Armies without Nations: Public Violence and State Formation in Central America, 1821-1960Oxford University Press, 1 Apr 2004 - 352 halaman Public violence, a persistent feature of Latin American life since the collapse of Iberian rule in the 1820s, has been especially prominent in Central America. Robert H. Holden shows how public violence shaped the states that have governed Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Linking public violence and patrimonial political cultures, he shows how the early states improvised their authority by bargaining with armed bands or montoneras. Improvisation continued into the twentieth century as the bands were gradually superseded by semi-autonomous national armies, and as new agents of public violence emerged in the form of armed insurgencies and death squads. World War II, Holden argues, set into motion the globalization of public violence. Its most dramatic manifestation in Central America was the surge in U.S. military and police collaboration with the governments of the region, beginning with the Lend-Lease program of the 1940s and continuing through the Cold War. Although the scope of public violence had already been established by the people of the Central American countries, globalization intensified the violence and inhibited attempts to shrink its scope. Drawing on archival research in all five countries as well as in the United States, Holden elaborates the connections among the national, regional, and international dimensions of public violence. Armies Without Nations crosses the borders of Central American, Latin American, and North American history, providing a model for the study of global history and politics. Armies without Nations was a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title for 2005. |
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... continued into the twentieth century as the bands were gradually superseded by semi- autonomous national armies and as new agents of public violence emerged in the form of armed insurgencies and death squads . World War II , Holden ...
... continued into the twentieth century as the bands were gradually superseded by semi- autonomous national armies and as new agents of public violence emerged in the form of armed insurgencies and death squads . World War II , Holden ...
Halaman 18
... that have been at the service of feudal oligarchies but have utilized the language of freedom . The situation has continued to our own day.41 What those constitutions merely disguised without extirpating was caudil- lismo 18 1821-1939.
... that have been at the service of feudal oligarchies but have utilized the language of freedom . The situation has continued to our own day.41 What those constitutions merely disguised without extirpating was caudil- lismo 18 1821-1939.
Halaman 31
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Isi
3 | |
7 | |
9 | |
Public Violence State and Nation in Central American History | 25 |
Organizing for War | 50 |
A Democracy of Violence | 58 |
Caudillos in Search of an Army | 68 |
A New Army Finds Its Caudillo | 80 |
The United States and Central America | 119 |
Showcase of Latin America | 134 |
Distrustful Collaborator | 159 |
Remaking an Armed Rabble | 174 |
Ready to Receive Orders from Uncle Sam | 196 |
An Army Renamed | 214 |
Conclusions | 227 |
Statistical Appendix | 233 |
Edisi yang lain - Lihat semua
Armies Without Nations: Public Violence and State Formation in Central ... Robert H. Holden Pratinjau terbatas - 2006 |
Armies without Nations: Public Violence and State Formation in Central ... Robert H. Holden Pratinjau terbatas - 2004 |
Armies without Nations: Public Violence and State Formation in Central ... Robert H. Holden Pratinjau terbatas - 2004 |
Istilah dan frasa umum
agreement air force April Arbenz armed forces authority Barrios Carías Caribbean caudillos Central America chief civil civilian command communist Congress conservative constitutional Correspondence and Record Costa Rica country's December defense democracy Department economic Ejército El Salvador election equipment Escuela estado faction February Figueres FOIA FRUS Gálvez grant collaboration Guardia Guatemala City Guerra hemispheric History Honduras infantry insurgents isthmian isthmus January July June junta Latin America leaders Lend-Lease Liberal Party Managua March Memoria ment mili military and police Military Assistance military attaché military collaboration NAMP Nicaragua November October officers OPS/Oper/LA organization pact Policarpo Bonilla police collaboration Política political president public violence regime reported Republic República Revolution Rican Salvadoran San José secretary social Somoza Tegucigalpa tion treaty troops U.S. ambassador U.S. Army U.S. Embassy U.S. government U.S. military U.S. military attaché U.S. military mission Ubico United University Press Villeda Washington Willauer WNRC Ydígoras Zelaya
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Halaman 112 - equipment" and "materials" shall mean any arms, ammunition or implements of war, or any other type of material, article, raw material, facility, tool, machine, supply, or item that would further the purposes of this Act, or any component or part thereof, used or required for use in connection therewith, or required in or for the manufacture, production, processing, storage, transportation, repair, or rehabilitation of any equipment or materials, but shall not include merchant vessels.
Halaman 243 - The men of experiment are like the ant, they only collect and use: the reasoners resemble spiders, who make cobwebs out of their own substance. But the bee takes a middle course; it gathers its material from the flowers of the garden and the field, but transforms and digests it by a power of its own.
Halaman 126 - States, for such period of time, in such quantities and upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon, of raw and semi-processed materials required by the United States as a result of deficiencies or potential deficiencies in its own resources, and which may be available in Pakistan.
Halaman 243 - The men of experiment are like the ant; they only collect and use: the reasoners resemble spiders, who make cobwebs out of their own substance. But the bee takes a middle course, it gathers its material from the flowers of the garden and of the field, but transforms and digests it by a power of its own.
Halaman 126 - The furnishing of any such assistance as may be authorized by either Party hereto shall be consistent with the Charter of the United Nations. Such assistance shall be so designed as to promote the defense of the Western Hemisphere and be in accordance with defense plans under which both Governments will participate in missions important to the defense of the Western Hemisphere.
Halaman 243 - ... (p. 20). These are the constitutive goals of social life on a global scale, excluding the specific goals of international society. Bull argues that world order: is more fundamental and primordial than international order because the ultimate units of the great society of all mankind...
Halaman 156 - For the United States, it is important that I state clearly that support for military forces and intelligence units which engaged in violence and widespread repression was wrong, and the United States must not repeat that mistake.
Halaman 112 - That such assistance may be furnished only in accordance with defense plans which are found by the President to require the recipient country to participate in missions important to the defense of the Western Hemisphere.
Halaman 111 - The terms and conditions upon which any such foreign government receives any aid authorized under subsection (a) shall be those which the President deems satisfactory, and the benefit to the United States may be payment or repayment in kind or property, or any other direct or indirect benefit which the President deems satisfactory.