person named therein, may be taken within two years from its date as prima facie evidence of the citizenship of the applicant. Such passport should be retained and sent to the Department of State with the application in making the report required in paragraph 163.

155. Oath.-Consular officers are authorized to administer the required oath in an application for a passport. They must sign the jurat in their official capacity and affix the seal of the consulate thereto.

156. Form and number.-Passports issued by a consulate should be according to Form No. 9, and should be numbered, commencing with No. 1 and continuing consecutively until the end of the principal consular officer's term of office. Professional titles will not be inserted in passports.

157. Wife, minor children, and servants. When the applicant for a passport is accompanied by his wife, minor children, or by a servant who is a citizen of the United States, it will be sufficient to state in the passport the names of such persons and their relationship to or connection with him. A separate passport must be issued for each person of full age not the wife or servant of another with whom he or she is traveling. 158. To be signed by holder.-Whenever a passport is issued upon an application made in person to a consulate, the consul will see that the same is signed by the person in whose favor it is issued before it is delivered. In sending a passport by mail he should be instructed to sign it upon receipt.

159. Fees. An official fee equivalent to $1 in the gold coin of the United States must be collected for each passport issued. An unofficial fee of 50 cents may be collected for filling out in duplicate an application for a passport, where the consular officer does that, and an unofficial fee of 50 cents for administering the oath in duplicate, and no larger fees in that behalf are permitted.-R. S., sec. 1745.

160. Visa.-A consular officer (including consular agents)

may visa or verify regularly issued passports by indorsing on the passport the word "Good," in the language of the country in which the visa is made, and affixing to the indorsement his official signature and seal. Diplomatic representatives should visa passports only when there is no consulate of the United States established in the city where the legation is situated, or when the consular officer is absent or the Government of the country refuses to acknowledge the validity of the consular visa. Whenever a passport without signature is presented to be visaed, the holder should be required to sign it before it is visaed the consular officer. An official fee equivalent to $1 in the gold coin of the United States shall be collected for each passport visaed, except special and official passports, which shall be visaed free of charge. No visa shall be attached to a passport after two years from its date. A new passport may, however, be issued in its place, by the proper authority, upon the conditions herein before provided.

161. Good only in country where accredited. The visa, or verification, of a passport by a consular officer is designed to give it authenticity and ready acceptance in the country only in which he is accredited. The holder of a passport wishing to establish its genuineness and validity in any other locality should apply to a consul of the United States having recognized official character in that locality.

162. Irregular certificates.-Passports can be issued in the United States by the Secretary of State only, and in foreign countries by such diplomatic or consular officers of the United States only, and under such rules as the President shall designate and prescribe.-R. S., sec. 4075. All other persons acting or claiming to act in any office or capacity under the United States, or any of the States of the United States, are forbidden by the statutes, under a penalty of imprisonment not exceeding one year, or a fine not exceeding $500, or both, to grant, issue, or verify any passport or other instrument in

C'er

the nature of a passport to or for any citizen of the United States, or to or for any person claiming to be or designated as such in such passport or verification.-R. S., sec. 4078. tificates of citizenship, therefore, issued by an unauthorized person, should not be recognized nor visaed.

163. Return of passports.-At the close of each quarter consulates having authority to grant passports will make a report to the Department of State of all passports issued during the quarter. One copy of every application, including the oath of allegiance and identification upon which a passport has been issued, must be transmitted with the report. The report should be made according to Form No. 121, and should state, with respect to each passport, (1) date of issuance; (2) person to whom issued, placing the surname before the Christian name; (3) number of passport; (4) evidence on which the passport was issued; (5) fee received.

164. Return of passports visaed.—At the close of each quarter all consulates will make a report to the Department of State of all passports visaed or verified during the quarter. This report should be made according to Form No. 122, and should state, with respect to each passport, (1) by whom it was issued; (2) date of issuance; (3) number of passport; (4) person to whom issued, placing the surname before the Christian name; (5) date of visa; (6) prior visas thereon, dates thereof, and by whom made; (7) any further explanation required.

165. Certificates of deposit of passports.-Certificates in the nature of passports and to be used as such are forbidden. In countries, however, where the local laws or regulations require the deposit of a passport during the temporary sojourn of a traveler a consular certificate setting forth the facts as appearing from the passport may be granted; but only to comply with the requirements of the local law or regulation. Such certificates should be according to Form No. 179, unless the law of the country prescribes a different form, in

which case the consul will transmit a copy of such form to the Department of State.

166. China.-In China applications for passports should be addressed to the legation in the form herein required, but the applicant should give his full Christian name and surname in both the English and the Chinese languages. Where the application can not be sworn to before a consul, and no notary or other officer authorized to administer oaths is accessible to the applicant, he may transmit the application accompanied by a certificate signed by himself and two witnesses, according to Form No. 180.

167. Chinese travel certificates.-In China consuls may issue travel certificates according to Form No. 181 to persons who possess passports as citizens of the United States and are about to make a journey into the interior of China, when such certificates are required by the local authorities, such certificates to be good for one year from their date. They may likewise issue travel certificates according to Form No. 182 to persons who have made a formal application for passports as citizens of the United States; but such certificates should be issued only when the party desires to start on his journey before his passport can be received from the legation, and must be expressed to be good only for the journey for which it is sought. And its validity for such journey shall not be of greater duration than one year. If the application for a passport in such case is refused upon the ground that the applicant is not a citizen of the United States, it becomes the duty of the consul who issued the certificate to notify the person to whom it was issued and the proper Chinese authorities that the travel certificate is no longer valid.

PROTECTION.

168. Naturalized citizens.-All naturalized citizens of the United States while in foreign countries are entitled to and

shall receive the same protection of person and property which is accorded to native-born citizens.-R. S. sec. 2000. The United States have treaties, however, with several countries regulating and controlling the status of naturalized citizens of the United States on their return to their native land. The treaties may be found in Appendix IV, and in so far as they modify the foregoing they are controlling.

169. Circumstances under which withheld.-Ordinarily, citizens of the United States, whether native or naturalized, subject to the provisions of the foregoing paragraph are entitled to the protection and intervention of diplomatic and consular officers in proper cases. The right of a citizen, however, to claim protection is founded upon the correlative right of this Government to claim his allegiance and support. Where a citizen, therefore, has resided abroad for a long period of time under such circumstances as to warrant the inference that he has practically abandoned his country, consuls may withhold their intervention pending the instructions of the legation or of the Department of State.

170. Intervention. When a consul is satisfied that an applicant for protection has a right to his intervention, he should interest himself in his behalf, examining carefully into his grievances. If he finds that the complaints are well founded, he should interpose firmly, but with courtesy and moderation, with the local authorities in his behalf and report the case to the legation for its further action, if any be required.

171. Duties toward American citizens.-The powers and duties of consular officers in regard to their fellow-citizens depend in a great measure upon the municipal law of the United States. No civil jurisdiction can be exercised by them over their countrymen without express authority of law, or by treaty stipulation with the state in which they reside; and no criminal jurisdiction is permitted to them in Christian states.