room; for if they are in a cold place their temperature may be dangerously diminished, whereas no great diminution of animal heat. will be experienced if they are kept in a warm place.

EXPERIMENT XX.—To a dog of about 16 lbs. weight the tincture was administered, in repeated doses as in Experiment II., until the pulse was reduced to 31 beats in the minute. A teaspoonful of tincture, of cantharides was then given in a little water; the vomiting and retching were quickly suppressed; in 7 minutes, the pulse had risen to 42-in 15 minutes it was 49; a teaspoonful dose of tincture of cantharides was then repeated. In half an hour from the administration of the first dose the pulse was 54, and the dog seemed in a great measure to have recovered from his depression. This same experiment was repeated seven times with this dog, with very similar results. The tincture of cantharides did not produce strangury, even when pushed to 3iv within the hour.

To another dog it was administered three times, after the depressing effects of veratrum viride, in doses of 3ij twice repeated at an interval of 30 minutes, and it quickly relieved the depression and the sinking pulse, but produced a hard and frequent pulse, many beats quicker than when the experiment was commenced. There was also, with this dog, at each experiment, great thirst, but no strangury or purging; at the two last trials there was priapism.

EXPERIMENT XXI.—To a large dog, weighing about 30 lbs., 3iss of tincture of cantharides was administered every 15 minutes until 3ix were given. The pulse at the first dose was 93 in the minute; it gradually increased, becoming hard, wiry, and too rapid to count. In 2 hours and 40 minutes he had a bloody stool, evidently accompanied by severe abdominal pains; the respiration was hurried; there was great thirst, and painful priapism. At the expiration of three hours from the administration of the cantharides, 3j of the tincture of veratrum viride was given. In 18 minutes the priapism had ceased, and apparently the abdominal pains also. In 30 minutes the pulse could be counted, 114 in the minute. He now vomited once, throwing up a quantity of water; he then lay down, and did not move for two hours; the pulse was at that time 89. The next day he seemed quite well.

Upon this dog this experiment was repeated four times, three times with somewhat similar results as above stated, the resinoid tincture being given. On the fourth trial, but little water was given him, and he died in convulsions before the veratrum viride could be

administered. The kidneys, bladder, and mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines were much congested.

Of the different medicines I have administered, these two, veratrum and cantharides, seem to me to be the most directly antidotal, and wherever I have found an inordinate degree of depression. caused by any of the preparations of veratrum viride, I have obtained the quickest and most complete relief from these symptoms with cantharides. I have administered it twice with equally beneficial effects in the human subject.

EXPERIMENT XXII.—A cur dog, troubled with hydrocele of the left testis, was brought to me. I withdrew the fluid by means of Wade & Ford's hypodermic syringe, and injected into the cavity 20 minims of concentrated tincture diluted with one drachm water. It was three hours after the operation before any effect was noticed upon the pulse, and its greatest diminution in five hours was only 20 beats in the minute. The dog was kept, and in two weeks the cure of the hydrocele was complete.

EXPERIMENT XXIII.-One fluidounce of blood was drawn from the femoral vein of a large cur dog into a graduated glass. Twenty minims of the tincture of veratrum viride was then administered by hypodermic injection, and in one hour after another ounce of blood was drawn in, as nearly as possible, the same manner into a similar graduated glass. Both were put aside, and in six hours it was almost impossible to tell them apart.

EXPERIMENT XXIV.-A fluidounce of blood was drawn, under like circumstances, from a small cur dog. An ounce of the tincture was then thrown into the stomach with a little water. In 1 hour there was vomiting. The same quantity of blood was then drawn as before, and both were set aside until the next morning (7 hours). There was scarcely any difference in appearance.

These experiments were performed in order to ascertain whether veratrum viride, like many of the salines and antimonials, diminishes the amount of fibrin in the blood or causes any difference in appearance. The results would indicate that it does not.

EXPERIMENT XXV.—A compress was applied to the femoral artery and a strong ligature tied very tightly around the right thigh of a small dog, the nerve having been dissected up and left out of the ligature. Two drachms of the tincture were thrown into the stomach, and as vomiting was induced, one drachm of the tincture was thrown into the opposite femoral artery. Death ensued immediately. About an hour after the death of the animal, the muscles

were laid bare in several places and but little effect was produced upon them by galvanism; but upon the right leg below the ligature galvanism produced active movements of the muscles, as in death from ordinary causes.

This proves that the action upon the muscles is communicated through the blood and not through the nerves.

This dog, before the application of the ligature, was fully under the effects of chloroform.

EXPERIMENT XXVI.-To a small, quiet, and very easily managed pet dog, small doses were repeatedly given to see the smallest amount that would produce a noticeable effect upon the pulse;

minim every hour would, at the expiration of five or six hours, make a slight difference in the pulse, but or minim at like intervals produced no effect.

Whenever I have found a dog more than ususlly quiet, I have repeated these experiments, and the limit at which it produces an effect is quite marked. The minim every 15 minutes for four hours produces no noticeable effect.

DIVISION SECOND.

EXPERIMENTS ELUCIDATING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF THE RESINOID PRINCIPLE OF VERATRUM VIRIDE ON ANIMALS.

EXPERIMENT I.-Five minims of the tincture, made from the resinoid principle alone, was injected by Wade & Ford's hypodermic syringe into the cellular tissue of the right thigh of a dog weighing about 14 lbs. The dog had eaten nothing for 14 hours. The pulse was 146. The same dose was repeated every fifteen minutes until eight doses had been injected; the pulse constantly and steadily diminishing.

Five minutes after the eighth dose, the dog lay upon his side and would make no effort to get up; the pulse was 32. Four minim doses were then injected into the opposite thigh every five minutes. The fourth dose was hardly given before the heart's pulsations ceased. Autopsy immediate. The heart was instantly exposed and both sides were found filled with blood. Upon the aortic valves, and forming a perfect network over them, were threads of fibrin, which adhered with much tenacity; but there was no appearance of inflammation and no doubt the fibrin had formed, in consequence of the sluggishness of the circulation, which

for some fifteen minutes before death counted only 8 in the minute. With this dog the flow of saliva was very abundant, and the urine was passed involuntarily before death.

Upon application of electro-magnetism, ten minutes after the heart was removed, the muscles were not excited into action. The lungs and mucous membrane of the stomach were congested. It was found that the last injection had passed into a vein.

EXPERIMENT II.-To a large cur dog, weighing about 25 lbs., 30 minims of the resinoid tincture of veratrum viride (containing 13 gr. of resin) were thrown into the stomach at

EXPERIMENT III.-To another dog, weighing about 20 lbs., 3ss of the same resinoid tincture, containing 13 gr. of resin, was given on a piece of bread, which was thrust down the throat.

vomited many times, the latter vomit being viscid,
ropy mucus and bile.

EXPERIMENT IV.-Half a drachm of the same resinoid tincture was thrown, by the hypodermic syringe, into the cellular tissue under the fore leg of a dog weighing 25 lbs.

3.30

salivation.

Pulse 96

แ

72

vomited and freely purged; vomiting continued
until viscid mucus and bile were thrown up,
and then bile alone.

intense uneasiness and cries caused by the painful
contractions of the diaphragm in vomiting.

Pulse intermittent 52
walks with unsteady and uncertain movements of
the voluntary muscles, especially of the hind
legs, which are kept wide apart.
pupils widely dilated.

Pulse 40

salivation profuse, moaning cries and painful con

traction of the abdomen, respiration 84. Pulse 122

This dog was well the next morning.

EXPERIMENT V.—Twenty minims of the resinoid tincture were thrown into the stomach of a dog, whose weight was about 16 lbs., at 3.45 o'clock P. M., the pulse being 143.

In ten minutes it vomited, and the same dose was repeated.

9

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unable to stand, pulse thready,

intermittent, could not be counted. During the
next day it vomited several times, seemed in
great pain, moaned, pulse could not be counted.
Died during the night.

EXPERIMENT VI.-Half a drachm of the same resinoid tincture of veratrum viride was thrown, by hypodermic injection, into the side of a large dog weighing about 30 lbs.

11.45 A. M.

11.56 66
saliva flows very freely, purged, restless.
12.03 P. M. vomited freely viscid mucus and bile.

Pulse 165

106