BAVARIA. Convention concluded May 26, 1868. 1680. ARTICLE I. Citizens of Bavaria who have become, or shall become, naturalized itizens of the United States of America, and shall have resided uninteruptedly within the United States for five years, shall be held by Bavaria o be American citizens, and shall be treated as such. Reciprocally, citizens of the United States of America who have beome, or shall become, naturalized citizens of Bavaria, and shall have esided uninterruptedly within Bavaria five years, shall be held by the Jnited States to be Bavarian citizens, and shall be treated as such. The declaration of an intention to become a citizen of the one or the >ther country has not for either party the effect of naturalization. 1681. ARTICLE II. A naturalized citizen of the one party on return to the territory of the other party remains liable to trial and punishment for an action punshable by the laws of his original country, and committed before his migration, saving always the limitation established by the laws of his original country, or any other remission of liability to punishment. 1682. ARTICLE III. The convention for the mutual delivery of criminals, fugitives from justice, in certain cases, concluded between the United States on the ɔne part, and Bavaria on the other part, the twelfth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, remains in force without change. 1683. ARTICLE IV. If a Bavarian, naturalized in America, renews his residence in Bavaria, without the intent to return to America, he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization in the United States. Reciprocally, if an Amercian, naturalized in Bavaria, renews his residence in the United States, without the intent to return to Bavaria, he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization in Bavaria. The intent not to return may be held to exist when the person naturalized in the one country resides more than two years in the other country. 17824 C R-43 1684. ARTICLE V. The present convention shall go into effect immediately on the exchange of ratification, and shall continue in force for ten years. If neither party shall have given to the other six months' previous notice of its intention then to terminate the same, it shall further remain in force until the end of twelve months after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of such intention. Done at Munich, the 26th May, 1868. The undersigned met to-day to sign the treaty agreed upon in conform ity with their respective full powers, relating to the citizenship of those persons who emigrate from Bavaria to the United States of America, and from the United States of America to Bavaria; on which occasion the following observations, more exactly defining and explaining the contents of this treaty, were entered in the following protocol: ! 1686. RELATING TO THE FIRST ARTICLE OF THE TREATY. 1. Inasmuch as the copulative "and" is made use of, it follows, of course, that not the naturalization alone, but an additional five years' uninterrupted residence is required, before a person can be regarded as coming within the treaty; but it is by no means requisite that the five years' residence should take place after the naturalization. It is hereby further understood that if a Bavarian has been discharged from his Bavarian indigenate, or, on the other side, if an American has been discharged from his American citizenship in the manner legally prescribedby the Government of his original country, and then acquires naturalization in the other country in a rightful and perfectly valid manner. then an additional five years' residence shall no longer be required, but a person so naturalized shall, from the moment of his naturalization, be held and treated as a Bavarian, and, reciprocally, as an American citizen. 2. The words "resided uninterruptedly" are obviously to be understood, not of a continued bodily presence, but in the legal sense; and therefore a transient absence, a journey, or the like, by no means interrupts the period of five years contemplated by the first article. 1687. II. RELATING TO THE SECOND ARTICLE OF THE TREATY. 1. It is expressly agreed that a person who, under the first article, is o be held as an adopted citizen of the other state, on his return to his original country cannot be made punishable for the act of emigration itself, not even though at a later day he should have lost his adopted citizenship. 1688. III. RELATING TO THE FOURTH ARTICLE OF THE TREATY. 1. It is agreed on both sides that the regulative powers granted to the two Governments, respectively, by their laws for protection against resident aliens, whose residence endangers peace and order in the land, are not affected by the treaty. In particular the regulation contained in the second clause of the tenth article of the Bavarian military law of the 30th of January, 1868, according to which Bavarians emigrating from Bavaria before the fulfillment of their military duty cannot be admitted to a permanent residence in the land till they shall have become 32 years old, is not affected by the treaty. But yet it is established and agreed that, by the expression "permanent residence" used in the said article, the abovedescribed emigrants are not forbidden to undertake a journey to Bavaria for a less period of time and for definite purposes, and the royal Bavarian Government moreover cheerfully declares itself ready, in all cases in which the emigration has plainly taken place in good faith, to allow a mild rule in practice to be adopted. 2. It is hereby agreed that when a Bavarian naturalized in America, and, reciprocally, an American naturalized in Bavaria, takes up his abode once more in his original country without the intention of return to the country of his adoption, he does by no means thereby recover his former citizenship; on the contrary, in so far as it relates to Bavaria, it depends on His Majesty the King, whether he will or will not in that event grant the Bavarian citizenship anew. The article fourth shall accordingly have only this meaning, that the adopted country of the emigrant cannot prevent him from acquiring once more his former citizenship; but not that the state to which the emigrant originally belonged is bound to restore him at once to his original relation. On the contrary, the citizen naturalized abroad must first apply to be received back into his original country in the manner prescribed by its laws and regulations, and must acquire citizenship anew, exactly like any other alien. But yet it is left to his own free choice, whether he will adopt that course or will preserve the citizenship of the country of his adoption. BELGIUM. Convention concluded November 16, 1868. 1689. ARTICLE I. Citizens of the United States who may or shall have been naturalized in Belgium will be considered by the United States as citizens of Belgium. Reciprocally, Belgians who may or who shall have been naturalized in the United States will be considered by Belgium as citizens of the United States. 1690. ARTICLE II. Citizens of either contracting party, in case of their return to their original country, can be prosecuted there for crimes or misdemeanors committed before naturalization, saving to them such limitations as are established by the laws of their original country. 1691. ARTICLE III. Naturalized citizens of either contracting party, who shall have resided five years in the country which has naturalized them, cannot be held to the obligation of military service in their original country, or to incidental obligation resulting therefrom, in the event of their return to it, except in cases of desertion from organized and embodied military or naval service, or those that may be assimilated thereto by the laws of that country. 1692. ARTICLE IV. Citizens of the United States naturalized in Belgium shall be considered by Belgium as citizens of the United States when they shall have recovered their character as citizens of the United States, according to the laws of the United States. Reciprocally, Belgians naturalized in the United States shall be considered as Belgians by the United States when they shall have recovered their character as Belgians according to the laws of Belgium. 1693. ARTICLE V. The present convention shall enter into execution immediately after :he exchange of ratifications, and shall remain in force for ten years. [f, at the expiration of that period, neither of the contracting parties shall have given notice six months in advance of its intention to terminate the same, it shall continue in force until the end of twelve months after one of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of such intention. * DENMARK. Convention concluded July 20, 1872. 1694. ARTICLE I. Citizens of the United States of America who have become, or shall become, and are naturalized, according to law, within the Kingdom of Denmark, as Danish subjects shall be held by the United States of America to be in all respects and for all purposes Danish subjects, and shall be treated as such by the United States of America. In like manner Danish subjects who have become, or shall become, and are naturalized, according to law, within the United States of America as citizens thereof, shall be held by the Kingdom of Denmark to be in all respects and for all purposes as citizens of the United States of America, and shall be treated as such by the Kingdom of Denmark. 1695. ARTICLE II. If any such citizen of the United States, as aforesaid, naturalized within the Kingdom of Denmark as a Danish subject, should renew his residence in the United States, the United States Government may, on his application, and on such conditions as that Government may see fit to impose, readmit him to the character and privileges of a citizen of the United States, and the Danish Government shall not, in that case, claim him as a Danish subject on account of his former naturalization. In like manner, if any such Danish subject, as aforesaid, naturalized within the United States as a citizen thereof, should renew his residence |