Industrial Combinations and Public Policy: A Study of Combination, Competition and the Common WelfareHoughton Mifflin, 1927 - 331 halaman |
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Halaman 16
... factors which at that time opened the way for the formation of trusts . Foremost among these factors must be placed the passing of the frontier . For a full century after national unity was established the westward movement of the ...
... factors which at that time opened the way for the formation of trusts . Foremost among these factors must be placed the passing of the frontier . For a full century after national unity was established the westward movement of the ...
Halaman 18
... the United States , of which we have spoken above , was being visibly approached at the end of the nineteenth century . Another factor propitious to the industrial combina- tion movement was 18 CAUSES OF THE COMBINATION MOVEMENT.
... the United States , of which we have spoken above , was being visibly approached at the end of the nineteenth century . Another factor propitious to the industrial combina- tion movement was 18 CAUSES OF THE COMBINATION MOVEMENT.
Halaman 19
... factor propitious to the industrial combina- tion movement was the decline of the rate of interest . This was an inevitable accompaniment , and a fair index , of the establishment of settled social and eco- nomic conditions . At least ...
... factor propitious to the industrial combina- tion movement was the decline of the rate of interest . This was an inevitable accompaniment , and a fair index , of the establishment of settled social and eco- nomic conditions . At least ...
Halaman 22
... factor . Our argument has assumed a fairly stable condition of the industrial arts . This , in fact , appears to corre- spond very well with the actual course of economic his- tory in the western world roughly up to the beginning of the ...
... factor . Our argument has assumed a fairly stable condition of the industrial arts . This , in fact , appears to corre- spond very well with the actual course of economic his- tory in the western world roughly up to the beginning of the ...
Halaman 24
... factors alone would have produced , potent as they undoubtedly were . In a subsequent chapter the extent of the economies from unification of industry and concentration of control will be examined . We shall here make only some very ...
... factors alone would have produced , potent as they undoubtedly were . In a subsequent chapter the extent of the economies from unification of industry and concentration of control will be examined . We shall here make only some very ...
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advantage agreement American Association binations bottles branches Bureau of Corporations buyers capital census cent century commercial common law competition competitors concerns conduct consolidation consumers contracts Corn Products Refining course courts demand doctrine dustry economic effect enterprise establishment fact factors Federal Trade Commission field gain glass industry glucose Harvard Law Review Hiram Duryea increase independent industrial combination industrial control interests International Harvester Company labor Lausanne school less limits machine manufacture ment method mills monopolistic monopoly National Starch newsprint nomic operations organization output Paper Company patent period Petoskey plants plate glass practices price-cutting Products Refining Company profits pulp reason regulation Report restraint of trade scale secure selling Sherman Act social standardization starch Steel Corporation supply Tariff tendency tion tive trust movement United States Steel welfare Window Glass Company wood pulp York
Bagian yang populer
Halaman 232 - The clear tendency of such an agreement is to establish a monopoly, and to destroy competition in trade, and for that reason, on grounds of public policy, courts will not aid in its enforcement. It is no answer to say that competition in the salt trade was not in fact destroyed, or that the price of the commodity was not unreasonably advanced. Courts will not stop to inquire as to the degree of injury inflicted upon the public; it is enough to know that the inevitable tendency of such contracts is...
Halaman 18 - Up to and including 1880 the country had a frontier of settlement, but at present the unsettled area has been so broken into by isolated bodies of settlement that there can hardly be said to be a frontier line.
Halaman 232 - We do not think the issue an important one, because, as already stated, we do not think that at common law there is any question of reasonableness open to the courts with reference to such a contract.
Halaman 232 - A contract which is charged to be in restraint of trade is not to be tested by what has been done under it, but by what may be done under it; not by its performance, but by its powers of performance when fully exercised.
Halaman 256 - Such an agreement directly affects and of course is intended to affect the cost of transportation of commodities, and commerce consists, among other things, of the transportation of commodities, and if such transportation be between States it is interstate commerce. The agreement affects interstate commerce by destroying competition and by maintaining rates above what competition might produce. If it did not do that, its existence would be useless, and it would soon be rescinded or abandoned. Its...
Halaman 267 - That unfair methods of competition in commerce are hereby declared unlawful. The commission is hereby empowered and directed to prevent persons, partnerships, or corporations, except banks, and common carriers subject to the Acts to regulate commerce, from using unfair methods of competition in commerce.
Halaman 271 - As a substantial part of the public was still misled by the use of the labels which the Winsted Company employed, the public had an interest in stopping the practice as wrongful; and since the business of its trade rivals who marked their goods truthfully was necessarily affected by that practice, the Commission was justified in its conclusion that the practice constituted an unfair method of competition; and it was authorized to order that the practice be discontinued.
Halaman 232 - But where the sole object of both parties in making the contract as expressed therein is merely to restrain competition, and enhance or maintain prices, it would seem that there was nothing to justify or excuse the restraint, that it would necessarily have a tendency to monopoly, and therefore would be void.
Halaman 250 - The effect of the act of 1890 is to render such contracts unlawful in an affirmative or positive sense, and punishable as a misdemeanor, and to create a right of civil action for damages in favor of those injured thereby, and a civil remedy by injunction in favor of both private persons and the public against the execution of such contracts and the maintenance of such trade restraints.
Halaman 242 - Here is a person going into the market who deals in a certain commodity. If he went there for the purpose of making his purchases in the fair course of dealing with a view of afterwards dispersing the commodity which he collected in proportion to the wants and convenience of the public, whatever profit accrues to him from the transaction, no blame is imputable to him. On the contrary, if the whole of his conduct...