having a row of port-holes on each side, very small and narrow without, but widened within so as to range about ninety degrees of the horizon. Of these the last was removed about thirtyfive years ago. Others which were occupied in times of danger by a number of families were more extensive, and more thoroughly finished. Such an one was "Vaughan's Garrison," part of which remains to the present day in the house of Seth Storer, Esq. An old lady, who at the time of her death had nearly completed a hundred years, and who attended school several years of her childhood in Vaughan's Garrison, has left a general description of its structure, which will give us an idea of its great strength and security. There were four flankers built of hewn timber, about sixteen feet square; and when the walls had been carried up ten feet, there was a floor laid, and the walls projected horizontally a foot or more, so as to give an opportunity to fire at any one who should attempt to scale the wall. These four flankers were connected with each other by a wall of timber about fifty feet on a side; and the garrison of course stood within the enclosure. To make " assurance doubly sure," the house thus protected by the wall of solid timber, was planked up with oak four inches in thickness, and these plank remain in the house now. Eleven families resided together in this garrison for seven years in perfect harmony, for "the war without made peace within." This house, and that occupied by Saml. Tompson, Esq., are the only garrisons now left standing. This mode of life, in the midst of constant dangers, in some instances afforded the women an opportunity of displaying with good effect their presence of mind 'and courage. Numerous examples of such exhibitions, as honorable to the sex as they are remarkable, occur in the history of the Indian Wars. We have room for but one relating to one of our own townswomen. Mrs. Saml. Plaisted of Winnock's

* Mrs. Anthony Libby.

Neck routed a force of some twenty savages with no other assistance than that of a child four years old. The Indians had entirely surrounded the house, and were on the point of entering before Mrs. P. discovered them. No sooner was she conscious of her danger than it occurred to her to employ a novel means of defence. She immediately began calling over several names in quick succession, being careful to use the names of persons whom the Indians feared as they did the Evil Spirit, and to shout loud enough to be distinctly heard by those about the house. She gave out orders for the defence, now directing this one, and now another, and at the same time driving an iron ramrod into an empty gun barrel with all the rattling possible; while the little child, her only companion, obeyed orders perfectly by upsetting the chairs and everything else it could move. This was the work of a moment; but it was a decisive moment with the Indians; for hearing all this confusion, and not doubting in the least but that all the dreaded persons named by Mrs. P. were rushing out upon them, they were soon out of sight and hearing in the thick woods. Such were the mothers of the heroes of the last quarter of the eighteenth century.

In October 1748 a treaty of peace was concluded between England and France, and the next year a treaty with the Indians was ratified at Falmouth. Another war broke out in 1754, but this town was not visited by the enemy during it. New settlements had now sprung up along the frontier, which served as a protection to those on the coast by drawing off the attention of the enemy. The Indians would not attempt the fortified settlements, while there were those back from the coast when they could more easily effect their bloody purposes. After the peace of 1749 this town suffered little from the Indians. Few towns in N. England suffered so much in proportion to their population as Scarborough, during the first and second

Indian wars. Of the deaths by savage hands in town about one hundred are recorded, many others must have occurred of which there is no memorial. The settlement at Black Point being the largest suffered most, having furnished nine-tenths of the victims.

In 1758 Louisburg was again taken, and in the following year occurred the conquest of Quebec. These victories were the death-blow to French power in America and upon surrender of Montreal the whole of Canada was ceded to the English.*

* By resolve of the General Court the "French Neutrals' were distributed among the several Towns, the number for each being determined "agreeable to ye Province Tax and their circumstances." The following document gives an account of this distribution, and also shows the relative rank of the several Towns of the Province in 1760. It is a letter from Hon. John Hill the chairman of the committee on the apportionment of Neutrals. "BERWICK July 18 1760.

HONORABLE SIR,

After due respect this comes to inform you that the French Neutrals that were sent to the County of York from the County of Middlesex, with those that were there before, have been apportioned to and among the several towns by the Committee appointed for the purpose as followeth

The reception of this good news filled all New England with illuminations and thanksgivings; expressions of joy and gratitude in which our townsmen joined with all their hearts.

STATISTICS.

CHAPTER XII.

SETTLEMENT OF MACHIAS. KING RIOT.

After the peace of 1749 the inhabitants generally returned to their wonted occupations, and were soon established again in the enjoyment of that undisturbed prosperity with which they had been favored during the long season of peace preceding the war. In 1761 a return was made of the polls and estates of this town, which shows a decided advance upon its former prosperous condition. The following are the most interesting items of this census: "310 taxable polls, 190 Houses, 17 Mills, 9 slaves, 297 Tons of shipping, 199 Horses, 448 oxen 633 Cows, 1067 Sheep, 257 Swine, 6613 Bushels of grain, 907 Tons of English Hay, 426 Tons meadow hay, 1467 Tons Salt Hay. The following year, 1762 the crops were almost wholly cut off by a remarkable drought. It was this circumstance which led to the settlement of Machias by several of our inhabitants. The particulars of this important movement are these: "In consequence of the drought which prevailed in the eastern part of Maine during the years 1761 and '62, the people living in the seaboard towns in that vicinity were accustomed to procure Hay for their cattle from the salt marshes on the rivers east of the Penobscot. In these visits, some of the inhabitants of Scarborough (particularly in 1672) went as far east as the Machias. On the western branch of this river, they not only found an abundance of the grass of which they were in search, but a fine water-power at the head of tidewater navigation, surrounded by unbroken forests of timber.

Upon their return from one of these visits in 1762, Isaiah Foster, Isaac Larrabee, of Scarborough, and others whose names are not now known, during the following winter, formed an association for the purpose of removing to Machias, there to build mills and engage in the business of lumbering. This association consisted of the following named persons:

Samuel Scott, Sylvanus Scott, (Brothers ;) Timothy Libby, David Libby, George Libby, (Brothers ;) Solomon Stone, John Stone, (Brothers ;) Daniel Hill, Japhet Hill, (Brothers ;) Isaiah Foster, Westbrook Berry, Isaac Larrabee, Daniel Fogg, all of Scarborough; Thomas Buck of Plymouth, captain of a coaster, Jonathan Carlton of Sheepscot, and Wm. Jones of Portsmouth, N. H; making sixteen in all. Jones was a merchant, who was not expected to go, and did not go to Machias, but furnished supplies for the association. For this, he was to be entitled to an equal share in the mill proposed to be built, and all other privileges. In May 1763, they all (with the exception of Jones) embarked on board of a small vessel commanded by Buck, and arrived at Machias about the 20th of that month. Joel Bonney, Millwright, and Wooden Foster, Blacksmith, both of Scarborough, went with them, being engaged by the association as the principal mechanics to work on the mill, Larrabee and Berry took their wives and three children each with them at this time.

Upon their arrival they built a large double Log House within eight or ten rods of the falls where the mill was to be erected. Water Street now passes directly over the site of this house. This Mill was completed with all the despatch practicable, and finished in good season before the winter commenced. In August of this year the wives and families of nine others of the association were brought to Machias by Capt. Joseph Wallis, who was engaged by one of the Libbys. Wallis took with him a small supply of provisions, and received lumber