Sky As Frontier: Adventure, Aviation, And EmpireTexas A&M University Press, 2005 - 284 halaman The airplane changed the course of history. Above all, it changed the history of the United States. When the Wright brothers invented their flying machine, Americans lived in a nation of two dimensions, circumscribed by lines drawn on a conventional map. A century later, their nation existed—in fact, reigned—in three dimensions. Two million Americans slipped the surly bonds of earth daily, carried aloft by aircraft operating in every part of the world. The airplane turned the sky into a new domain of human activity, a fast-developing frontier. The first to brave that frontier were adventurous young men. Then came the rich and the hurried. Then just about everybody else. Until now, no one has told the story of aviation as one of frontier expansion. David Courtwright does so in Sky as Frontier. He has written an ambitious history of American aviation ranging from the patent fight between the Wright brothers and Glenn Curtiss through the tragedy of 9/11 and the Iraq War. Along the way, Courtwright stops to consider dogfighting, barnstorming, the first air mail pilots, the development of airlines, air power during World War II, flight’s impact on the environment, the troubled space frontier, and how the male-dominated aviation enterprise was domesticated and democratized. Aviation’s frontier stage lasted a scant three decades, then vanished as flying became a settled experience. Sky as Frontier recreates that pioneer world and shows how commercial and military imperatives destroyed it by routinizing flight. At bottom, it is the story of a fateful tradeoff. Rationalization killed the adventure in flying but made possible rapid aerial expansion. With it came commercial growth and glob8al military reach. In no other country did social life, business, and military operations become so intertwined with aerospace advances, or have such large consequences for national power and prestige. |
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Halaman
... young men . Then came the rich and the hurried . Then just about everybody . The idea that the airplane enabled America and that America , in turn , en- abled the world to develop an aviation frontier dates to the 1920s and 1930s . The ...
... young men . Then came the rich and the hurried . Then just about everybody . The idea that the airplane enabled America and that America , in turn , en- abled the world to develop an aviation frontier dates to the 1920s and 1930s . The ...
Halaman 9
... young and the fit . " The work is extremely hard , " wrote one forty - niner . " I start at four o'clock in the morning and keep on till twelve noon . After that I rest for three or four hours , for at that time of day the heat is ...
... young and the fit . " The work is extremely hard , " wrote one forty - niner . " I start at four o'clock in the morning and keep on till twelve noon . After that I rest for three or four hours , for at that time of day the heat is ...
Halaman 10
... young and bore many children . As the aging , supernumerary males disappeared , this rising generation took their place , married , and created a society that was more balanced , family - centered , and stable . In time , and in the ...
... young and bore many children . As the aging , supernumerary males disappeared , this rising generation took their place , married , and created a society that was more balanced , family - centered , and stable . In time , and in the ...
Halaman 11
... young man's game . Passengers of any sort were scarce . The pilots ' culture , like that of the min- ing camp or bunkhouse , was masculine , competitive , and inclined toward risk . Young men showed off in one another's presence , doing ...
... young man's game . Passengers of any sort were scarce . The pilots ' culture , like that of the min- ing camp or bunkhouse , was masculine , competitive , and inclined toward risk . Young men showed off in one another's presence , doing ...
Halaman 12
... young — looked like that of a type - II frontier . It certainly behaved like one . Melbin found less conformism , less defer- ence to age , and less inclination to obey the law among late - night Bostonians . Fights peaked at midnight ...
... young — looked like that of a type - II frontier . It certainly behaved like one . Melbin found less conformism , less defer- ence to age , and less inclination to obey the law among late - night Bostonians . Fights peaked at midnight ...
Isi
5 | |
The worm Gets the Early Birds | 21 |
Gone West | 38 |
The Next Thing to Suicide | 56 |
The Protestant Ethic and the SPIRIT OF ST LOUIS | 70 |
The Age of Mass Experience | 89 |
Assisted Takeoff | 91 |
The Rome of the Air | 110 |
Space as Frontier | 172 |
The Significance of Air and Space in American History | 193 |
Winners and Losers | 195 |
A Storm of Planes | 209 |
Acronyms and Abbreviations | 225 |
Notes | 227 |
263 | |
Illustration Credits | 265 |
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accessed aerial Aeronautics Air Force Air Transport aircraft airlines airplane airports American Army aviation barnstormers became become began better bombs Books called Carl carried chap Charles City Collection cost dollars early engines equipment experience fares field flew flight flying four frontier ground History human hundred industry interview January John July June killed land late less Lindbergh lines lives look Louis March means miles military million missions NASA never night North offered Office operations passengers percent pilots planes possible Press Robert routes seats September showed shuttle Skies Smith social Solberg space Spirit Spirit of St thing thought thousand tion took transport turned United University Washington weather wings women World Wright wrote York young
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Halaman 15 - Up to and including 1880 the country had a frontier of settlement, but at present the unsettled area has been so broken into by isolated bodies of settlement that there can hardly be said to be a frontier line.
Halaman 7 - Whenever social conditions tended to crystallize in the East, whenever capital tended to press upon labor or political restraints to impede the freedom of the mass, there was this gate of escape to the free conditions of the frontier.