are influenced, in their hostil From a full conviction, that the interests of the state not only warrant, but require, an appropriation of public monies to this object, your committee beg leave to recommend to the consideration of the Society the following resolution : ity to public means of improvement, by the fits from the appropriation would have been are many kinds of feed which may be prepar desire to keep things to their own level. If far greater than they are at the present day.ed both for horses and cows, by labor during we would efficiently improve this great branch How many hundreds may now be pointed out, the winter, wherewith they may be fed at less of business, and elevate its character, as well of liberal education, who are mere cyphers in expense, or will consume less of the merchanas the character of those who are engaged in society, for want of the early habits of applica- table produce of the farm, than when fed on its operations, we must do what universal ex- tion and labor, which it is the object of the hay, by which the labor of winter becomes perience has shown to be the only sure me-proposed school to form and to infix! And more valuable than when this is omitted.-tho-we must lay our foundation in the ri- how many, for want of these habits, have been Straw, when chopped fine and soaked or boilsing generation-we must teach the young prematurely lost to their friends, and to a pured with a small quantity of meal, potatoes, idea how to shoot-we must instruct the head pose of usefulness for which man seems wise- pumpkins, carrots or cabbage, makes an exto help the hands. Our physical and mentally to have been created—that of doing good cellent feed for cattle or horses, and milch powers are twin sisters. They lighten each to his fellows. cows fed with such food will give more milk other's labor, and mutually impart a zest to than when fed with hay alone. each other's enjoyments. And as it is becoming common to introduce manual labor into literary schools, it is courteous that lite. rature and science should requite civility, by associating with the inmates of schools of labor. Agricultural Schools, although of modern Resolved, That a respectful memorial be date, have nevertheless been established in presented to the Legislature, in behalf of this most of the states of Europe, and their utility Society, and of the great interest which it rehas been fully demonstrated. Who has not presents, praying that suitable provision be heard of the school of Fellenburgh, at Howyl, made by law, for establishing a School of Ag. or of Von Thayer, at Moegelin-to which riculture, on the plan recommended in the price hay bears in the country, it cannot be young men are sent from every part of Eu- preceding report; and that the co-operation, transported by land to any considerable dis. rope, and even from America? In France in this application, of societies and individuals, tance to market without loss, but the same and Prussia, Agricultural Schools have been friendly to the object of the petition, be res- amount of property may be driven at a small founded and maintained by the governments. pectfully solicited. expense. We would ask, why is there not a If they are found to be beneficial, and worthy Albany, Feb. 14, 1833. sure profit attending the selling of cows in the of governmental support, in countries where fall and purchasing in the spring, equal to the power is vested in the few, how much more ALBANY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.-At difference between driving a cow or transportsalutary must they prove here-where our a meeting of this Society, on Friday, 1st Feb-ing two tons of hay the same distance, allow institutions receive the impress of their char-ruary, 1833, the following Gentlemen were ing the prices of both were regulated by the acter from the many, and where the perpe-elected as Officers for the ensuing year:- same market? tuity of these institutions depends emphatically upon the intelligence and virtue of the agricultural population. Despotism will never flourish in the American soil, but through the ignorance, and we may say consequent depravity, of its cultivators. Your committee recall to recollection, with feelings of pride, the munificent benefactions of the legislature, to advance the literary JESSE BUEL, President. do. D. B. SLINGERLAND, Treasurer. R. V. DE WITT, Corresponding Secretary COUNSELLORS. E. Corning, John S. Walsh, E. C. Delacharacter of our state; and the fact, that van, Joel A. Wing, G. V. Denniston, V. P. comparatively nothing has been done, legis- Douw, C. R. Webster, Jno. Willard, John latively, to improve our agriculture, which Woodworth, Alfred Conkling, H. G. Wheaton, employs five-sixths of our population, can Peter Wendell, Richard Yates, Agustus James, only be ascribed to the fact, that nothing has Jno. W. Bay, B. F. Butler, J. T. Norton, G. been asked for-nothing thought of. Our W. Ryckman, John E. Lovett, George Mc. public colleges and academies, for literary in- Pherson, William Barney, H. L. Webb, M. In our long northern winters, sheep require some food of the kind, otherwise they are apt to become costive and feverish, which never fails to give their wool that yellow cotted appearance, which is commonly called the effects of being hide bound. We call the attention of farmers to this subject, wishing them to take such notes the present winter as will en able them hereafter to pursue that course which shall be found profitable. From the BONE MANURE.-This most valuable arti. cle, which is extensively used in England, has only recently become known to American agriculturists. Bones collected in the towns and cities are reduced to various degrees of fineness, and in that state applied to the ground. The last number of the New-York Farmer contains some information on the sub. Star. We would, however, inform our readers ject, which we shall hereafter insert in the that the article is now sold by Mr. JOHN L. WARD, of Brooklyn, at from 30 to 40 cents bushel. per We hope our Gardeners will give it a fair trial.—[L. I. Star.] [From the New-York Farmer.] AMERICAN SILK.-Through Dr. Pascalis we have been presented, from D. C. Wallace, Esq. But where are our public schools of labor? ON FODDER.-There are none of the farm- Secretary of the Hamilton County Agricultural Where is the head taught to help the hands, ing operations that require more attention Society, of Ohio, specimens of American silk, in the business which creates wealth, and than feeding cattle through the winter, and of various colors. The thread is even and fine, which is the grand source of individual and yet by many no one thing is more neglected. and the colors beautiful. It was manufactured national prosperity and happiness? Our lite- We do not mean that farmers neglect to feed erary and professional schools have been their cattle, but that they neglect making by Mrs. Hannah, of Wayne county, Indiana, reared up and sustained by the expenditure o calculations as to the profit and loss attending and obtained the premium of the Hamilton Agmore than two millions of dollars from the it. We have remarked that in this vicinity a ricultural Society. The worms were fed on public treasury, and they continue to share good milch cow, in the spring, bears the same the leaves of the native mulberry. Mrs. H. is liberally of the public bounty. It will not, price as two tons of hay. Most good farmers, deserving of credit, not only for having prohowever, be denied, that the benefits which we believe, will allow, that a cow fed upon duced a handsome specimen of silk, but should they dispense are altogether partial-that the hay alone, will consume two tons during the be considered as a public benefactor for the exrank and file of society, destined by heaven winter, or from the time when they commence ample she has set to our fair countrywomen. to become the conservators of civil liberty, feeding them until they are turned out to grass are virtually denied a participation in the sci- in the spring. The inquiry then arises, is not PIEDMONTESE REEL.-The American Instience and knowledge in the means of improve- the loss equal to the worth of the cow in the tute of this city has obtained one of the celement and of happiness, which they are calcu- fall, when so fed? We answer yes, together brated Piedmontese silk reels. It is in the lated to dispense. Is it not a mandate of duty, with the trouble of feeding them. In the then, as well as of expediency, that the bene-neighborhood of large towns, where hay comfits of public instruction should be more gene-mands a great price, we consider it bad policy rally dispensed? We hazard not the fear of for farmers to keep more cows than they can SWEET APPLE PUDDING.-Take one pint of contradiction in assuming, that if a moiety of winter upon such kinds of food as are produc. scalded milk, half a pint of Indian meal, a tea the public monies, which have been appropri-ed from the farm, and will not command ready cupful of molasses, a tea spoonful of salt, and six ated to literary schools, had been judiciously cash. This observation will not always ap- baked not less than three hours-the apples will sweet apples cut into small pieces-should be applied, in rendering science subservient to ply to farms distant from market, nor to the afford an excellent rich jelly. This is truely one the arts, and in diffusing the higher branches keeping of dairies near large towns for the pur-of the most luxurious yet simple Yankee pudamong the laboring classes, the public bene-pose of supplying them with milk. There dings made. possession of Dr. Pascalis, and in a short time will be exhibited in reeling American cocoons. [From the New-York Farmer.] Suggestions relative to Gardeners' Work for March. By the EDITOR. Although winter may linger and weary, like the prolonged stay of a dull prating visiter, yet this is the month of some activity. The gardener should recollect that the "powerful king of day" is about returning, bringing again under his calorific sway the northern half of his kingdom, and that preparations should be made for his august and most desirable presence. Seeds. Many kinds of plants designed for seed should be brought forward as early as possible. There was no further labor or manure expend- Transplanting.—-Fruit and forest plants may be set out at any time during this month, provided the ground be thoroughly commuted. I, Joseph Smith, of Fitchburg, in the county signed to flower early, may be sown the latter setts, of lawful age, do depose and say that F Flowers of the most hardy kinds, that are de- of Worcester, and Commonwealth of Massachupart of this month, in warm situations. Many was present and assisted to dig and measure that are tender may be sown in boxes or pots, the potatoes raised on one acre of land the preplaced in sitting-rooms, green-houses, or hot-sent season, situate in said Fitchburg, and ownbeds, and in April or May put in the opened and cultivated by Mr. William Carter, of ground, with the balls of earth adhering to said town, being the same acre measured and surveyed by P. F. Cowdin, as appears by the certificate hereto annexed, and the whole quantity of potatoes raised on said acre of land was six hundred and ninety-two and one-half bushels. JOSEPH SMITH. Fitchburg, November 19, 1832. them. "Where'er he treads, heat gladdens every plain; Delight on tip-toe bears his lucid train, Sweet hope with conscious brow before him flies, Temperature-As the season advances, air Anticipating wealth from summer skies." Potatoes. This important and useful vege-or protected plants, especially in warm, clear should be more frequently given to all housed table may be planted in boxes, pots or beds, in days. a warm cellar, and then forwarded in a hot-bed or transferred into a warm suitable soil in the open air. Towards the latter end of the month they may be planted in the open ground and covered with straw, leaves, or other litter.Those that do not produce large tops are considered the best for early growth. To are invested with insects at this season. Propagating-Plants may be propagated by MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.— COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. Before me, Peas. The following are some of the most esteemed early varieties-Early Washington or The Committee of the Massachusetts AgriMay Pea, 24 feet high; Early Double Blossom-cultural Society, "On Vegetable and Grain ed Frame, 3 feet; Early Nimble Dick, 24 feet; Crops," having attended the duty assigned them, the Massachusetts Agricultural Society. Early Frame, 24 feet; Early Golden Hotspur, award as follows: Sir, I send you a statement of my method 3 feet; Early Charlton, 3 feet; Early Peters- To William Carter, of Fitchburg, in the coun-of raising a crop of winter-rye, on one acre of burgh, 24 feet. The earliness of peas depends, ty of Worcester, for his crop of Potatoes, being land the present year, which I wish to enter for in some measure, when the seed was gathered. 691 bushels to the acre, the premium of twen-a premium. The soil is a gravelly loam, rather If those that are first ripe are picked off forty dollars. dry than otherwise. The land was planted with seed, they will ripen from five to fifteen days To Adam Knight, of Newbury, in the county corn in the spring of 1831, and manured in the the sooner. of Essex, for his crop of Winter-rye, 45 bush-hills with about six cords of manure to the acre, els the acre, twenty dollars. of common quality. In the month of August To Hooker Leavitt, of Greenfield, in the coun- following, said acre was sown with three pecks ty of Franklin, for his crop of Winter-wheat, of seed, and hoed in the usual manner. In the being 38 bushels and 22 quarts on an acre-month of August of the present year, the rye dollars. or rather on 3 rods short of an acre, twenty was reaped and threshed, and found to measure forty-five bushels and five eighths of a bushel. There is standing on said acre of land seventyfive apple-trees, from two to six inches through at the root. ADAMS KNIGHT. Parsnips may be sowed in some seasons as early as the middle of March. Peppers. The seeds of this plant may be put in a hot-bed this month. Lettuce. Sow the seeds of the tender kinds in a hot-bed: the more hardy in warm open borders. Leeks. On a bed of rich earth sow the seeds of this hardy plant in the latter part of the month. To Henry Sprague, of Princeton, in the being 543 bushels to the acre, twenty dollars. county of Worcester, for his crop of Barley, The Committee, in justice to other claimants, and thinking it may be useful, deem it proper Garden Burnet, Poterium sanguisorba.-Sow to notice the applications for premiums of the the seeds in drills, ten or twelve inches wide following persons, and to recommend that the and one inch deep, in this month or April. several statements, as to the mode of culture, Purple Egg Plant, Solanum melongena.-not only of those to whom premiums have been Near the first of March sow in a hot-bed. given, but of the unsuccessful candidates, be Cucumber.-Sow the seeds, which should be more than one year old, in boxes or pots that are to be put in a hot-bed. This being a monoecious plant, and not having the aid of the wind and insects to scatter the farina, the male flowers should be taken off and the farina ap-sex, 45 bushels and 20 quarts of Winter-rye plied to the stigma of the female flower. Chives, Alium schoenoprasum.-This species of onion is propagated by off-sets from the roots. Celery, Apium graveolens.-The seeds of White Solid are sown in a moderate hot-bed, the first weeks in March; or in a warm situation in the latter part of the month, near which time the seeds for a general crop are sown in a rich moist soil. Middlesex, 38, bushels of Winter-rye the acre. the acre. folk, 43 bushels of Winter-rye the acre. Payson Williams, of Fitchburg, county of P. C. BROOKS, per order. I hereby certify, that I assisted in reaping, threshing and measuring the above-mentioned rye, and there was forty-five bushels and fiveeighths, as above stated. TIMOTHY K. NOYES. www. Fitchburg, January 4, 1833. HON. PETER C. BROOKS,-Sir, yours of the Among other useful vegetables that should 25th ult. requesting information respecting my be forwarded either in hot-beds or warm bor-crop of potatoes, is received. ders are carrots, cabbages, cauliflower plants The soil upon which the potatoes were raised under hand glasses, beets, spinnage, tomatos, is a warm deep loam, sloping to the south-east, and turnips. Transplant hardy lettuce, and and for five years previous to the last has been dress asparagus and artichoke beds. grass-land, and mowed each year. The land Dionaa Muscipula, Venus' Fly Trap. By Rhubarb, Rheum rhaponticum.-This valu. was ploughed in the month of November, 1831, Q. Z. For the New-York Farmer. able plant for tarts is obtained from seeds sown harrowed and cross-ploughed in the month of This singular plant is considered one of the in March, or from off-sets. The plant should May, 1832. I then spread forty cart loads of most remarkable and curious productions of be covered by a barrel or box, and heating ma- horse manure upon the furrows and ploughed the vegetable world. It belongs to the class nure put over the barrel. Very early in the it in; and then furrowed two and a half feet Decandria, order Monogynia of Linnæus. The spring the leaves of a rooted plant will be suf- apart, and planted the seed in rows or drills. leaves are radial, lying upon the ground, and ficiently large for use. The seed was twenty bushels of the long red consisting of two parts. The lower, which is blue. The planting was quite the last of May. heart shape, and is terminated by a single conpotato, and twenty-five bushels of common||strictly speaking the leaf, is long, cordate, or ploughed and hoed; and when they were about half. This part consists of two lobes, the As soon as the tops appeared, the land was servative appendage, which forms the upper 12 inches high, ploughed and hoed again. I margins of which are terminated by cilicate kept no minutes of the expense of cultivation, divisions, like the teeth of a rat-trap, to which and am therefore unable to state it particularly.this singular anomaly is thought to bear a close Cabbage Stumps should be taken up and put in favorable situations for producing greens. Coverings may be removed about the end of this month, from semi-hardy flowering plants. Spring weather, however, should be well set in before many of them are uncovered. |