Gum, sealing

like those sent from the Department of State. wax, or wafers are not to be put upon the dispatches or the inclosures, but only on the envelopes which cover them. Paper envelopes should be used for all official communications which cross the ocean in a sealed pouch, and they should be sealed with mucilage alone, unless the communication must go in the open mail from the consulate where it is written to the place where it is put in the pouch; in which case wax or paper seals may be affixed to guard against possible opening of the envelope while in transit over the foreign mail route. In other cases cloth-lined envelopes and wax seals will be used when deemed necessary for the safe transmission of the inclosure.

129. Address of dispatch.-All communications to the Department of State should be in the form of dispatches addressed to the Assistant Secretary of State. Consular officers should not have recourse to private letters addressed to the Secretary of State or to other officers of the Department upon topics relating to the official business of their consulates. Where dispatches are regarded as especially of a reserved or secret nature they may be marked "Confidential." All envelopes covering consular dispatches should be addressed to the Department of State. (Form No. 8.)

130. Dates of reports.-Dispatches are never to be antedated; and when returns which are ordered to be transmitted "quarterly," "half-yearly," or "annually" can not be completed on the last day of the quarter, half-year, or year, as the case may be, for want of sufficient information on that date, or for any other reason, the consul will notify the proper Department thereof, and the returns will be made up to that date as soon as practicable thereafter.

131. Special reports.-Reports or returns ordered by special instructions are to be sent as inclosures in separate dispatches, each dispatch relating solely to the report or return as ordered

to be made by such instructions. The several quarterly reports prescribed by these regulations, of which a recapitulation is given in paragraph 587, should be transmitted in a single dispatch, not in separate dispatches. The quarterly account, however, with the Department of State should be sent in a separate dispatch.

132. With whom may correspond on public matters.-A consul will hold correspondence on public matters (independently of that which his official duties require him to conduct with the local authorities and individuals of the place where he resides, and officers or others employed in our commercial marine) with the Secretary and Assistant Secretaries of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Comptroller, the Auditor for the State and other Departments, the Register of the Treasury, collectors of customs as to invoices and prices current, the diplomatic representative of the United States in the country where he resides, other consular officers, and with naval or military officers in the service of the United States who may be employed in the neighborhood, and to whom it may be necessary to communicate immediately any event of public interest, and with no other persons. (Paragraph 591.)

133. On private business matters. The prohibition of the foregoing paragraph does not apply to correspondence between a consular officer and citizens of the United States touching the private business matters of the latter. This class of correspondence is on the consul's side official, but is not on public matters. (Paragraph 459.)

134. Correspondence with other Departments.-With the exception of the correspondence with the Treasury Department respecting accounts, and such other correspondence as special provisions of law or these Regulations may require him to have with other Departments or officers, he will conduct no official correspondence with any other Department except

through the Department of State. This instruction is especially applicable to communications from subordinates of other Departments. Such communications should not be answered without first obtaining permission from the Department of State to do so.

135. Printed matter.-Printed matter should be transmitted under cover open at both ends, if sent through the regular mails.

136. Receipt of instructions.—The receipt of all instructions from the Department of State must be acknowledged by return mail.

ARTICLE X.

CITIZENS, PASSPORTS, AND PROTECTION.

CITIZENS.

137. Native citizens.-All persons born in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States. The circumstance of birth within the United States makes one a citizen thereof, even if his parents were at the time aliens, provided they were not, by reason of diplomatic character or otherwise, exempted from the jurisdiction of its laws. Indians born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments of land have been made by law or treaty, or who have voluntarily taken up a separate residence within its limits apart from any Indian tribe and have adopted the habits of civilized life, are citizens.-U. S. Const. Amend. XIV.; R. S., sec. 1992; 24 Stat. L., 388.

138. Children of citizens born abroad.—All children born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States whose fathers were at the time of their birth citizens thereof are citizens of the United States; but the rights of citizenship do 17824 C R-4

not descend to children whose fathers never resided in the United States. That the citizenship of the father descends to the children born to him when abroad is a generally acknowl edged principle of international law.-R. S., sec. 1993.

139. Naturalized citizens.-Naturalization is a judicial act and a certificate of naturalization, in regular form, by any circuit or district court of the United States, or a district of supreme court of the Territories, or a court of record of any of the States having common-law jurisdiction and a seal and clerk, will be treated by consular officers as conclusive evi dence of citizenship, except as herein otherwise provided.R. S., sec. 2165,

140. Chinese and other excepted races.-The Statutes of the United States, with respect to naturalization, authorize the naturalization only of white persons, persons of African nativity or descent, and members of any Indian tribe or nation residing in the Indian Territory. Section 14 of the act of May 6, 1882, also specifically prohibits the naturalization of Chi The naturalization of Chinese and other Mongolians and of all persons not white, nor of African nativity or descent. nor an Indian as aforesaid is unauthorized and void, and con sular officers will disregard their certificates of naturaliza tion.-R. S., sec. 2169; 22 Stat. L., 61, sec. 14; 26 Stat. L., 99 sec. 43; 5 Saw., 155; 16 Ner., 50, 61; 84 Cal., 163; 21 Pac Rep., 993; 149 U. S., 716.

nese.

141. Wife of citizen.-Any white woman, or woman of Africa nativity or descent, or Indian woman, married to a citizen of the United States is a citizen thereof; and it is immateria whether the husband became a citizen before or after mar riage.-R. S., sec. 1994; 7 Wall., 496; 25 Stat. L., 392.

142. Children of naturalized citizens.-The children of person who have been duly naturalized under any law of the United States, being under the age of 21 years at the time of the naturalization of their parents, shall, if dwelling in the

nited States, be considered as citizens thereof.-R. S.. sec. 172; 6 Cranch, 176.

143. Declaration of intention.-The declaration of intention o become a citizen of the United States does not make one A citizen, and the certificate of a court that such declaration as been made is not evidence of citizenship; but when any alien who has made the prescribed declaration dies before he s actually naturalized, the widow and children of such alien are considered as citizens of the United States upon taking the oaths prescribed by law.-R. S., secs. 2165, 2168.

144. Expatriation.-The right of expatriation is declared by section 1999 of the Revised Statutes, but the method by which a citizen may renounce his allegiance to the United States is not specifically provided by statute. It is, however, provided by treaties with certain countries (Appendix IV). Generally, for the purposes of this article, consular officers will not consider as citizens of the United States any who have voluntarily become naturalized or otherwise invested with citizenship in a foreign state.-R. S., sec. 1999.

145. Deserters.—All persons convicted by a court-martial or other court of competent jurisdiction of having deserted the military or naval service of the United States, and who did not return thereto or report themselves to a provost-marshal within sixty days after the issuance of the proclamation by the President dated the 11th day of March, 1865, and who have not been relieved therefrom by act of Congress or otherwise, are deemed to have voluntarily relinquished and forfeited their rights of citizenship.-R. S., sec. 1996; 115 U. S.,

501.

PASSPORTS.

146. Who may issue.-Passports can be issued in the United States only by the Secretary of State. In foreign countries they may be issued, granted, and verified only by such diplomatic and consular officers of the United States and under