have a minimum of 100 volumes of standard works in their pedagogical libraries, and the State Board of Education reserves the right to raise this minimum requirement from time to time. In determining this minimum, duplicate copies will not be counted.

26. The board will recognize summer work in accredited colleges only when such work is done in a regularly organized term and by regular instructors; provided, that the amount of credit given shall not be greater than the amount of credit given for an equal time in the regular school year.

27. The texts to be used in all of the subjects embraced in the course are to be those approved by the State Board of Education, or those generally recognized as their equivalent.

28. Permanent records of the work of each student are to be kept, giving a full history of his entrance and course until graduation.

29. Institutions asking approval of their normal courses under the law of 1899 must maintain a course equivalent to one of the four-year courses at the State Normal School, including twenty weeks' practice teaching, under the head of the pedagogical department. Practice teaching referred to must not include any teaching for which pay is received.

30. The interpretation by the board of the term "practice teaching," as contained in the law (Laws of 1899, chapter 179, section 3), is, that it means actual model-school work as given at the State Normal School, and that it requires the establishment of model schools, connected entirely with the institutions approved.

31. Certificates granted to graduates of normal courses of accredited institutions under the law of 1899 are not renewable. Not less than two years of resident work in an accredited college will be approved by the board, one of which shall be in the college granting the diploma.

32. Common-school texts in college subjects do not meet the standard approved by the board.

33. The awarding of a county certificate, or any other act within the jurisdiction of the county board of examiners, must have duly received, in the lawful course of business, the consent of at least two members of the board, in order to be, legally, an act of the board. County certificates can be legally granted only by the board.

A county certificate cannot be lawfully dated back beyond the time when the county board, in the lawful course of business, actually awarded the same.

Although the county board may, by revocation for cause, abridge, they cannot lawfully extend the time during which a certificate issued by them shall be in force, nor renew the same without a public examination of the holder thereof, except as provided by law.

A public examination is the only legal basis for the issuance of a certificate. It is the province of the board to determine the standing of the applicant in every study, and to inquire into the "competency" of the candidate to teach and govern a school successfully..

It is proper for the board to refuse a certificate to an applicant passing the necessary examination but not satisfying the board as to his ability to "teach and govern a school successfully."

SECTION 68. County Board of Examiners. [7485.] In each county there shall be a board of county examiners, composed of the county superintendent, who shall be ex officio chairman of the board, and two competent persons, holders of professional certificates or first-grade certificates, or of state certificates, or of diplomas from the state University, the State Normal School, or the State Agricultural College, who shall be appointed by the county commissioners on the nomination of the county superintendent, and shall serve one year from the time of their respective appointments, and each of whom shall receive for his services the sum of three dollars per day for not to exceed twenty-four days in any one year. (Laws 1905, ch. 390, sec. 1.)

SEC. 69. Public Examinations. [7486.] The board of county examiners, two of whom shall constitute a quorum, shall, on the last Saturday of January and of October, and on Saturday of the last week of the county normal institute, together with the Friday preceding each such Saturday, only at such places as may be designated by the chairman (who shall give ten days' notice of each examination), publicly examine all persons proposing to teach in the common schools of the county (cities of the first and second class excepted) as to their competency to teach the branches prescribed by law; said board shall open each separate package of questions not earlier than the hour specified thereon by the state superintendent, and shall give the candidates the questions at the hour specified for the beginning of the examination on that subject; said board of examiners shall issue certificates, as by law provided, to all such applicants as shall pass the required examination and satisfy the board as to their good moral character and ability to teach and govern schools successfully. (Laws 1905, ch. 391, sec. 1.)

SEC. 70. Examinations in Other Counties and at State Schools. [7487.] Applicants for any grade of county certificates for any county of the state may write in the examination given in any other county of the state, or, if students at the State University, State Agricultural College, or State Normal School or either of its auxiliaries, at an examination conducted by the presiding officer thereof, on the questions and under

the laws and regulations for the county examination; and the county examining board of any county, on receiving the papers, 、with a properly signed certificate on a blank to be provided by the state superintendent, together with one dollar for the institute fund for each applicant, shall issue certificates as provided in case of regular county examinations. (Laws 1905, ch. 391, sec. 2.)

SEC. 71. Special Examinations. [7488.] Each county superintendent may, if he deems it necessary, conduct a special examination at the time of the closing of normal institutes in some other county or counties; provided, that the examination conforms to the laws in all other respects, including the questions prepared for that examination, and it shall be the duty of the state superintendent to furnish these questions, if notified by the county superintendent ten days before the date of the examination that he has accepted fees from two or more candidates for that examination. (Laws 1905, ch. 391, sec. 3.)

SEC. 72. Fees. [7489.1 Each candidate for the examination under the provisions of section 2 and section 3 of this act shall pay a fee of one dollar for this examination if taken at a state educational institution, or two dollars if taken before a county examining board, one dollar of which shall go into the institute fund of the county in which the examination is written. (Laws 1905, ch. 391, sec. 4.)

[7517.] That

SEC. 73. Uniform System of Examinations. the State Board of Education is hereby instructed to prepare a series of questions for each examination, to be used in each county of the state of Kansas for the examination of teachers; and the state superintendent is hereby instructed to procure the printing of the same and distributing to the superintendents of the several counties in the state, as hereinafter provided. (Laws 1885, ch. 180, sec. 1.)

SEC. 74. Questions Shall be Forwarded. [7518.] The state superintendent shall forward all questions to the superintendents of the several counties in the state of Kansas; provided, that said questions shall be forwarded in time to reach their destination at east two days before required for use; and provided further, that said questions shall not be opened except in the presence of a majority of the examining board on the day and hour of examinations.34 (Laws 1885, ch. 180, sec. 2.)

34. See section 69 of this book.

35. Section 69 provides that the county board of examiners "shall publicly examine all persons proposing to teach as to their competency to teach the branches prescribed by law." Sections 162 and 85 indicate what branches shall be taught in the public schools.

Carrying Grades. The law does not authorize the carrying of grades from one examination to another, except as provided for first-grade cer

SEC. 75. Unlawful Use of Examination Questions. [7754.] It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or offer for sale, or buy or offer to buy, or to distribute, or have in his or her possession any printed or written examination questions prepared for any examination to be held for the purpose of testing the qualifications of persons desiring to be admitted to the practice of any of the professions in this state in which it is required that such persons be examined as to their qualifications, or any printed or written examination questions prepared for teachers' examinations for any of the schools of this state, or of any printed or written examination questions prepared for the final examination of any students in any of the higher institutions of learning of this state, desiring to graduate from said institutions, prior to the time of the holding of such examination. (Laws 1909, ch. 208, sec. 1.)

SEC. 76. Penalty for Unlawful Use of Examination Questions. [7755.] Any person selling or offering to sell, buying or offering to buy, distributing or having in his or her possession any such examination questions, contrary to the provisions of section 1 of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in a sum not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned in the county jail for not less than ten days nor more than six months. (Laws 1909, ch. 208, sec. 2.)

SEC. 77. Examiners Exempt. [7756.] The provisions of this act shall not be construed to prevent the proper officials or instructors whose duty it is to conduct the said examination, referred to in section 1 of this act, from having in their possession printed or written copies of such examination questions. (Laws 1907, ch. 208, sec. 1.)

SEC. 78. Grades of Certificates. [Laws 1911, ch. 277, sec. 1.] That section 1 and section 2 of chapter 341 of the Session Laws of 1907, and section 5 and section 6 of chapter 424 of the Session Laws of 1903 be and are hereby amended so as to read as follows: Certificates issued by county boards of examiners shall be of three grades, namely, third grade, second grade and first grade, and shall continue in force in the tificates in section 79 of this book, nor the granting of any privileges pertaining to the examination as a reward for attending normal institutes. Certificate in Case of Joint District. In the case of a joint district, the certificate must be issued by the board of examiners of the county in which the largest amount of territory is found.

36. This experience need not have been had in Kansas, nor in the public schools, but must be shown to the satisfaction of the board of examiners.

37. A first-grade certifica e may be indorsed in another county and thereafter may be renewed i that county.

order named for the respective periods of one year, two years and three years.

SEC. 79. Third Grade; Second Grade; First Grade. [Laws 1911, ch. 277, sec. 2.] Certificates of the third grade39 may be issued to persons of not less than eighteen years of age on passing a satisfactory examination; provided, that not more than two third-grade certificates may be issued to the same individual if the applicant has taught three months; provided further, that each applicant for a third-grade certificate shall give satisfactory evidence of good moral character, and shall by a written examination secure an average grade of seventyfive per cent, with no grade below sixty per cent, in the following branches: orthography, reading, writing, English grammar and composition, geography, arithmetic, United States history, including Kansas history, civil government, physiology and hygiene, elements of agriculture, the principles and methods of teaching, and such other branches as the State Board of Education may prescribe. Certificates of the second grade3s may be issued to persons of not less than eighteen years of age who have taught successfully not less than three school months and who shall give satisfactory evidence of good moral character, and who shall by a written examination secure an average grade of eighty per cent, with no grade below sixty per cent, in all the branches required for a third-grade certificate, and in such other branches as the State Board of Education may prescribe. Certificates of the first grade may be issued to persons of not less than twenty years of age, who shall have taught successfully for not less than twelve school months, who shall give satisfactory evidence of good moral character, and who shall fully satisfy the board of examiners of their ability to teach all the branches required for a secondgrade certificate, and such other branches as the State Board of Education may prescribe; provided, that by a written examination applicants shall secure an average grade of ninety per cent, with no grade below seventy-five per cent in any one branch; provided further, that any person holding a secondgrade certificate may retain for two years any grade of ninety per cent or more, secured at not to exceed four regular county teachers' examinations, and such grade shall be applied toward meeting the requirement for a first-grade certificate, but no grade received prior to the issuance of such second-grade certificate shall be so applied; and provided further, that a firstgrade certificate may be renewed at its expiration upon the payment of a fee of one dollar if it is shown that the holder has attended at least ninety per cent of the time of at least one normal institute, or has had six weeks' professional train

39. See section 83 of this book for validity in other counties. 38. See section 83 of this book for validity in other counties.