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Death and burial

Concluding remarks

LIFE OF JOHN BUNYAN.

Bunyan's reputation at the close of the eighteenth century
Born at Elstow, near Bedford

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His dreams and reflections when a boy
Narrow escapes from drowning when a boy
Drawn a soldier for the Parliament army
Finds a substitute

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His substitute shot at the siege of Leicester
Early profligacy and self-accusations
Marries the daughter of "a godly man"
Her portion consists of two printed books

His veneration for the religious Directory of the Puritans

The peculiar people of God.-Inquiries of his father

Game at cat upon Sunday

Conversion of Bunyan

Rebuked by an "ungodly" woman for his early habit of swearing

Its good effect

Studies his Bible

Story of his love for bell-ringing

Dancing the last sin he adheres to

Early impressions

Fate of one of his converters

Efficacy of prayer

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Conversation of three poor women in the streets of Bedford
His approbation of what they said
Seeks their conversation

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Joins a small Baptist congregation to which they belong
Story of Gifford, the minister of their congregation
Takes delight for the first time in St. Paul's Epistles.
Gifts of wisdom and knowledge

6

First germ of the Pilgrim's Progress'

Doctrine of election-Self-inquiries

Effects of certain passages in Scripture on his mind
Imparts his doubts and fears to the three poor women
They report his case to Mr. Gifford

His false notions of the corruption of our nature
Ruminations after a sermon

Confirmations and doubts

A voice from within.

Suggestions of unbelief

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Recurrence of consolatory thoughts

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Ministry of Gifford

Meets with Luther's Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians
Finds it a history of his own experience

Fresh temptations of the evil spirit.

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Hears a voice from without, as of a sudden rushing wind

Reverie upon a settle in the street

Hopes of heavenly pardon

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His own belief of the causes of his long temptations

Searches the Scriptures anew

Baptized by Gifford in the river Ouse

Death of Gifford

Value of Bunyan's self-accusations

His copy of Fox's 'Book of Martyrs'

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Tetrastics written therein

Bunyan called upon to speak a word of exhortation in Gifford's church 127

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Bunyan arrested.

History of his imprisonment

Nature of his indictment

Examination by Justice Wingate

His interview with the Clerk of the Peace in prison

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His midnight preachings

Visits the Christians at London

Book of Martyrs;-Pomponius Algerius

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Bunyan's observations on the letter of Pomponius Algerius.

Apprehensions and inward conflict.

Bunyan not the victim of intolerant laws

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Supports his family when in prison by making tagged thread-laces

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Chosen Pastor of the Baptist congregation at Bedford
Declaration of indulgence

Bunyan set free in the twelfth year of his imprisonment
Print of him pursued by a rabble

Preaches at the meeting-house in Southwark
Charles Doe, a Baptist minister, his first biographer
Owen's character of his preaching to Charles II.
Story of a sermon

His collected works indiscriminately arranged

His first publications

Looks for a millennium

Bunyan tolerant in controversy

His great desire to be denominated a Christian

Extracts from his printed writings

Yearly visit to London

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Tradition of him at Reading

Death and burial

His widow's advertisement about her husband's works

The first volume of his works published

His children

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Description of his character and person

His portrait by Sadler

His pulpit Bible

Recent discovery of the first edition of 'The Pilgrim's Progress'

Gay's humorous allusion to the eighth edition

Dishonest imitators of his allegory and manner

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Germ of "The Pilgrim's Progress'

Charge of plagiarism refuted

Bolswert's Pilgrimage of Dovekin and Willekin

Dr. Patrick's Parable of the Pilgrim

Lucian's Hermotimus

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LIFE OF CROMWELL.

THE pedigree of the Protector's family commences about the middle of the eleventh century with Glothyan Lord of Powys, who married Morveth the daughter and heiress of Edwyn ap Tydwell, Lord of Cardigan;—a Welsh genealogist no doubt would be able to trace the Lords of Cardigan and Powys up to Cadwallader and so on to Brennus and Belinus. William ap Yevan, the representative of the family in the fifteenth century,

*1. 'Histoire de Cromwell, d'après les Mémoires du Temps et les Recueils Parlementaires.' Par M. Villemain. 2 tom. 8vo. Paris, 1819.-2. 'Memoirs of the Protector, Oliver Cromwell, and of his Sons Richard and Henry. Illustrated by Original Letters, and other Family Papers." By Oliver Cromwell, Esq., a Descendant of the family. With Portraits from Original Pictures. London. 1820. 4to.-3. Oliver Cromwell and his Times.' By Thomas Cromwell. London. 1821.-4. 'Cromwelliana. A Chronological Detail of Events in which Oliver Cromwell was engaged from the year 1642 to his Death 1658 with a continuation of other Transactions to the Restoration.' Westminster. 1810. Folio.

The first of these works is in all respects a very good book; the second, which contains much less original matter than we had hoped to find there, is the commendable attempt of an old and respectable gentleman to vindicate the character of his great ancestor. Mr. Thomas Cromwell, the author of the third work, appears not to be a descendant of the family: his book, though very inferior to M. Villemain's, and composed in too ambitious a style, is on the whole so fairly written and intended, that we advise the author to ask himself whether some of his statements are not more conformable to the prejudices with which he took up the subject, than to the facts with which he became acquainted in pursuing it,-to reconsider the grounds and the consistency of some of his opinions-and if a second edition of his book should be called for, to introduce it by a preface somewhat more modest and decorous. The fourth and last article consists of a series of extracts from the Diurnalls, and other publications of those times. With these works before us, and with the aid of such other materials as the rich memoirs of that disastrous age afford, and the industry of later writers has supplied (among whom Mr. Noble deserves especial mention as one of the most laborious and accurate and useful of the pioneer class), we shall endeavour to present a compendious and faithful account of Oliver Cromwell's eventful life.

B

was in the service first of Jasper Duke of Bedford, Henry the Seventh's uncle, afterwards of that king himself. His son. Morgan Williams, married the sister of that Cromwell whose name is conspicuous in the history of the Reformation, and who, though not irreproachable for his share in the transactions of a portentous reign, is on the whole largely entitled to commiseration and respect. The eldest son of this marriage called himself Richard Cromwell, alias Williams, and as the former was the more popular and distinctive name, the alias, though long retained by the family in their deeds and wills, was dropt in ordinary use. This Richard was one of the six challengers who held a tournament in 1540 at Westminster against all comers. The justs were proclaimed in France, Flanders, Spain, and Scotland. The challengers entered the field richly accoutred, and their horses trapped in white velvet; the knights and gentlemen who rode before them were apparelled in velvet and white sarsnet, and their servants were all in white doublets, and "hosen cut after the Burgonian fashion."* Sir Richard was knighted on the second day, and performed his part in the justs so well that the king cried out to him, " formerly thou wast my Dick, but hereafter thou shalt be my diamond;" and then dropping a diamond ring from his finger bade him take it, and ever after bear such a one in the fore gamb of the demy-lion in his crest. As a further proof of the royal favour, he and each of the challengers had a house and an hundred marks annually, to them and their heirs for ever, granted out of the property of the Knights of Rhodes, the last prior of that religion dying at this time broken-hearted for the dissolution of his order.

Sir Richard Cromwell was one of those persons who were enriched by the spoils of the Church. He was appointed one of the visitors of the Religious Houses, and received for his reward so large a portion of the plunder, that the church lands which he had possessed in Huntingdonshire only, were let in Charles the Second's reign for more than £30,000 a year; and besides these he had very great estates in the adjoining counties of Cambridge. Bedford, Rutland, and Northampton. The donors of estates to monasteries and churches usually inserted in their deeds of gift a solemn imprecation against all persons who should usurp

[* Stow, by Howes, ed. 1631, p. 579.]

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