ing when the President of the United States calls it into service, and he may call it out to preserve order and enforce law if it is necessary. He may call special sessions of the legislature, give messages and recommendations to it, and, as we have seen, he may veto bills passed by it. He may pardon any persons who have been convicted of violating the laws of the state, providing the punishment be a fine of $200 or less or imprisonment in the penitentiary for not more than two years. For these greater offenses he may grant pardons only upon the recommendation of the board of pardons, consisting of the presiding judge of the state supreme court, the secretary of state and the attorney general. (See Article IV, Section 5.) There are many officers appointed by the governor, as we shall notice soon. He may appoint a United States senator if a vacancy occurs when the legislature is not in session, but his appointment is valid only until the legislature meets. (See p. 236.) If a vacancy occurs in any office and the law does not make other provisions for filling the vacancy, the governor makes the appointment.

If a person within the state is accused of a crime committed in another state he cannot be taken out of this state without the consent of our governor. If a person has fled from justice to this state from a foreign country, the governor then has nothing to do with the matter and the accused person can be surrendered to the country from which he has fled only by permission of the President of the United States. The process of getting authority to return a fugitive from justice is called extradition.

The governor is a member of the state board of equalization and assessment, the board of school and public lands, and of the board of canvassers of election. His salary is $3,000 a year.

"There shall be chosen by the qualified electors of the state, at the time and places of choosing members of the legislature, a secretary of state, auditor, treasurer, superintendent of public instruction, commissioner of school and public lands, and an attorney general, who shall severally hold their offices for the term of two years, but no person shall be eligible to the office of treasurer for more than two terms consecutively. They shall respectively keep their offices at the seat of government."-Art. IV, Constitution.

Secretary of State. This officer has charge of all acts and resolutions passed by the legislature, the journals of the legislature, the enrolled copy of the constitution of the state, deeds to all property belonging to the state; and of the state seal. He affixes the seal to all certificates of appointment to state offices, certificates of election to any office which is filled by the voters of the state, to pardons and other public documents to which the signature of the governor is required, also to charters for corporations and other public documents issued from his office. He issues charters for corporations (excepting insurance companies) and has some supervision over them. He has charge of the capitol building and grounds.

Nominations of candidates for any office to be filled by all of the voters of the state are filed with the secretary of state, and he reports these names to the county auditors so that they may be printed on the ballots of each county. The results of such elections are reported to him. by the county auditors. He is a member of the state board of canvassers of elections, which examines these returns and reports who is elected.

He is also a member of the board of pardons, of the board of equalization and assessment, and of the mark and brand committee. He has charge of the printing of the laws. As we have already noted, he presides over the house of representatives until it elects a speaker.

State Auditor. This officer has charge of all accounts of the state, of all money received by the state and of all paid out. If a person has money due him from the state he receives a warrant from the state auditor directing the state treasurer to pay him the proper amount. The auditor is a member of the state board of equalization and assessment and of the board of canvassers of elections.

State Treasurer. All of the funds of the state are entrusted to the care of this officer, who gives heavy bonds

as a guarantee of safety. He pays out money belonging to the state upon warrants issued by the state auditor, or without the warrants when bonds or interest may be due. Once each month he and the state auditor compare their accounts to see that each has them correct. The state treasurer is a member of the board of equalization and

assessment..

Weights and Measures. The state treasurer keeps in his office standard measures which correspond with those of the United States. These measures are made of copper and consist of all sizes from a bushel to a gill. He also keeps standard measures of length, consisting of a surveyor's chain (33 feet), yard, foot, and inch, and standard weights from one hundred pounds down.

"A bushel of each of the articles enumerated in this section shall consist of the number of pounds avoirdupois respectively affixed to each, viz. :

Superintendent of Public Instruction. This officer is at the head of the educational system of the state. He has charge of the granting of nearly all certificates to teach. The kinds of certificates and methods of obtaining them are discussed in the chapter on the Public School System. He prepares a list of educators from whom are selected the conductors of teachers' institutes. He calls meetings of county superintendents for the consideration of school problems, and with them adopts courses of study for the common schools of the 'state. All plans for public school buildings must be approved by him. Appeals may be made to the superin