Award: Its Effects Upon the Subsequent Training, Scholarship Aid, and Personal Status of the Recipient. Jour. Higher Educ., 28: 361-368, Oct. 1957. (Authors: (1) Director of Research; (2) President; both of National Merit Scholarship Corporation, Evanston, Ill.)

A questionnaire study of 556 high school seniors awarded scholarships and of 3,082 given certificates of merit in 1956. Shows their college attendance and choice of major field of study.

236. HOLLIS, ERNEST V.; LAND, WILLIAM G.; and MARTORANA, S. V. Survey of State Legislation Relating to Higher Education, July 1, 1958, to Dec. 31, 1959. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1960. (U.S. Office of Education Circular No. 618.) iv,200 p. (Authors: With U.S. Office of Education.)

Summarizes legislation regarding scholarships authorized and scholarships proposed in 31 States and territories. Similar summaries for 1956-57 and 1957-58, by same authors, in U.S. Office of Education Circulars Nos. 511 and 552.

237. HOLLOWAY, CHARLES M. Is College Really Inevitable? Pride, 4: 11-13, May 1960. (Author: Director of Information Services, College Entrance Examination Board, New York.)

Discussion of three areas of financial aid to students: State scholarship programs, the National Defense Act of 1958, and the College Entrance Examination Board. The last of these is discussed at considerable length.

238. How Your Town Can Provide Scholarships for Needy Children. Sch. Manage. 2: 59-61, Oct. 1958.

"Here's what Fall River did to give deserving students the opportunity to get a higher education. Your community can copy it-if your people care." Includes commendatory telegram from President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

239. HURD, BLAIR E. Scholarships: A Guide for Counselors, Parents, Students, Teachers. Sacramento, Calif.: California State Department of Education, Oct. 1957. iii,50 p. (Author: Coordinator of Teacher Recruitment, California State Department of Education.)

Gives detailed information on six classes of scholarships: (1) based on examinations,

(2) based on occupation or membership in organizations, (3) based on occupation of parents, (4) based on particular interests, aptitudes, or origins, (5) general scholarships, and (6) financial aid in certain California colleges and universities. Bibliography, 14 titles.

240. IFFERT, ROBERT E. College Scholarship Funds-Investment or Speculation? Higher Educ. 13: 143-146, Apr. 1957. (Author: With U.S. Office of Education.)

Based on No. 46. "Some of the gross findings of this study which bear on the relationship between scholarship funds and the characteristics of the users are reported here. During the period 1950-54 about 25 percent of all college students in the Retention and Withdrawal Study [No. 46] received some form of scholarship aid." Analyzes scholarship holders from various viewpoints. Conclusion: "Available evidence indicates that under present practices of awarding scholarships there is waste and inefficiency."

241.

Scholarship Funds and Extracurricular Activities. Higher Educ., 14: 51-55, Nov. 1957. (Author: See No. 240.)

A continuation of the study (No. 240.) based upon No. 46. "Further data from the Study are presented here, largely in tabular form, to compare the contribution being made to organized extracurricular activities on the campus by students who received no scholarship assistance with those having some but less than half of their college expenses paid from scholarship funds and with those having half or more of their expenses paid from scholarship funds." Conclusion: "Expressed in terms of the marketplace, scholarship money bought more participation in extracurricular activities among men than among women. Among men, the best buy was in intercollegiate athletics, and the poorest buy was in curriculum-related activities. Among women, the best buy was at the student government counter, and the poorest investment was in management."

242. It's Scholarships, 2 to 1. Superintendents Want Federal and/or State Governments To Aid Superior Public High School Graduates. Nation's Schools, 57: 58, Apr. 1956.

Summarizes nationwide sampling of superintendents of schools and quotes opinions of several of them on two questions: (1) Do you favor government scholarships to superior graduates of public high schools from (a)

Federal funds? Yes, 68 percent; No, 29 percent; (b) State funds? Yes, 71 percent; No, 29 percent. (2) If scholarships are granted to graduates of public high schools, should they also be offered to graduates of parochial and private schools? Yes, 60 percent; No, 40 percent.

243. JONES, J. SAMUEL, and EACHER, JAMES H. Finding $20,000 more for Scholarships. Coll. Board Review, No. 40: 29-32, Winter 1960. (Authors: Assistants to Director of Student Aid, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.)

Shows that by justly expecting a scholarship student to provide $100 more than in the past, Massachusetts Institute of Technology can offer 30 new grants averaging total tuition.

244. JONES, WILLIAM ALTEN. The Adequacy of Certain Measures Used in the Selection of Freshman State and Merit Scholarship Recipients at Indiana University. Bloomington, Ind.: 1955. 140 p. Abstract in Diss. Abstracts, 15: 15531554, Sept. 1955. Available on microfilm from University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Unpublished doctoral dissertation (Ed. D.) at Indiana University. Based on analysis of freshman State and Merit scholarship recip ients at Indiana University in 1953. Found that "high school rank was more efficient than the Indiana State Scholarship Test, not only in predicting academic performance but also in supplying a reliable distinction between the students awarded scholarships."

245. JOSEPHINA, Sister. The Merit Scholarship Winners.

"Presents in comparable form descriptions of the 250 member colleges of the College Board, with essential information about each one's location, size, terms of admission, programs of study, freshman year costs, financial assistance, and where to write for further information." Introductory section on "Financial Aid" (16 p.) gives information on 160 scholarship programs-national, organizational, and localized. Also list of colleges participating in the Board's College Scholarship Service,

1959-60.

247. KEESLER, OREON; MARTIN, JOSEPH; and KING, T. JULIA. Catalog of Scholarships and College Entrance Requirements for High School Graduates. San Jose and Redwood City, Calif.; Superintendents of Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties, September 1958. xxxvii, 236 p. (Authors: (1) Coordinator of Secondary Curriculum, Santa Clara County Schools; (2) and (3) Consultants, San Mateo County Schools.)

Gives detailed information regarding colleges in California and extensive information on scholarships in three groups: (1) Organizational Scholarships; (2) Governmental, Military, and Veterans Assistance; (3) College and University Scholarships.

248. KING, RICHARD G. The Educational Function of Financial Aid. Coll. Board Review, No. 26: 9-13, Spring, 1955. (Author: Assistant Director, College Entrance Examination Board, New York.)

"A development this year . . . has been a unique interinstitutional experiment in financial aid coordination and cooperation-the College Scholarship Service." Gives reasons its organization and plans for its development.

249.

The Changing Picture in Student Support. Educ. Record, 36: 246-249, July 1955. (Author: See No. 248.)

Portion of address at meeting of College Entrance Examination Board, Apr. 1955. Describes objectives and development of College Scholarship Service of the Board. "One of the healthy results of local coordination of financial aid is to increase the use of loan funds, particularly low-interest or no-interest funds." Conclusion: "The able-but-needy many can be given the higher education they deserve, but it will require understanding, sacrifice, and cooperation of colleges, foundations, corporations, parents, and students alike."

251.

Financial Thresholds to College. Coll. Board Review, No. 32: 2124, Spring 1957. (Author: Associate Director of Admissions, Harvard College.)

An analysis of the economic levels of scholarship students and of the optimum roles of Federal and college aid programs.

252. KRAMER, HOWARD D. How Colleges Select Scholarship Students. Parents Mag., 31: 42-44, 121–124, Apr. 1956. (Author: Staff of Air Force Personnel and Training Research Center.)

Discusses qualities, in addition to high grades, considered by some faculty committees in awarding scholarships. "The cluster of traits we are after-honesty, loyalty, moral courage, and responsibility-are not clearly marked in the teenage youngster. We have to be almost clairvoyant. . . It is always a shock... to find that we have plucked a lemon instead of the apple reached for. Fortunately this happens rarely."

253. LASOFF, BENJAMIN. Guide to Scholarships in Minnesota. Minneapolis, Minn.: Twin Cities Group Vocational Guidance Committee, 1959. 92 p.

Contains sections on suggestions for counselors, scholarship seekers, and parents, followed by detailed information on scholarships, arranged in 13 groups. Also brief treatment of loans and additional financial aids. Bibliography, 28 titles.

254. LEHMAN, CARL M. A Closer Look at Scholarship Aid. Coll. & Univ. Bus., 23: 45-46, Oct. 1957. (Author: Business Manager, Bluffton College, Ohio.)

Quotes approvingly John A. Pollard's definition, "A scholarship, rightly conceived, is a grant-in-aid to an exceptionally able but finan

cially needy student which will help in a substantial measure to close the gap between his or his family's available resources and the total annual cost to him of a college education." Reviews experience of various institutions and organizations regarding Federal scholarships. Reports results of survey of 181 scholarship students at Bluffton College.

255. LETSON, ROBERT JETSON. A Study of the Curators Freshman Scholarship and Award Students and Their Success in the University of Missouri, 1950–54. Columbia, Mo.: 1956. 246 p. Abstract in Diss. Abstracts, 16: 2077, Nov. 1956. Available on microfilm from University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Unpublished doctoral dissertation (Ed. D.) at University of Missouri. Covers work of 809 Curators Award students and 216 scholarship students. "Compared to other university students, the Award group and the Scholarship group contained a higher percentage of women and a larger proportion of graduates from the medium and smallsized high schools." Both groups, "were found to be markedly superior to other university students in all measures of scholastic achievement studied. The significantly higher performance of the Scholarship students would appear to justify the establishment of the two types of grants."

256. An Evaluation of a State University Scholarship Program. Coll. & Univ., 35: 191-194, Winter 1960. (Author: Assistant Professor of Education, University of Arizona.)

Based upon author's doctoral dissertation, No. 255. "Institutions interested in providing scholarships on a somewhat broader base than is now customary will find this program a feasible method of selecting worthy students."

257. Library Science Scholarships. Lib. Jour., 85: 1406, Apr. 1960.

Announcement of four scholarships by the Wisconsin Library Association at $1,000; three by Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore, Md., at $1,500; and one by New York Library Association at $1,000.

258. LITTLE, J. KENNETH. College Scholarships in Wisconsin. Educ. Record, 40: 348-352, Oct. 1959. (Author: Director of Institutional Studies, Professor of Education, University of Wisconsin.)

Analyzes the sources, extent, and importance of scholarships in the State. Based on

questionnaire responses from more than 38,000 undergraduates in 45 Wisconsin colleges, approximately 76 percent of all undergraduates enrolled in them. Finds that 19 percent of the group held some type of scholarship. More than 40 percent of the scholarships were awarded by agencies other than the institution itself. Nineteen percent had borrowed money for college expenses. More than 50 percent planned to work part time in college. States five principles on which a statewide program of student financial assistance should be based.

259. LOUGHARY, JOHN W. Scholarships and Counselor Obligations. High School Jour., 41: 354-357, May 1958. (Author: Guidance Director, University High School, State University of Iowa.)

Discusses obligation of counselors to secure adequate scholarship information from many sources and to secure data from students and their parents to make accurate appraisals possible.

260. LUCE, HELEN. Scholarships for Rural Librarians. Wilson Lib. Bull., 33: 680–681, May 1959. (Author: With U.S. Office of Education.)

Describes State library scholarship plans as adopted in five States-Missouri, New York, South Carolina, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

(Au

261. MCDONALD, WALLACE. Equalizing Scholarship Opportunities. Coll. Board Review, No. 33: 29-32, Fall 1957. thor: Director of Freshman Scholarships, Harvard College.)

States how and why Ivy League colleges came to agreement on financial aid offers to applicants they have in common. "I can honestly say that in the springtime before the scholarship letters have gone out in the second week in May, agreements reached with scholarship officers of other colleges have been warm and friendly, always with a feeling of sympathy for the scholarship applicant."

262. MAISEL, ALBERT Q. Talent HuntWith 175 Million Winners. Nat. Par. Teach., 53: 4-7, June 1959.

"To thousands of youngsters, a chance to develop their great gifts. To their country and the world, rich returns from a wise investment. That's what the National Merit Scholarship Program means."

263. MANNES, MARYA. "Nessfeness" at Harvard. Reporter, 14: 13-15, May 31, 1956. (Author: Staff Writer, Reporter.)

A case study of two Negro students at Harvard University, selected by the National

Scholarship Service and Fund for Negro Students (Nessfeness).

264. MICHAEL, LLOYD S. and SMITH, LYMAN J. The State Scholarship Program. Ill. Educ., 47: 107-108, Nov. 1958. (Authors: (1) Superintendent, Evanston Township High School, and Chairman, Illinois State Scholarship Commission; (2) Director, Illinois State Scholarship Commission.)

"The first class of State scholarship winners some 2,150 able young persons-enrolled this fall in 68 Illinois colleges and universities." Gives summary of the program, funds invested ($598,000), and fields of study of winners with largest number in science and mathematics (25 percent) and engineering (24 percent.)

265. MILLETT, JOHN D. Federal Scholarships. Jour. Higher Educ., 28: 469480, 515, Dec. 1957. (Author: President, Miami University, Ohio.)

Gives reasons, both educational and political, for his belief that system of Federal scholarships would harm rather than benefit higher education in the United States. "Educationally, a large-scale Federal scholarship program could lead to a sterile mediocrity for a substantial number of our present institutions of higher education."

Executive Secretary, California State Scholarship Commission.)

Describes and evaluates the program for the first three years of its operation. In 1957-58 there were 1,280 awards with average amount of $424. Award must be used only for payment of tuition and fees, not exceeding $600, in any college accredited by the Western College Association. "Utilization of these scholarships only for payment of tuition and fees tends over a period of time to divert substantial numbers of students into the independent colleges. This, in turn, eases the mounting pressure on the public colleges and the university."

269. MORSE, JOHN F. How and Why Scholarships Are Awarded. In College Entrance Examination Board's College Admissions: The Student from School to College (New York: 1957), p. 78–89. (Author: Director of Admissions, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York.)

Discusses development of scholarships from their 17th century origin, their varying purposes, methods of award, sponsorship, and problems. Describes especially the College Scholarship Service. "It seems almost incredible that in so short a time an organization could have grown to encompass over 150 of the Nation's colleges, have handled the basic parts of 60,000 scholarship applications, and have analyzed the financial needs of 15,000 parents, meanwhile inspiring, serving, and in many cases advising some 16 of the largest national scholarship programs."

270. NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE BOARD. Tuition-Aid Plans for Employees. New York: The Board, 1956. 69 p.

No. 151.)

(Studies in Personnel Policy,

Based on analysis of practices of 166 industrial companies ranging in size from those with less than 250 employees to those having many thousands of employees. Reports on eligibility rules, types of schools and courses recognized, correspondence courses, tuition payment practices, administration of plans. dollar expenditure per participant, and benefits.

271. NATIONAL MERIT SCHOLARSHIP CORPORATION. Merit Scholarship for American Business. Evanston, Ill.: The Corporation, 1957. 36 p.

Gives detailed information concerning each of 64 business organizations sponsoring National Merit Scholarships in 1956 and 1957. Largest number was 200, provided by Sears Foundation,

272. Ability Among America's Young People: Fourth Annual Report, 1958-59. Evanston, Ill. The Corporation, 1959. 32 p.

Recognizing Exceptional

Summarizes 4 years history during which 960,000 students in almost 15,000 secondary schools took qualifying examinations and 3,465 were awarded scholarships with estimated value of more than $15,000,000. States plans for fifth year of operation. "The Merit Scholarship Program by the end of its fourth year had thoroughly established itself as a valuable force in American education. The national examinations used have been praised as among the best available for determining aptitude and readiness to profit from a college education." Bibliography of 10 published studies and 7 others completed and in press.

SERVICE Annual

273. NATIONAL SCHOLARSHIP AND FUND FOR NEGRO STUDENTS. Report, 1957-58. (Richard L. Plaut, President.) New York: The Fund, 1958. 43 p.

Records activities for the year and describes significant advances toward "ultimate goal of equality of educational opportunity for all young Americans from economically and culturally deprived groups."

274. The Needs of Higher Education in Maryland. Baltimore, Md.: State Department of Education, 1955. xv,127 p.

Report of Commission appointed by Gov. Theodore R. McKeldin. Contains 10 chapters studying problems of financial support, enrollment, specialized preparation, and other features. Makes 22 recommendations including one for a system of State scholarships for "exceptionally worthy students." But ap

pendix contains minority report from three members of the Commission strongly opposing such scholarships as "an indirect public subsidy to nonpublic institutions of higher learning to which they are opposed in principle." Bibliography, 20 titles.

275. NEIDT, CHARLES O. The Use of Test Results and Cumulative Grade Averages in Selecting Upperclass Scholarship Recipients. Coll. & Univ., 34: 316– 321, Spring 1959. (Author: Chairman, Department of Educational Psychology and Measurement, University of Nebraska.)

"It was the purpose of this study to determine the relative amount of emphasis which the cumulative grade averages and the scores on scholastic aptitude and achievement tests should receive in considering ap