that infection from certain contagious diseases, which are common to man and the domestic animals, might follow." The opposition which these views encountered is then referred to, particularly that of Professor J. W. S. Arnold, of the University of New York, who stated that he had examined with the microscope the two substances, and found their "optical appearance alike," which is accounted for, according to Mr. Michels, by the Professor having allowed the oleomargarine manufactory to prepare the specimen examined. A letter from the Rev. W. H. Dallinger as to a temperature of 120° F. not being permanently injurious even to adult forms of putrefactive organisms is given, and Mr. Michels concludes by referring to "the following independent confirmation, which was published in the 'Scientific American,' giving the result of the appearance of butter and oleomargarine under the microscope, by Mr. Thomas Taylor, Microscopist of the Department of Agriculture at Washington. Mr. Taylor reports that when pure dairy butter is viewed under the microscope, the forms consist of oil-globules, and the crystals of common salt; when a specimen of oleomargarine was examined in the same manner, the field was speckled over with shiny particles, and it was demonstrated that these glistening particles were crystals of fat. In using a power of 250 diameters, animal tissue is seen more or less all over the field. One specimen of oleomargarine was highly charged with animal tissue and crystals of urate of magnesia, showing the fat used in this case to have been impure, which would seem to prove that the assertions made by the oleomargarine manufacturers as to the perfect purity of the fats used by them, are not altogether correct. From this it would appear that oleomargarine may be easily known from butter by the aid of the microscope, and that any impurities in the fats of which it may be composed may be readily detected." Microscopical Slides of Lichens.-The intended issue is announced (by Messrs. Joshua and Holmes) of a series of microscopical slides, illustrating the principal families, genera and sub-genera of lichens, to be followed by a series of specimens of lichens of which no figures have been published. The specimens are to be as typical as can be procured, and will consist of sections of the apothecia, showing all the various parts. Limits of Microscopic Vision.-Extracts from a letter from Professor Stokes, Sec. R.S., as to Fraunhofer's formula, and one from Mr. J. Mayall, jun., will be found with the discussion on Dr. Pigott's paper, in the Proceedings,' at p. 389. Pygidium of Insects. The discussion at the November meeting on this subject will also be found in the 'Proceedings,' at p. 390. Raphidiophrys pallida.-A note by Professor E. Ray Lankester on this Rhizopod (new to this country) will be found at p. 393. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Books: Barry, A. de: Micro-photographs of Botanical Preparations. Part I. (10 plates.) (Strassburg.) Berger, Emil: Researches on the Structure of the Brain and the Retina of the Arthropoda. (5 plates.) (Vienna.) Braithwaite, R., M.D., F.L.S.: The Sphagnacea, or Peat-Mosses of Europe and North America. (With 29 plates.) (London.) Drysdale, Dr. J.: The Germ Theories of Infectious Diseases. (London.) Duval, Dr. M.: Précis of Microscopical and Histological Technic. (With 43 woodcuts.) (Paris.) Exner, Professor S.: Guide to the Microscopic Investigation of Animal Tissues. Second Edition. (With 7 woodcuts.) (Leipzig.) Eyferth, B.: The Simplest Forms of Life. Systematic Natural History of the Microscopical Inhabitants of Fresh Water. (With 5 plates.) (Brunswick.) Fayel, Ch. My Photographic Microscope. (Caen.) Foster, Michael, M.D., F.R.S., and F. M. Balfour, M.A.: The Elements of Embryology. Part I. (London.) Funcke and Thelen: Micro-photograms. (Witten.) Magnin, A.: The Bacteria. (Paris.) Marsh, Dr. S. Section Cutting; a Practical Guide to the Preparation and Mounting of Sections for the Microscope. (With 5 woodcuts.) (London.) Mereschkowsky, K. S.: Studies on the Protozoa of Northern Russia. (St. Petersburg.) Recklinghausen and Meyer: Micro photographs of Pathological-Anatomical Preparations. Part I. (10 plates.) (Strassburg.) Stein, Dr. Fr. Ritter von: The Organisation of the Infusoria according to accurate Researches. Part III. The Natural History of the Flagellata. 1st Half. (24 plates.) (Leipzig.) Strassburger, E.: Fructification and Cell Division. (With 9 plates.) (Jena.) Thuret, G: Phycological Studies. Analyses of Marine Algae. Fol. (With 50 plates.) (Paris.) Tieghem (P. v.): Third Memoir on the Mucorini. (With plates.) (Paris.) White, Dr. R., jun.: Microscopic Organisms in Cochituate Water. (Cambridge, U.S.) Journals, Transactions, de: ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. Fifth Series, Vol. II., No. 11 (for November) : : On the Structure and Affinities of the Genus Catagma. By W. J. Sollas, M.A., FG.S., &c. (With a plate.) Studies on Fossil Sponges. II. Lithistide. By Karl Alfred Zittel. (Continued.) Miscellaneous. The Nauplius Stage of Prawns. By Fritz Müller and C. Spence Bate.-Amphipoda in Sponges. By the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, M.A.— On the Oviposition of the Queen Bee and Dzierzon's Theory. By M. J. Pérez. (From Comptes Rendus.')-On the Cause of Buzzing in Insects. By M. Jousset de Bellesme. (From Comptes Rendus.')-On the Ascarides of the Seals and Toothed Whales. By Dr. H. Krabbe. (From Oversigt af Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl,' i. Aaret, 1878.) No. 12 (for December): New Hydroida from Ochotsk, Kamtschatka, and other parts of the North Pacific Ocean. By C. Mereschkowsky. (With 2 plates) Studies on Fossil Sponges. II. L thistide. By Karl Alfred Zittel. Miscellaneous. On the Parthenogenesis in Bees. 'Comptes Rendus.')-The Development of Ligula. Ann. des Sci. Nat.') GREVILLEA (No. 42) for December: By M. E. Samson. (From New Diatoms. By Professor H. L. Smith, LL.D. (From Am. Quar. Mic. Jour.') Rehm's Ascomyceten. New Diatoms. By Professor P. T. Cleve. With notes by F. Kitton, Hon. F.R.M S. Californian Sphæriæ. By Charles B. Plowright. HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP for November: Fossil Polyzoa. The Genus Fenestella: its History, Development, and Range in Space and Time. I. History of the Genus. By G. R. Vine. (With 4 woodcuts.) Microscopy. The Congress of Microscopists (held at Indianapolis).—Microscopical Society of Liverpool (Meeting of 11th October).-A Remarkable Photograph (Lord's Prayer in 1 of a square inch). A few Words about a little Gnat. By Edward Cox. (With a woodcut.) Microscopy-Varnish for Glycerine Mounts.-New Diatoms.-Diatoms in Coal. -A Collecting Stick. NATURE: October 24:-On a New Method of Studying the Optical Characters of Minerals. (Address by the Chairman, H. C. Sorby, F.R.S., Pres. G.S., &c., at the Meeting of the Yorkshire Geological and Polytech ic Society, held in Selby, on March 13.) November 28:-Biological Notes:-Gall-making Insects. THE JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY (BOTANY), Vol. XVII., No. 99 (issued 5th November): The Fungi of Texas. By M. C. Cooke, A.L.S. On the Mechanism for the Fertilisation of Meyenia erecta, Benth. By R. Irwin Lynch, of Kew Gardens. (With a woodcut.) Remarks on Mr. Crombie's Paper on the Challenger' Lichens in 'Jour. Linn. Soc., vol. xvi. By James Stirton, M.D., F.L.S. (ZOOLOGY) Vol. XIV., No. 76 (issued 31st October) :— The Life-History of Filaria Bancrofti, as explained by the Discoveries of Wucherer, Lewis, Bancroft, Manson, Sonsino, myself, and others. By T. Spencer Cobbold, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., Professor of Botany and Helminthology, Royal Veterinary College. On the action of Limpets (Patella) in sinking Pits in and abrading the surface of the Chalk at Dover. By J. Clarke Hawkshaw, M.A., F.G.S. JOURNAL OF THE QUEKETT MICROSCOPICAL CLUB, No. 38 (October):On an Apparatus for facilitating the use of "Powell's Small Bull's-eye" Illuminator in the Resolution of Test Objects. By Geo. Williams. (With a plate.) On the Influence of Diffraction in Microscopic Vision. By Frank Crisp, LL.B., B.A., Sec. R.M.S., V.P.Q.M.C. (With a plate.) Address by the President, Henry Lee, Esq., F.L.S., F.G.S., delivered at the Annual Meeting, July 26, 1878. Proceedings of the Meetings of 10th and 24th May, 14th and 28th June, 12th and 26th July. Thirteenth Report of the Club, List of Members, Rules, &c. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY AND POPULAR SCIENCE for October :- Volvox globator. By A. W. Bennett, M.A., B.Sc., F.L.S. (With a plate.) (From Pop. Sc. Rev.') A few Remarks on Insect Dissection. By T. Charters White, M.R.C.S., F.R.M.S., &c. (From Journal of Quekett Microscopical Club.') Professor Abbe on the Defining and Resolving Powers of the Microscope. On a Method of Mounting whole Insects without Pressure for the Binocular Microscope. By Staniforth Green. (From 'Journal of the Quckett Microscopical Club.') The Effect of Politeness. (From 'Nature.') Oleomargarine. By John Michels. (With 2 woodcuts.) The Microscope in Medicine. (From King's Urological Dictionary.') The Hard Tissues of Animals-their Origin and Formation. Paper read by Mr. X. Clark before the San Francisco Microscopical Society, 19th September, 1878. To Remove tight Stoppers. (From Amateur's Handbook.')-Glass Working. (Ditto.)-Instruction in Microscopy.-New Rooms of the New York Microscopical Society. Deposits from Water of the Mississippi River.-The proposed Micrometric Unit-Correspondence.-Oiling the Microscope. C. S.-Transactions of the San Francisco Microscopical Society of 19th September. The Germ Theory of Disease and its present bearing upon public and personal Hygiene. A Lecture by Professor Jos. G. Richardson, M.D. (From the Medical Record.') Hyalodiscus subtilis and H. Californicus. By F. Kitton, Hon. F.R.M.S. With Notes by Professor H. L. Smith. (With 8 woodcuts.) Notes on Microscopic Life in the Buffalo Water Supply. By D. S. Kellicott. The Woodward Prism. The Weber Slide. (With a woodcut.) Carl Zeiss New Oil-Immersion Objective of -inch Focus. No. 5. By A. Schulze. (From the English Mechanic.') The "Oil-Immersion" of Carl Zeiss compared with the Objectives of C. G. Spencer and Sons. By Professor H. L. Smith, LL.D. (From Am. Quar. Mic. Jour.') A Correction (Micrometers). Our Book Tible.-The American Quarterly Microscopical Journal. . The Amateur's Handbook of Practical Information. Correspondence.-On Objectives: W. G. Lapham.-A query for Mr. Merriman : "Turntable."-Mr. Merriman's Answer.-Oleomargarine: W. H. Brewer, and Note by the Editor. Current Notes.-Professor P. J. Cleve's Diatoms, &c. Transactions of Societies.-San Francisco Microscopical Society: 3rd and 17th October.-State Microscopical Society of Illinois: 25th October.—Microscopical Section, Troy Scientific Association: 7th October. Exchanges. AMERICAN QUARTERLY MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL, Vol. I., No. 1 (October): The Sting of the Honey Bee. By J. D. Hyatt. (With 2 plates.) Description of New Species of Diatoms. By Professor H. L. Smith, LL.D. (With a plate.) Observations on several Forms of Saprolegnies. By F. B. Hine, B.S. (With 4 plates.) TheOil-Immersion" of Carl Zeiss compared with the Objectives of C. A. Spencer and Sons. By Professor H. L. Smith, LL.D. The Microscopical Examination of Fibers. By W. H. Seaman. A new Device for Dark-Field Illumination. By Professor Wm. Lighton. (With a woodcut.) On the Spore-Formation of the Mesocarpeæ. By E. Perceval Wright. (From 'Nature.') On the Structure of Blood-corpuscles. A Standard Micrometer. By R. Hitchcock. Editorial: Salutatory. Is there a Science of Microscopy?-Dredging in the Gulf of Mexico. The National Microscopical Congress.-Notes.-Laboratory Notes and Queries. Digest of Current Literature.-Book Notices.-Publications received. Transactions of the New York Microscopical Society: Introductory.-Micrometry. By Romyn Hitchcock.-Oblique Illumination and means of obtaining it. By R. Hitchcock. (With a woodcut.)-Proceedings -20th September. AMERICAN NATURALIST for October :— How Thistles spin. By Professor W. J. Beal. (With 7 woodcuts.) Microscopy.-National Microscopical Congress.-Microscopical Directory. Exchanges. JOURNAL DE MICROGRAPHIE for November : Micrography at the Exhibition of 1878. By Dr. J. Pelletan. of Precision. Class 15, Instruments The Lymphatic Hearts (continuation). By Professor L. Ranvier. Angular Aperture of Microscopic Objectives. By Dr. G. E. Blackham, President of the Microscopical Society of Dunkirk, U.S. (With a plate.) On Foreign Microscopes (continuation). By Dr. J. Pelletan. woodcuts.) Objectives with new Cover Adjustment (à liquide interposé). (With 2 The New Oil of Cedar' Immersion Objective of Carl Zeiss. (From the 'Bulletin of the Belgian Society of Microscopy.') The Cabinet of Microscopy of Mr. E. Wheeler. ANNALES DES SCIENCES NATURELLES (ZOOLOGIE), Sixth Series, Vol. VII., Nos. 2-4 (issued in August): Description of rare or new Crustacea of the French Coast. By M. Hesse. (With a plate.) Experiments on the Conditions of Development of the Ligule. (Abstracted from Comptes Rendus.') By M. Duchamp. (BOTANIQUE.) Sixth Series. Vol. VI., Nos. 5 & 6 (issued in October): Development of the Embryo-sac of the Angiospermous Phanerogams. By M. Julien Vesque. (With 6 plates.) COMPTES RENDUS Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, Vol. LXXXVI., No. 1 (7th January): Researches on the Intracellular Alcoholic Fermentation of Plants. By M. A. Muntz. On the Inversion and on the Alcoholic Fermentation of Cane Sugar by Mouldiness. By M. U. Gayon. Some Remarks on the Origin of the Alcoholic Yeasts. By M. A. Trécul. On the Formation of the Fibrin of Blood, studied with the Microscope. By M. G. Hayem. No. 2 (14th January) :- Note on M. Trécul's Communication in the last Number. By M. Pasteur. |