Privileges and Powers under Treaties.

mark, Ecuador, France, Guatemala, Hayti, Italy, The Netherlands, Salvador, and New Granada.*

EXEMPTION FROM MILITARY SERVICE.

30..If not citizens of the country of their consular residence or domiciled at the time of the appointment in it, this exemption is secured by conventions with Belgium, Deumark, France, Guatemala, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, Salvador, and New Granada. In New Grenada the exemption also extends to officers, secretaries, and attachés.

INFRACTION OF TREATIES.

31..The right in such case to correspond with the local authorities is secured by conventions with Belgium, France, Italy, and New Granada.

THE RIGHT TO EXHIBIT THE NATIONAL ARMS AND FLAG.

32.. This is given by conventions with Belgium, France, Italy. The Netherlands, and New Granada.

DEPOSITIONS.

33..The right to take depositions is secured by conventions with Belgium, France, Italy, and New Granada.

JURISDICTION OVER DISPUTES BETWEEN MASTERS, OFFICERS, AND CREWS.

34..Exclusive jurisdiction over such disputes in the vessels of the United States, including questions of wages, &c., is conferred by treaties or conventions with Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Prussia, Portugal, Russia, Sweden and Norway, Dominican Republic, Bremen, Hanover, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Tripoli, and New Granada.

RIGHT TO RECLAIM DESERTERS.

35..The right to reclaim deserters from the vessels of the United States is conferred by treaties or conventions with Bolivia, Belgium, Denmark, Ecuador, France, Greece, Guatemala, Hawaiian Islands, Hayti, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Madagascar, The Netherlands, Prussia,

*The treaty obligations of New Granada are assumed by its successor the United States of Colombia.

Privileges and Powers under Treaties.

Portugal, Russia, Salvador, Sweden and Norway, Dominican Republic, Siam, Hanover, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and New Granada.

SALVAGE.

36..The right to settle salvage for damages at sea is conferred by conventions with Belgium, France, The Netherlands, Hawaii, Italy, Madagascar, Turkey, and New Granada. The parties may, however, by agreement, deprive the Consul of this jurisdiction.

ESTATES OF CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES DECEASED.

37. By treaties with Morocco, Muscat, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Tripoli, China, Japan, Tunis, New Granada, and Persia, consuls are entitled to the custody of the property of citizens of the United States dying within the limits of their respective Consulates.

JURISDICTION OVER OFFENSES AND CRIMES.

38.. The jurisdiction over crimes and offenses committed by citizens of the United States is conferred by treaties with China, Japan, Madagascar, Siam, and Borneo. In Morocco, Muscat, Tripoli, Tunis, and Persia the Consuls are empowered to assist in the trials of citizens of the United States accused of murder or assault.

CIVIL JURISDICTION.

39..Jurisdiction over civil disputes is conferred by treaties with China, Japan, Turkey, Madagascar, Siam, Borneo, Morocco, Muscat, Persia, Tripoli, and Tunis. This jurisdiction is exclusive in disputes between citizens of the United States. In Japan it extends to claims of Japanese against Americans. In China and Siam the jurisdiction is joint in controversies between Americans and Chinese or Siamese. In Madagascar the exclusive jurisdiction extends to disputes between citizens of the United States and subjects of Madagascar. In Turkey there can be no hearing in a dispute between Turks and Americans unless the dragoman of the Consulate is present.

ARTICLE VI.

Relations of Consular Officers to the Diplomatic Representatives of the United States.

40..It has already been stated that in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in France, Italy, China, Egypt, and Cuba

Relations with Diplomatic Officers.

the immediate superior of the Consuls is the Consul General at London, Paris, Florence, Shanghai, Alexandria, and Havana, respectively.

41..These several officers will exercise the powers in other cases vested in the Diplomatic Representatives of the United States.

42..The several Consuls subordinate to them respectively will not correspond officially with the Diplomatic Representatives of the United States in those respective countries, but will make all their representations through their respective Consulates General.

43..In their turn the Consuls General at London, Paris, Florence, and Shanghai will maintain the relations to the respective Ministers at those places that ordinary Consuls do to Diplomatic Representatives in other countries. The Consul General in Cuba is directly responsible to the Department of State.

44.. Requests for leaves of absence, or for the appointment of Consular Agents, by Consuls in Great Britain and Ireland, (but not its colonies or dependencies,) France, Italy, China, Egypt, Cuba, and the Dominion of Canada, must be accompanied with the written approval of the proper Consul General therefor.

45..Similar requests from Consuls in the Argentine Republic, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the North German Union, (including South Germany,) Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Chili, Columbia, Costa Rica, Denmark, (but not the colonies,) Hawaiian Islands, The Netherlands, (but not the colonies,) Ecuador, Greece, Guatemala, Hayti, Honduras, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Portugal, (but not the colonies,) Russia, Salvador, Spain, (but not the colonies,) Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, (except Syria and Egypt,) and Venezuela, must in all cases where there is a Diplomatic Representative of the United States resident in the country be accompanied by his written approval of the request.

46..The several Diplomatic Representatives in these last-named countries will continue, as heretofore, to exercise a general supervision over the Consulates within their respective jurisdictions.

47..The remaining Consulates will correspond directly with the Department on all subjects.

48..The Diplomatic Agents of the United States are instructed to. maintain such correspondence with the Consuls in the countries to

Relations with Diplomatic Officers.

which they are accredited as they may deem conducive to the public interest. It will be the duty of Consuls in all cases to endeavor to comply with the requests and wishes of their superiors, when so expressed.

49.. Such Agents also have authority, in case a vacancy should require the appointment of a person to perform temporarily the duties of a Consulate, to make such appointment, with the consent of the foreign government, and in conformity to the laws and consular regulations of the United States, immediate notice thereof being given to this Department. It will be the duty of the respective Consuls General to give immediate notice of such vacancies to their diplomatic superiors.

ARTICLE VII.

Relations of Consular Officers to Naval Officers of the United States.

50.. When a squadron visits a port where there is a Consular Officer it will be the duty of the commander of the squadron to send a boat on shore, with an officer on board, who shall visit the Consul General or Consul, and tender him a passage to the ship.

51..It will then be the duty of the Consul General or Consul to accept the invitation and visit the flag-ship, and to tender his official services to the commander. He will be entitled once while the vessel is in port to a salute of nine guns, if a Consul General, and of seven guns if a Consul, which may be fired either while he is on board, (which is unusual,) or while he is being conveyed from the - vessel to the shore; in the latter case he will face the vessel, and at the end of the salute acknowledge it by raising his hat.

52..It is the duty of a commander of an American ship of war, not a Commander of a squadron or in chief, to pay the first visit in person to a Consul General, and to offer him a passage to the ship.

53..If the Consular Officer be of the grade of Consul or lower, a boat will be sent (on arrival of the vessel in the port) with an officer to visit the Consul and tender a passage to the ship. It will be the duty of the Consul to accept it, and he will be entitled to a salute of seven guns.

54.. Vice-Consuls, Deputy Consuls, Consular Agents, Commercial

Relations with Naral Officers.

Agents, and Vice-Commercial Agents will receive (if at all) a salute of five guns. These several salutes are only to be fired once during the stay in port.

55.. While Consular Officers are expected to use their official position to advance the interests of the navy, it may be remarked that their salaries are not established on a scale to require social attentions to the officers which call for the expenditure of money, unless they see fit to give them; and that the fact that such attentions have been given, or supposed to be required, will not justify a Consul in asking increased compensation.

56..They are also reminded that the navy is an independent branch of the service, not subject to the orders of this Department, and that its officers have fixed duties prescribed for them; they will therefore be careful to ask for the presence of a naval force at their ports only when public exigencies absolutely require it, and will then give the officers in command in full the reasons for the request and leave with them the responsibility of action.

ARTICLE VIII.

Compensation of Consular Officers.

57.. For the purpose of compensation, the statutes distinguish between Consular Officers whose salaries are determined by law (and who are named in two schedules, viz., Schedule B, of Consular Officers who may not engage in business, and whose salaries exceed $1,000 per annum, and Schedule C, of Consular Officers who may engage in business) and Consular Officers who receive their compensation from the fees they collect. In Appendix No. 5 will be found a complete list of the Consulates, classified according to law.

58..Salaried officers, citizens of the United States, are entitled, on reaching their posts, to compensation from the time when they enter upon their duties, (or when they are ready to enter in case of delay in the exequatur or in the permission to act,) and for such time as they shall be actually and necessarily occupied in receiving instructions (not to exceed thirty days) and in making the transit between their places of residence and their posts of duty at the commencement of their official duty; and also at the close, unless they die, resign, or are recalled for malfeasance.