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as chriftians, to protest against fuch horrible barbarity. "That God and nature had put into our hands!" What ideas of God and nature that noble lord may entertain I know not, but I know that fuch deteftable principles are equally abhorrent to religion and humanity. What, to attribute the Lacred fanction of God and nature to the maffacres of the Indian fcalping knife! to the cannibal favage, torturing, murdering, devouring, drinking the blood of his mangled victims! Such notions fhock every precept of morality, every feeling of humanity, every fentiment of honor. These abominable principles, and this more abominable avowal of them, demand the most decifive indignation. I call upon that right reverend, and this moft learned bench, to vindicate the religion of their God, to fupport the juftice of their country. I call upon the bilhops to interpofe the unfullied fanctity of their lawn, upon the judges to interpofe the purity of their ermine, to fave us from this pollution. I call upon the honor of your lordfhips, to reverence the dignity of your ancestors, and to maintain your own. I call upon the fpirit and humanity of my country, to vindicate the national character. I invoke the genius of the conftitution. From the tapeftry that adorns thefe walls, the immortal ancestor of this noble lord, frowns with indignation at the difgrace of his country. In vain did he defend the liberty, and eftablifh the religion of Britain against the tyranny of Rome, if thefe worse than popish cruelties and inquifitional practices are endured among us. To fend forth the merciless cannibal thirsting for blood again whom? Your proteftant brethren; to lay waste their country, to defolate their dwellings, to extirpate their race and name, by the aid and inftrumentality of thele horrible hell hounds of war! Spain can no longer boaft pre-eminence of barbarity. She armed herself with blood hounds to extirpate the wretched natives of Mexico, but we more ruthleis, loofe thefe dogs of war against our countrymen in America, endeared to us by every tie that should fanctify humanity. My lords, I folemnly call upon your lordships, and upon every order of men in the ftate, to amp upon this infamous proceedure the indelible ftigma of public abhorrence. More particularly I call upon the holy prelates of our religion to do away this iniquity; let them perform a luftration to purify their country from this deep and deadly fin. My lords, I am old and weak, and at prefent unable to fay more, but my feelings and indignation were too ftrong to have faid lefs. I could not have flept this night in iny bed, nor repofed my head upon my pillow, without giving this vent to my eternal abhorrence of fuch enormous and preposterous principles." "*

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No. VI.

A convention between lieutenant general Burgoyne and major general Gates. Chap. IV. p. 157.

I. The troops under lieutenant general Burgoyne, to march out of their camp with the honors of war, and the artillery of the entrenchments to the verge of the river, where the old fort food, where the arms and artillery are to be left; the arms to be piled by word of command from their own officers.

II. A free paffage to be granted to the army under lieutenant general

*Belfham's life of Chatham,

Burgoyne, to Great Britain, upon condition of not ferving again in North America during the prefent conteft; and the port of Bofton to be affigned for the entry of transports to receive the troops, whenever general Howe fhall fo order.

II. Should any cartel take place by which the army under lieutenant general Burgoyne, or any part of it, may be exchanged, the foregoing article to be void, as far as such exchange shall be made.

IV. The army under lieutenant general Burgoyne is to march to Maffachusetts Bay by the easiest and most expeditious and convenient route; and to be quartered in, near, or as convenient as poffible to Boston, that the march of the troops may not be delayed when tranfports arrive to receive them.

V. The troops to be fupplied on their march, and during their being in quarters, with provifions by major general Gates' orders, at the fame rate of rations as the troops of his own army; and if poffible, the officers' horfes and cattle are to be fupplied with forage at the usual rates.

VI. All officers to retain their carriages, bat horses, and other cattle and no baggage to be molefted or fearched, lieutenant general Burgoyne giving his honor, that there are no public ftores contained therein, major general Gates will of courfe take the neceffary measures for the due per. formance of this article. Should any carriages be wanted, during the march for the transportation of officers' baggage, they are, if poffible, to be fupplied by the country at the ufual rates.

VII. Upon the march and during the time the army fhall remain in quarters in the Massachusetts Bay, the officers are not, as far as circumftances will admit, to be feparated from their men. The officers are to be quartered according to their rank, and are not to be hindered from affembling their men for roll callings and other neceffary purposes of regularity. VIII. All corps whatever of lieutenant general Burgoyne's army, whether composed of failors, batteaux men, artificers, drivers, independent companies, and followers of the army, of whatever country, fhall be included in the fulleft fenfe, and utmost extent of the above articles, and comprehended in every refpe&t as British fubjects.

IX. All Canadians, and perfons belonging to the Canadian establishment, confifling of lailors, batteaux men, artificers, drivers, independent companies, and many other followers of the army, who come under no particular defcription, are to be permitted to return there; they are to be condi Eted immediately, by the fhorteft route, to the first British poft on Lake George, are to be fupplied with provifions in the fame manner as the other troops, and to be bound by the fame condition of not ferving during the prefent conteft in North America.

X. Paffports to be immediately granted for three officers, not exceeding the rank of captains, who fhall be appointed, by lieutenant general Burgoyne, to carry difpatches to fir William Howe, fir Guy Carleton, and to Great Britain by way of New York; and major general Gates engages the public faith, that thefe difpatches fhall not be opened. These officers are to let out immediately after receiving their difpatches, and are to travel by the shortest route, and in the most expeditious manner.

XI. During the flay of the troops in the Maffachusetts Bay, the officers are to be admitted on parole, and are to be permitted to wear their fide

arms.

XII. Should the army under lieutenant general Burgoyne find it necef fary, to fend for their clothing and other baggage from Canada, they are to be permitted to do it in the most convenient manner, and neceffary paff ports to be granted for that purpose,

XIII. These articles are to be mutually figned and exchanged to morrow morning at nine o'clock; and the troops under lieutenant general Burgoyne are to march out of their entrenchments at three o'clock in the afternoon.

Camp at Saratoga, O&tober 16, 1777.

HORATIO GATES, Major General, To prevent any doubts that might arise from lieutenant gen. Burgoyne's name not being mentioned in the above treaty, major general Gates hereby declares, that he is understood to be comprehended in it, as fully as if his name had been fpecially mentioned.

HORATIO GATES.

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No. VII.

Hiftorical Memoirs of Colonel SETH WARNER. Chap. IV. p. 159,

AMONG the perfons who have performed important fervices to the State of Vermont, colonel Seth Warner deferves to be remembered with refpect. He was born at Woodbury, in the colony of Connecticut, about the year 1744, of honeft and refpectable parents. Without any other advantages for an education than what were to be found in the common fchools of the town, he was early diftinguished by the folidity and extent of his understanding. About the year 1763, his parents purchased a tract of land in Bennington, and foon after removed to that town with their family. In the uncultivated ftate of the country, in the fish, with which the rivers and ponds were furnished, and in the game, with which the woods abounded, young Warner found a variety of objects fuited to his favorite inclinations and purfuits; and he foon became diftinguished as a fortunate and indefatigable hunter.

His father, captain Benjamin Warner, had a strong inclination to medicinal inquiries and purfuits; and agreeably to the fate of things in new fettlements, had to look for many of his medicines in the natural virtues of the plants and roots, that were indigenous to the country. His fon Seth frequently attended him in these botanical excurfions, contracted fomething of his father's tafte for the business, and acquired more information of the nature and properties of the indigenous plants and vegetables, than any other man in the country. By this kind of knowledge he became useful to the families in the new fettlements, and adminiftered relief in many cafes, where no other medical affiftance could at that time be procured. By fuch vifits and practice, he became known to moft of the families on the weft fide of the Green Mountains; and was generally efteemed by them a man highly useful, both on account of his information and humanity.

About the year 1763 a scene began to open, which gave a new turn to his active and enterprifing fpirit. The lands on which the fettlements were inade, had been granted by the governors of New Hampshire. The gov ernment of New York claimed jurisdiction to the eastward as far as Connecticut river; denied the authority of the governor of New Hampshire to make any grants to the west of Connecticut river and announced to the inhabitants, that they were within the territory of New York, and had no legal title to the lands on which they had fettled. The controversy became very ferious between the two governments: And alter fome years fpent in altercation, New York procured a decifion of George III. in their

favor. This order was dated July 20, 1764, and declared, “the western banks of the river Connecticut, from where it enters the province of Maffachufeits Bay, as far north as the 45th degree of northern latitude, to be the boundary line between the faid two provinces of New Hampshire and New York." No fooner was this decree procured, than the governor of New York proceeded to make new grants of the lands, which the fettlers had before fairly bought of the crown, and which had been chartered to them in the king's name and authority by the royal governor of New Hampshire. All became a fcene of diforder and danger. The new patentees under New York brought actions of ejectment against the fettlers: The decifions of the courts at Albany were always in favor of the New York patentees; and nothing remained for the inhabitants but to buy their Jands over again, or to give up the labors and earnings of their whole lives to the new claimers under titles from New York.

In this fcene of oppreffion and distress, the fettlers difcovered the firm and vigorous fpirit of manhood. All that was left to them, was either to yield up their whole property to a fet of unfeeling land-jobbers, or to defend themselves and property by force. They wifely and virtuously chose the latter; and by a kind of common confent, Ethan Allen and Seth Warner became their leaders. No man's abilities and talents could have been better fuited to this bufinefs than Warner's. When the authority of New York proceeded with an armed force to attempt to execute their laws, Warner met them with a body of Green Mountain Boys, properly armed, full of refolution, and fo formidable in numbers and courage, that the gov ernor of New York was obliged to give up this method of proceeding. When the sheriff came to extend his executions, and eject the fettlers from their farms, Warner would not fuffer him to proceed. Spies were employed to procure intelligence, and promote divifion among the people : When any of them were taken, Warner caufed them to be tried by fome of the most difcreet of the people; and if declared guilty, to be tied to a aree and whipped. An officer came to take Warner by force: he confidered it as an affair of open hoflity; engaged, wounded, and difarmed the officer; but, with the honor and spirit of a foldier, Ipared the life of the enemy he had fubdued. Thefe fervices appeared in a very different light to the fettlers, and to the government of New York: The first confidered him as an eminent patriot and hero; to the other he appeared as the first of villains and rebels. To put an end to all further exertions, and to bring him to an exemplary punishment, the government of New York, on March 9th. 1774 paffed an act of outlawry against him; and a procla mation was iffued by W. Tryon, governor of New York, offering a reward of fifty pounds to any perfun who fhould apprehend him. Thefe proceedings of New York were beheld by him with contempt; and they had no other effect upon the fettlers, than to unite them more firmly in their oppofition to that government, and in their attachment to their own patriotic leader thus wantonly profcribed.

In fervices of fo dangerous and important a nature, Warner was engaged from the year 1765, to 1775. That year a fcene of the higheft magnitude and confequence opened upon the world: On the 19th of April, the American war was begun by the British troops at Lexington. Happily for the country it was commenced with fuch circumflances of infolence and cruelty, as left no 100m for the people of America to doubt what was the courfe which they ought to purfue. The time was come, in which total fubje&tion, or the horrors of war. mult take place. All America preferred the latter; and the people of the New Hampshire grants immediately undertook to fecure the British forts at Ticonderoga and Crown Point.

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Allen and Warner immediately engaged in the bufinefs. Allen took the command, and Warner raised a body of excellent troops in the vicinity of Bennington, and both marched against Ticonderoga. They furprised and took that fortrefs on the morning of the tenth of May; and Warner was fent the fame day with a detachment of the troops to fecure Crown Point. He effected the bufinefs, and fecured the garrifon, with all the warlike ftores, for the ufe of the continent.

The fame year Warner received a commiffion from Congrefs to raise a regiment, to affift in the reduction of Canada. He engaged in the business with his ufual spirit of activity; raised his regiment chiefly among his old acquaintance and friends, the Green Mountain Boys, and joined the army under the command of general Montgomery. The honorable Samuel Safford of Bennington, was his lieutenant colonel. Their regiment condu&ed with great fpirit, and acquired high applaufe, in the action at Longuiel, in which the troops defigned for the relief of St. Johns were totally de feated and difperfed, chiefly by the troops under the command of colonel Warner. The campaign ended about the 20th of November, in the course of which Ticonderoga, Crown Point, Chamblee, St. Johns, Montreal, and a fleet of eleven fail of veffels had been captured by the American arms. No man in this campaign had acted with more fpirit and enterprise than Col. Warner. The weather was now become fevere, and Warner's men were too miferably clothed to bear a winter's campaign in the fevere climate of Canada. They were accordingly discharged by Montgomery with particular marks of his refpect, and the most affectionate thanks for their meritorious fervices.

Warger returned with his men to the New Hampshire grants, but his mind was more than ever engaged in the caufe of his country. Montgomery, with a part of his army, preffed on to Quebec, and on December 31st was flain in an attempt to carry the city by torm. This event gave an alarm to all the northern part of the colonies; and it became necessary to raife a reinforcement to march to Quebec in the midft of winter. The dif ficulty of the bufinefs fuited the genius and ardor of Warner's mind. He was at Woodbury in Connecticut when he heard the news of Montgomery's defeat and death; he inftantly repaired to Bennington, raised a body of men, and marched in the midst of winter to join the American troops at Quebec. The campaign during the winter proved extremely diftreffing to the Americans: In want of comfortable clothing, barracks, and provifion, most of them were taken by the fmall pox, and feveral died. At the opening of the fpring in May 1776, a large body of British troops arrived at Quebec to relieve the garrilon. The American troops were forced to abandon the blockade with circumftances of great diftrefs and confufion. Warner chofe the most difficult part of the bufinefs, remaining always with the rear, picking up the lame and difeafed, affitting and encouraging those who were the molt unable to take care of themselves, and generally kept but a few miles in advance of the British, who were rapidly pursuing the retreating Americans from poit to poft. By fteadily pursuing this conduct he brought off most of the invalids; and with this corps of the infirm and difeafed he arrived at Ticonderoga, a few days after the body of the army had taken poffeffion of that poft.

Highly approving his extraordinary exertions, the American Congrefs on July 5, 1776, the day after they had declared Independence, refolved to raise a regiment out of the troops which had ferved with reputation in Canada. Warner was appointed colonel, Safford lieutenant-colonel of this regiment; and most of the other officers were perfons who had been diftinguished by their oppofition to the claims and proceedings of

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