[References are to sections]

PUBLIC PROFESSION-continued

obligation to expand present service, 281.

PUBLIC SERVICE LAW

public service and private business, 1.
differentiation of the public service law, 4.
peculiar law of public service, 720.
extraordinary duty to serve, 1.

unity of the public service law, 39, 1300.
all must be served, 39.

reasonable rates must be made, 39.

facilities must be provided, 39.

no discriminations must be made, 39.

evolution in the law governing public employment, 1281.
development of the public service law, 40.

efficient administration, 42.

ultimate limitations, 42.

PUBLIC UNDERTAKING

whether the transaction is public or private, 750.

1. Service Rendered upon a Special Basis

boarders at an inn, 751.

special acceptance as guest, 752.

special passenger trains, 754.

train neither regular nor passenger, 754.

special freight trains, 755.

circus trains, 772.

chartered accommodations, 753.

train established upon special guaranty, 756.

train become scheduled train, 756.

excursion trains, 757.

not strictly a common carrier, 757.

excursion train apparently regular, 757.

chartered train, 758.

single car only is chartered, 758.

2. Unusual Methods of Service

passengers traveling in unusual place, 759.

take passage on that part of the train provided for passengers, 759.

getting safely upon the platform, 760.

vehicle not intended for passengers, 761.

traveling elsewhere than in passenger cars, 761.

[References are to sections]

PUBLIC UNDERTAKING-continued

carriage on construction trains, 762.

traveling on unfinished railway, 762.

railroad carrying passengers on freight trains, 763.
passengers not generally carried on freight trains, 764.
special undertaking by telephone company, 765.
delivery of messages by telephone, 765.
telegrams delivered out of limits, 766.

unrepeated telegrams, 766.

3. Peculiar Conditions of Service

owner accompanying his goods, 767.
agent goes with the goods, 767.
carrier in general control, 768.
luggage carried by passengers, 769.
liability of the innkeeper, 770.
goods taken across a ferry, 771.
ferryman not often a carrier, 771.
owner going with his freight, 772.
drover attending to cattle, 772.
cars taken by switching company, 773.
towboat is not usually insurer, 774.
tugboats not carriers, 774.

responsibility for through cars, 775.

relations with dependent services, 776.

sleeping car service, 776.

express service, 776.

4. Special Arrangements with Particular Classes

mail clerks, 777.

public or private, 777.

express messengers, 778.

passengers or not, 778.

employés of the sleeping company, 779.

owners accompanying their shipments, 780.

employés of contracting shippers, 781.

limitation against liability, 781.

concessionaires in general, 782.

employés while on duty, 783.

workman on gravel train, 783.

employés receiving independent service, 784.

greaser being transported to work, 784.

liability in gratuitous service, 785.

[References are to sections]

PUBLIC UNDERTAKING-continued

gratuitous service upon the usual terms, 785.

explicit limitation to private basis, 786.

[References are to sections]

RAILROADS-continued

service which is ultra vires, 340.

belt lines, 177.

railroad logging, 223.

"industrial" railways, 177.

union railways, 129.

service limited to route constructed, 272.

may withdraw from its entire undertaking, 296.

railroad to maintain its main stem, 318.

regular service over its whole system, 299.

may abandon part of its line, 307.

See CARRIERS OF GOODS; CARRIERS OF PASSENGERS; FACILITIES FOR
SERVICE; PUBLIC PROFESSION

RAILROAD VELOCIPEDE

no place for passengers, 761.

See CARRIERS OF PASSENGERS

RAILWAY BRIDGES

as separate public services, 126.

RAILWAY TERMINALS

as separate public services, 125.

RAILWAY TUNNELS

as separate public services, 128.

RATE MAKING

various theories as to rate making, 1190.
1. Determination of Cost

proper proportion of total costs, 1191.

fair capital charges for the year, 1191.

annual expenditures properly chargeable, 1191.

apportionment of separable costs to different services, 1192.

particular costs of moving traffic, 1192.

expense of transporting freight and passengers, 1192.

particular expenditures involved in moving a car load, 1192.

average amounts expended in transportation, 1192.

allocation of joint costs, 1193.

respective costs of passenger and freight business, 1195.

some distribution can be made, 1193.

arrived at by striking some proportion, 1193.

apportionment between interstate and intrastate business, 1194.

[References are to sections]

RATE MAKING-continued

apportionment of total expense, 1195.

mileage proportion, 1195.

revenue proportion, 1195.

method of proportionalizing, 1196.

two theories-mileage proportion and revenue proportion, 1195.
two proportions, each of which it is admitted has its error, 1196.
compound proportion, utilizing both proportions, 1196.
proportionate share of different classes, 1197.

2. Average Cost per Unit

average rate per unit of services, 1198.

gas rates per cubic foot, 1197.

recognition of the ton-mile cost basis, 1199.

ton-mile cost as standard, 1198.

ton-mile cost basis, the, 1199.

ton-mile basis is not oppressive, 1200.

authorities permitting disproportionate rates, 1201.
rates in schedule should not be disproportionate, 1201.
authorities opposed to disproportion, 1202.

3. Method of Fixing Rates

basis upon which charges are made, 1241.

methods for measuring price, 1241.

of the unit of charge, 1242.

methods of computing freights, 1243.

not unreasonable to employ different methods for, 1243.

different basis in supply services, 1244.

by word, 1243.

by minute, 1243.

by cubic foot, 1243.

by ton, 1243.

meter basis, 1244.

requiring metering not discrimination, 1245.

taps basis, 1244.

query as to the flat rate, 1246.

4. The Unit of Service

justification of the minimum charge, 1247.

necessary expense of each individual service, 1247.
principle applicable in all public service, 1248.

high minimum charge for initial service, 1248.
when additional capital charge, 1248.

unit must be reasonable, 1249.