will do his work, as well as their own understandings, the justice to weigh his reasons, before deciding against the doctrines, in support of which they are adduced. For, he will not anticipate the possibility, that any of them, however opposed to him in sentiment, instead of refuting his arguments by open and manly demonstration, will resort to the disingenuous and illiberal substitute, of impugning his motives. But, if otherwise; he must avow, that, he acts under his own impulse only, and has no understanding or connexion with any party whatever; and, being under oath to support the constitution, he has done so, in the only way in his power, to the best of his small ability. For the rest, he begs leave to adopt from Grotius, as translated by Barbeyrac,- Si j'ai avancé quelque chose de contraire a la piété, aux bonnes mœurs, a l'écriture sainte, aux sentimens reçûs de toute l'eglise chretienne, ou en un mot a quelque verité que ce soit, je le désavoue, et je veux qu'il soit tenu pour non dit.'

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PART I.-OF GENERAL RIGHTS.

CHAP. I. Of the Rights of Man, as derived from his nature

and condition, p. 9.

DIVISION 1. Natural Rights.-Self-preservation, 11. Liberty, 13.

Equality, 14. Rights of conscience, &c., 15. Rights of property, 16. Self-
defence, 23. Defence of property, 24. Redress, 25. Of the pretended
right to make war, 29. Of the right to form associations, &c., 31.

DIVISION 2. Rights retained in Society.-Self-defence in cases of ex-

treme urgency, 40. Qualified or civil liberty, &c., 41. The rights of con-

science, 45. The right of property, 51. Right of equality, 51. The right

of freely discussing public measures, &c., 53. The right of petition, &c. 54.

The right to reform, &c. 55.

CHAP. II. Of the Social Compact of the citizens of the dif-

ferent States in the American Union, in the formation of

the General Constitution, taken in connexion with the real

or supposed compact of the citizens of each State, in the

formation of their own State Government, 65.

CHAP. III. Of the powers delegated to the General Govern-

ment in the Federal Constitution, 74.

The Constitution of the United States, 74. The powers of Con-

gress, 90. The powers and duties of the President, 109. The Judiciary,

118. Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, 119. Its appellate juris-

diction, 121. Of the respect which ought to be paid to the decisions of the

Supreme Court, 124. Opinion of Ch. Jus. Jay, 130.

CHAP. IV. Of the powers delegated to the State Govern-

ments, by the people of each State, respectively, 133.

Reform of state representation, 138. Goddard's case, 143. Remarks on

the remedy in case of an unconstitutional law, 146. On the limits of the

jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, 152.

CHAP. V. Of the Independence of the States and the Sove-

reignty of the Union, considered together, and how far the

latter is consistent with the former, 156.

CHAP. VI. Of the rights reserved to the people of the Uni-

ted States; not being granted either to the general govern-

ment or to the state governments, 174.

Religious freedom, 175. Freedom of speech

bear arms, 176. Quartering of soldiers, 179.

rious other privileges and exemptions, 180.

to 198.

PART II.

and the press, ibid. Right to

Trial by jury, &c. &c., va-

Right to assemble, &c., 191

OF
OF SOME PARTICULAR RIGHTS.

CHAP. I. Of the right of suffrage and of elections, 201.

Of the right of the majority, 203. On parties, 207. Patriotism, 207.

Right to instruct Representatives, 217.

CHAP. II. Of the liberty of speech and of the press, 220.

CHAP. III. Of the power of Courts to punish for contempts,

233.

Statute of the United States concerning the law of contempts, 240.

CHAP. IV. Of the law of libel in relation to public officers,

253.

Dennie's case, 257.

CHAP. V. Of the rights of Juries, 269.

Of the power of the jury in civil actions, &c., 274. In criminal prosecutions,

&c., 276. Lilburne's trial, 286. Rosewell's trial, 290.

CHAP. VI. Of the rights of Witnesses, 299.

CHAP. VII. Of the mode of redress for any infringement of

civil or political rights, committed either by the officers of

the General Government, or of any of the State Govern-

ments, 317.

Unconstitutional law, 318. Case of the Missionaries, 320. Oppression by

military commanders, 321. Abuse of the power to commit for contempts,

323. Čase of Charles Knowles, 323. Case of Zenger, 324. The power of

the Supreme Court, if a citizen should be oppressed by Congress, 326. Out-

rages by mobs, 329. Of the writ of HABEAS CORPUS, 332. Stacey's case,

335.

PART III.

OF THE POLICY WHICH OUGHT TO BE PURSUED BY THE

GENERAL GOVERNMENT IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE,

MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE.

Remarks on the questions; 1. Whether the prohibition of foreign goods,

&c. is advantageous to a manufacturing state, 360. 2. Whether such prohi-

bition is disadvantageous to a non-manufacturing state, 365. 3. Whether

it is a national advantage, &c., 369. 4. On the constitutional power of Con-

gress to make such prohibition, 370. Conference between a manufacturing

and a non-manufacturing state, 377.

CHAP. III. Commerce, 386.

Domestic trade, 387. Foreign trade, 387. The carrying trade, 394.

CONCLUSION. On the future prospects of the United States,

395.