stronger Instances of this, than in the Servants imported from Europe of different Trades; as soon as the time stipulated in their Indentures is Expired, they immediately quit their masters, and get a small tract of Land, in settling which for the first three or four years they lead miserable lives, and in the most abject Poverty; but all this is patiently borne and submitted to with the greatest cheerfulness, the satisfaction of being Landholders smooths every difficulty, & makes them prefer this manner of living to that comfortable subsistence which they could procure for themselves and their families by working at the Trades in which they were brought up.

The Master of a Glass-house; which was set up here a few years ago now a Bankrupt, assured me that his ruin was owing to no other cause than being deserted in this manner by the Servants, which he had Imported at a great expence; and that many others had suffered and been reduced as he was, by the same kind of misfortune.

The little Foundry lately set up near this Town for making Small Iron Potts is under the direction of a few private persons, and as yet very inconsiderable.

As to the Foundaries which Mr Hasenclaver has set up in the different parts of this Country, I do not mention them, as he will be able to give your Lordships a full account of them and of the progress he has already made; I can only say that I think this Province is under very great obligations to him for the large sums of money he has laid out here in promoting the Cultivation of Hemp, and introducing the valuable Manufacture of Iron and Pot Ash.

I have the honor to be &c.

H. MOORE.

GOV. MOORE TO LORD HILLSBOROUGH.

[Lond. Doc. XLI.]

Fort George, New York, 7 May. 1768.

My Lord-I have the honour to transmit to your Lordship the copy of a letter I wrote in the beginning of the last year to the Lords Commissioners for Trade & Plantations, in answer to a

letter I received from their Lordships in consequence of the Address of the House of Commons to His Majesty concerning the Manufactures of this Country, dated March 27th 1766. Another copy of this Address has been inclosed to me in your Lordships Letter marked No 3, to which I must make the same answer, as the Progress of Manufactures in this part of the world by no means corresponds with the pompous accounts given of them in the public papers.

No mention is made in the former Letter of the great quantities of Leather being tanned in this Country, as this branch of business has been carried on for many years; the leather is greatly inferior in quality to that made in Europe; and they are not yet arrived to the perfection of making Sole-leather. Your Lordship may be assured that I shall, from time to time, give every due information required in this Address, and be particularly attentive to any new Establishments of which we have no instances since my last letter, except in the paper-Mill begun to be erected within these few days, at a small distance from the Town.

REPORT OF HIS EXCELLENCY WILLIAM TRYON, ESQUIRE,

CAPTAIN GENERAL AND GOVERNOR IN CHIEF IN AND OVER THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK AND THE TERRITORIES DEPENDING THEREON IN AMERICA, CHANCELLOR AND VICE ADMIRAL OF THE SAME-ON CERTAIN HEADS OF ENQUIRY RELATIVE TO THE PRESENT STATE & CONDITION OF HIS MAJESTY'S SAID PROVINCE

[Lond. Doc. XLIV.]

Question No. 1.

What is the situation of the Province under your Government, the nature of the Country soil and Climate: the Latitudes and Longitudes of the most considerable places in it: have those Latitudes and Longitudes been settled by good Observations, or only by common Computations, and from whence are the Longitudes computed?

Situation of the province.

Answer.

The Province of New York is situated on the Atlantic Ocean which washes its Southern shores: The Colonies of Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, and New Hampshire lying to the East, Quebec to the North, and New Jersey, Pensylvania and the Indian Country to the West.

Nature of the
Country and its

The Face of the Country is every where uneven, scil. with all thevariety of Soil to be found any where. In the Northern Parts are low lands enriched by the overflowing of Rivers, but little of this sort lies within seventy miles of the city of New York the Metropolis-The soil in general is much thinner and lighter in the Southern, than in the Northern Parts and having been longer under Culture and subject to bad Husbandry, is much more exhausted.

Climate. The Province extending nearly Four Degrees and a half of Latitude the difference of Climate between the Southern and Northern Parts is remarkable. In Summer the Heat is sometimes excessive, and in general much greater than in England-Melons