monthly, is published in the interest of the Swedenborgian denomination, at No. 1802 Mount Vernon Street. It is a sixteen-page periodical, and was commenced in 1881.

The Tacony New Era was established Dec. 8, 1881, by William C. Watson and Daniel Muncy, and ran for one year. At that time Mr. Muncy sold his interest to Thomas J. Mills, and the paper is still continued.

Truth in Life, a children's journal, devoted chiefly to temperance, and The Illustrated Treasury of Knowledge, also a juvenile periodical, the purpose of which is to illustrate Bible truths from science, were established by the American Sunday-School Union in January, 1882.

The Family Review, devoted to legal, medical, educational, and social affairs, was first issued in January, 1882, and published at No. 355 North Fourth Street, by M. G. Taylor.

The Medical Register, a record of the literature of medicine and the allied sciences, was commenced Feb. 15, 1882, as a monthly publication, the publishers being P. Blakiston, Son & Co., at No. 1012 Walnut Street.

Our Continent, an illustrated weekly journal, published by "Our Continent Publishing Company," was issued for the first time Feb. 15, 1882. The officers of the company were Albion W. Tourgée, president; Daniel G. Brinton, M.D., secretary; and Robert S. Davis, treasurer. The first named was also the editor of the journal. Among the contributors to the initial number were George Parsons Lathrop, Sidney Lanier, Donald G. Mitchell, George H. Boker, Oscar Wilde, E. P. Roe, William M. Baker, J. T. Trowbridge, John Habberton, Max Adeler, Louise Chandler Moulton, Kate Field, William Pepper, M.D., Noah Porter, Helen Campbell, and Rebecca Harding Davis. Before the close of the second volume the title was changed to The Continent, and in the latter part of 1883 it was removed to New York City.

The Law and Order Advocate, a weekly paper, was issued for the first time on Sept. 4, 1882, from No. 126 (old number 134) South Fourth Street. Its object was the maintenance of the " 'American Sabbath," and the suppression of intemperance and vice. The Caterer, a gastronomic monthly, was conceived by its publishers and editors in the beginning of 1882, but the initial number was not issued until the 1st of October of that year. Its character was not intended to be simply that of a cook-book, but of a nature that would interest and instruct upon general topics relating to the household and to domestic economy. It met with instant favor, and it has since received substantial patronage from thousands of readers. It is under the general direction of Joseph Whitton, and is published at No. 1013 Chestnut Street. The editor, James W. Parkinson, has long been known as a chief in gastronomic science.

The Germantown Independent was started Oct.

7, 1882, as a four-page, six-column weekly paper. Departments were added from time to time, embracing news items from Olney, Branchtown, Chestnut Hill, Mount Airy, and other suburbs of the town and out-of-the-way corners of the ward. A special feature was the introduction of portraits and biographical sketches of home celebrities, historical buildings of the town, etc.

Its proprietors are Horace F. McCann and J. Alex. Savage (McCann & Savage). Both are practical printers, McCann being a graduate of the Germantown Telegraph office, and Savage an early apprentice of the Guide; also afterward a contributor to and compositor on a number of city papers.

The publication office is at No. 4958 Germantown Avenue, where a large job business is done in addition. The paper has now a very large circulation for a suburban journal.

The Sower,"published every other Saturday (except from July 1st to September 15th) under the auspices of the Philadelphia Unitarian Churches," made its appearance Nov. 4, 1882.

The Literary Era, "a monthly repository of literary and miscellaneous information," was established in December, 1882, by Porter & Coates, at No. 900 Chestnut Street, and has met with substantial success from the outset.

The Clerk, a commercial paper, issued monthly, came into existence in 1882, and was printed only a very short while.

The Oriental Casket was started in 1882, but only a few numbers were issued.

The Record of Growth, a miscellaneous journal, had its inception in 1882, and is not now in existence. The Hearthstone, an illustrated literary paper, started in 1882, is issued every Monday.

The American Silk and Fruit Culturist was started in 1882, and is published monthly at No. 1328 Chestnut Street.

The Saturday Journal, started in 1882, is published at No. 5125 Kershaw Avenue, Hestonville, West Philadelphia.

The Echo was started in 1882 as a monthly literary periodical.

The Home Protector, a temperance and literary journal, published every Saturday, was commenced in 1881.

The Agents' Bulletin, published monthly, was first issued in 1882.

Chaff, a monthly paper, came into existence in 1882. It was established as an illustrated college paper of the University of Pennsylvania, by eight graduates of the classes of 1881, 1882, and 1883. It contains original verses, illustrations, and light sketches of a humorous and satirical character, and has attained great success both in and out of the college. This paper is thoroughly original, all the articles, designs, illustrations, and engravings being by the members of the Chaff association.

The Home Circle, a Baptist family magazine, issued monthly, from No. 1420 Chestnut Street, had its origin in 1882.

The Modern Reporter, a stenographic periodical, issued every month, was commenced in 1882.

True Blue, an independent weekly paper, entered the field of journalism in 1882.

The Thoroughbred Stock Journal, published monthly, at No. 27 South Seventh Street, had its beginning in 1882.

The Peacemaker, a twenty-page periodical, issued monthly by the Peace Society, was started in 1882.

Edison's Review, issued monthly, was published for the first time in 1882.

Knights of the Golden Eagle was started in 1882, as an organ of the order of the Knights of the Golden Eagle.

The Textile Monitor is published monthly, at No. 220 Church Street. The initial number was printed in 1882.

The Industrial Review was established in 1882, by the Industrial Review Publishing Company, and is issued monthly, at No. 806 Walnut Street.

The Miller's Review, devoted to milling interests, is published at No. 610 Chestnut Street, and had its origin in 1882.

The Spectator, published weekly, in the interest of the colored race, was started in 1882, but only a few numbers were issued.

The Review, a literary journal, published in behalf of the Society of Friends, was started in 1882, and issued monthly.

Strawbridge & Clothier's Quarterly, a family journal, published by Strawbridge & Clothier at No. 801 Market Street, has been in existence since 1882. Terpsichore, a monthly periodical, was started in

1882.

The Scholar's Quarterly, a periodical intended to aid in the Sunday-school work of the Reformed Church, was issued for the first time in 1882.

Stewart's Banjo and Guitar Journal was originated in 1882.

The Sunlight was begun in January, 1883, and is published by the American Baptist Publication Society, at No. 1420 Chestnut Street, every other week, alternately with The Reaper, and at the same price. It has already gained a large circulation.

The Sunday Hour, an illustrated religious journal, was commenced in January, 1883, by the American Sunday-School Union.

Boogher's Repository, "devoted to the preservation of history, biography, and genealogy," was started in March, 1883, as a monthly magazine, and published by William F. Boogher, and edited by Horace Wemyss Smith. After the issue of the first number the latter assumed full control of the publication, and the May number was changed in title to

The Illustrated World was established by James Elverson, of the Saturday Night, who, on the 14th of April, 1683, published the initial number from the northwest corner of Ninth and Spruce Streets. Money was liberally expended on American talent, and in importing the plates of the finest and latest contributions to art in the Old World. But the fair prospects of the paper were doomed to come shortly to an end, in what was generally termed "The Saturday Night Injunction Case," brought by a citizen who complained that the running of the presses at night disturbed his rest, and otherwise made him uncomfortable. In refusing the injunction asked for, namely, that Mr. Elverson should be restrained from running his presses between six o'clock in the evening and six o'clock next morning, Judge Hare gave "leave to the complainant to apply for a further order, should circumstances render it expedient." This compelled Mr. Elverson to suspend the publication of The Illustrated World or have it printed elsewhere. As the latter alternative would have brought about unsatisfactory complications, he finally announced, in the number for Nov. 17, 1883, that he was forced by the decree of the court "to suspend the publication of the paper."

The American Psychological Journal, issued by the National Association for the Protection of the Insane and the Prevention of Insanity, had its inception in April, 1883, as a quarterly publication. It is published by P. Blakiston, Son & Co., at No. 1012 Walnut Street, and is under the editorial direction of Dr. Joseph Parrish.

The Sporting Life, published by Francis C. Richter, was commenced on the 15th of April, 1883. Office on Ninth Street below Walnut.

The Polyclinic, a monthly journal of medicine and surgery, conducted by the faculty of the Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine, appeared July 15, 1883, and is published by P. Blakiston, Son & Co., at No. 1012 Walnut Street.

The Philadelphia Tobacconist, published in the interest of the tobacco trade, was started early in 1883, being issued from No. 126 South Second Street.

The Agents' Telegraph, a monthly paper, was first issued in 1883.

Schwaebisches Wochenblatt, a German paper, was commenced in 1883.

The Evening Call, an independent afternoon newspaper for the people, was first issued Sept. 17, 1883. From the beginning the number of copies daily printed and sold has exceeded sixteen thousand. The Weekly Call was first issued Dec. 15, 1883, and sold of its third issue twenty-six thousand four hundred copies, which is unprecedented in the history of weekly journalism. The following is the platform upon which both The Evening Call and The Weekly Call are conducted:

"OUR PAPER-A Newspaper for the People, of the People, and by the People.

"OUR POLITICS-A candidate's fitness for office, irrespective of his Party name.

"OUR RELIGION-Character instead of Creed. He believes truth who lives truth.

"OUR AIM-The greatest good to the greatest number."

Robert S. Davis, the publisher and editor of The Call, is a native of Philadelphia, and received a collegiate education. In 1860-61 he studied law, but finally abandoned it, and became a general writer for newspapers and magazines. In 1863 he went to Washington, D. C., where he was the correspondent of several papers. While in that city he made the acquaintance of James Elverson, and the two became room-mates and warm friends. Joining their small savings, they entered into various speculations, in which they were quite successful. Possessing considerable means, they came to Philadelphia in 1865, and started the Saturday Night, the phenomenal success of which is generally known to the public. In the early part of 1882, having disposed of his share in the Saturday Night, Mr. Davis, together with two or three others, issued Our Continent, an illustrated weekly literary journal. Within less than a year, however, he withdrew from the new enterprise, and thereafter his thoughts were turned toward daily journalism. Finally he set about carrying into effect his resolution to establish a daily newspaper, and in accordance therewith issued The Evening Call in September, 1883. Mr. Davis is an energetic, enterprising man of business, and his tendency is to bring success where many others might fail.

The Home Companion, a monthly family paper, was started in the early part of 1883.

The Chestnut Hill and Montgomery News, a weekly paper, issued on Saturday, was published for the first time in 1882.

Truth, a Sunday paper, was started in 1883, and after a life of several months publication was suspended.

The Daily Register, a morning paper, devoted to the publication of the arrivals at the principal hotels of the city, was started in 1883, the office of publication being in The Press building, at the southwest corner of Seventh and Chestnut Streets.

CHAPTER XLIX.

SECRET ORDERS AND SOCIETIES.

The Masonic Order.-The weight of evidence, official and unofficial, direct and collateral, goes to substantiate the claim of Philadelphia to be the mother-city of Masonry in America. We do not know the date or the circumstances of the formation of the first lodge, but it is reasonably inferred that some of the brethren, who had been initiated in England or elsewhere, met together more than a century and a half ago in this city, and resolved to establish an organization.' It is, however, positive that, on June 5, 1730, the Duke of Norfolk, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England, issued a deputation to Daniel Cox,' of New Jersey, as Provincial Grand Master of the provinces of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. This document, which is still in existence, speaks of application having been made by a number of brethren, then resident in the provinces named, which fully demonstrates the fact that prior to 1730 there were Masons in Philadelphia who united in asking recognition from the supreme head of the order. Moreover, Benjamin Franklin, in his Pennsylvania Gazette, of Dec. 8, 1730, said there were then several lodges of Freemasons erected in the provinces.3

1 John Moore, in 1703, was commissioned by the king as collector of the port of Philadelphia. In 1715 he wrote a letter, in which he mentions having "spent a few evenings of festivity with my Masonic brethren." This is the earliest written evidence in existence of the fact that members of the craft dwelt within the present jurisdiction. Many descendants of John Moore attained professional and political, as well as Masonic, prominence.

2 Daniel Cox was the son of Dr. Daniel Cox, of London, Governor of the province of West Jersey, and its largest landed proprietor, who, in 1691, sold the territory and the government to the West Jersey Society for nine thousand pounds. In 1703 the second Daniel Cox was appointed commander of all the royal forces in West Jersey, and was thence known as Col. Cox. Between 1705 and 1716 he was a member of the Council and of the Assembly, and in the latter year went to England. The minutes of the Grand Lodge of England show that at its meeting on Jan. 29, 1731, he was present, and his health was drunk as "Provincial Grand Master of North America." In 1734 he was appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, and in 1739 he died in office. He was the author of a collection of voyages and travels, and “A Description of the English Province of Carolana, by the Spaniards called Florida, and by the French La Louisiana; as also of the great and

of fresh water, and the parts adjacent, with an account of the commodities, and their growth and production in the said Provinces."

3 A very interesting discovery was made in the early part of 1884 by Clifford P. McCalla, R. W. J. G. W. of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, who found among the MS. held by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania the original ledger of St. John's Lodge of Philadelphia from June 24, 1731, to June 24, 1738, which establishes the claims of Philadelphia to be the metropolis of Masonry in America. The oldest record pre

viously known bore date two years later, and the oldest record in this State, that of Lodge No. 3, is dated 1767. The book was exhibited by its discoverer on the evening of the 28th of February at his lecture before Lodge No. 51, on " A Remarkable Masonic Life," that, namely, of Ben

The book is bound in stiff vellum, and is labeled on the front cover, "Philadelphia City, St. John's Lodge, Libr. B." The entire volume is well preserved. It is of the blank-book pattern, five and a half by twelve inches, and two inches thick. It has an alphabetical index of

Thomas Cadwalader's letter of Nov. 17, 1754, to Henry Bell, of Lancaster, has an allusion to the writer as one of the originators of the first Masonic lodge in Philadelphia, which was sometimes opened by a party that used to meet at the Tun Tavern in Water Street. In the fall of 1730 they designed obtaining a charter from the Grand Lodge of England, but Grand Master Cox coming into office, they procured it from him. Then on St. John's day, June, 1732, a Grand Lodge was held at the Tun Tavern, when W. Allen was chosen Grand Master, William Pringle, Deputy Master, and Thomas Boude and Benjamin Franklin, Wardens, for the ensuing year. The notice of this meeting in the Pennsylvania Gazette says "Sun Tavern," which is undoubtedly a misprint, as the most diligent search of the local antiquarians has failed to discover any such establishment. The Tun Tavern was kept by Thomas Mullan, and was on the east side of the street then indifferently called Water Street or King Street. The lodge, which before and after the Revolution was "No. 3," bore the additional title of Tun Lodge, an unquestionable allusion to the place of its origin. In 1734, Dr. Franklin, then Grand Master of the province of Pennsylvania, had some correspondence with Henry Price, who had been appointed by Lord Montague Grand Master of England, Provincial Grand Master of New England and dominions and territories thereunto belonging. Franklin's letter bore date Nov. 28, 1734, and in it he said that as he had heard that "Mr. Price's deputation and power were extended over all America," the brethren in Pennsylvania requested from him a charter confirming them in their privileges of holding a Grand Lodge. It is not known that Price made any reply to Franklin. It has been stated on June 24, 1734, a deputation was granted by the St. John's Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, but there is no evi

the names of the brethren of the lodge. A curious thing about it is that some of the pages are occupied with commercial entries in reference to the publication of seventeen hundred and ninety copies of the PrayerBook, New Testament, and the Laws of Pennsylvania, a fact which shows that some member of the lodge devoted to its service one of his business ledgers. The B on the cover shows that an A preceded it, though probably not a volume of accounts, as the lodge originated only in the latter end of 1730, and in 1732 had but nineteen members, as appears from its vote when one of its members, William Allen, was elected Provincial Grand Master of Pennsylvania.

Among the names of the members are those of Henry Pratt, William Paschal, James Bingham, Owen Owen, Thomas Hopkinson, Capt. William Plumsted, John Waugh, James Hamilton, Joseph Shippen, Thomas Bond, Philip Syng, Richard Howell, Dr. Thomas Cadwalader, David Humphrey, and Henry Lewis, all of whom are still represented in Philadelphia society. The tenth name on the list is that of Benjamin Franklin, and the book establishes the fact of his having been made a Mason on June 24, 1731, when "the remainder of his £3 entrance-fee is £2." He had probably paid one pound previously, for he is charged with five months' dues, dating, no doubt, from his "apprentice" days. His publication on Masonry appeared in his Gazette of Dec. 8, 1730. From this it is apparent that Franklin became affiliated as an entered apprentice at least four months previously, say in or before February, 1731. By comparison with the register in the "Freemason's Pocket Companion," published in Dublin in 1735, St. John's Lodge is identified with No. 116, and it met on the first Monday of each month; the place of meeting in this register is placed at the Hoop, in Water Street.

dence that it was ever acted upon, and even the fact of the grant rests under a shadow of doubt. Franklin's application was caused, as he writes, by the "fear of some false and rebel brethren, who were foreigners, and who were about to set up a distinct lodge in opposition to the old and true brethren, and pretending to make Masons for a bowl of punch, the craft coming into dissension unless the true brethren are countenanced and distinguished by some such special authority as desired."

In 1735 the Grand Lodge changed its place of meeting from the Tun Tavern to the Indian King, the oldest and one of the celebrated public resorts of that day, situated on the South side of High [now Market] Street, below Third, at the southwest corner of Biddle's Alley [between Bank Street and Third Street]. In 1749, about the time of the appointment of William Allen as Provincial Grand Master, the Grand Lodge removed to the Royal Standard Tavern, located on High Street, near Second Street. By this time the members wearied of meeting in taverns, and, on March 12, 1752, they resolved to erect a separate building for Masonic purposes. It was finished in 1754, and was a three-story brick building on the south side of Norris [afterward Lodge] Alley, just west of Second Street. Erected by subscription at a cost of about seven hundred and thirty pounds, it was called the Freemason's Lodge, and the title was vested in trustees of the three lodges. On St. John's day, 1755, the Masons had their first public procession and celebration. They marched from the Norris Alley hall to Christ Church, where they listened to a discourse from Brother William Smith upon the precept, Love the Brotherhood, fear God, and honor the King." This was the order of the procession:

แ

1. The Sword Bearer carrying a drawn sword.

2. Six Stewards with white rods, walking two-and-two.

3. The Grand Secretary and Grand Treasurer, who bore each a crimson damask cushion, on one of which was laid the Bible, and on the other the Book of Constitutions.

4. A reverend brother.

5. The Grand Master, supported by two brethren of rank and distinction.

6. The Deputy Grand Master, supported in like manner.

7. The two Grand Wardeus.

8. Two members of the Grand Lodge.

9. The three orders, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, carried by three Tylers.

10. The three Masters of the three regular lodges of the city.

11. The two Wardens of the First Lodge.
12. The two Wardens of the Second Lodge.
13. The two Wardens of the Third Lodge.
14. The three Secretaries of the three lodges.
15. The three Treasurers of the three lodges.
16. The visiting brethren walking two-and-two.

17. The members of the First, Second, and Third Lodges walking twoand-two.

18. The six Stewards with their rods, walking two-and-two.

19. The Grand Masters, Governor Morris', Governor Tinker's, and others of the brethren's coaches and chariots, empty.

Cannon thundered their salutes and a curious populace gazed upon the panoply and display as the line marched to the church and returned to the hall. There a banquet had been prepared, which the Masons

and their guests enjoyed until the very modest hour of five o'clock in the afternoon.

Up to this time there were two Grand Lodges in England, the Grand Lodge of England (at London), and the Grand Lodge of All England (at York). Harmony and discord alternately marked the relations of these two bodies, and in 1753 certain brethren complained of the encroachment of the Grand Lodge at London on their rights, declared that the ancient landmarks had been removed, and they seceded, assuming the title of "Ancient York Masons," and denominating the followers of the regular Grand Lodge at London as "Moderns." From the Grand Lodge of Ancients the present Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania had its origin. The Provincial Grand Lodge (Ancients), which was numbered one, has left no official memorial to show the circumstances which attended its origin. Lodge No. 2 claims its date from July 7, 1758, when it was chartered by the London Grand Lodge as English Lodge No. 69. On June 20, 1764, the London Grand Lodge issued a patent to Lodge No. 69, Ancient York Masons, at Philadelphia, authorizing them to form and to hold a Grand Lodge for the province of Pennsylvania. This warrant was acted upon. The Provincial Grand Lodge was organized, and it is enumerated in the list of lodges as No. 1. Recognizing the authority of this Provincial Grand Lodge, No. 69 surrendered its warrant, and a new warrant was issued to the same brethren, authorizing them to hold Lodge No. 2, A. Y. M., of Pennsylvania. Lodge No. 3 must also have been in existence under a prior English warrant. Its earliest record bears date Oct. 22, 1767, at which time it was organized under a warrant from the Provincial Grand Lodge. Hugh Stewart was at that time Worshipful Master. Up to the Revolution the Masters of No. 3 were as follows: 1767, Hugh Stewart; 1768, Robert Moore; 1769, James Loughead; 1770, William Shute; 1771, John Fox; 1772, John Fox; 1773, Alexander Kidd; 1774, James Fulton; 1775, Dr. Anthony Yieldall; 1775-76, Charles Allen. Before the Revolution the place of meeting of the lodges of Ancient York Masons was probably in Videll's Alley, a small court which ran from the west side of Second Street, below Chestnut, westward. There was in this alley a building used occasionally for lectures, religious meetings, and other purposes.

was held in Philadelphia before 1758. This chapter worked under the warrant of Lodge No. 3, and had communication with the military chapter working under Warrant No. 35, granted by the Grand Lodge of All England, which proceedings were subsequently ratified by that body.1

The subject of Royal Arch Masonry was for many years one of difficulty to the order in this State. In 1795 a man named Molan was at the head of the attempt to introduce innovations into the Royal Arch degree, and to form an independent Royal Arch Chapter in Philadelphia, under the warrants of Lodges Nos. 19, 52, and 67, held in this city, and a Maryland and a Georgia lodge. The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania nullified these proceedings, but acknowledged the right of the subordinate lodges to exalt their members to the Royal Arch degree. To secure uniformity in the work, it established a Grand Royal Arch Chapter (the first in the United States), and in 1798 decreed that no warrant for a chapter should be granted by the Grand Chapter except to be worked under the warrant of a regular existing lodge. In the previous year a convention of chapters, attended by delegates from Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, and New York, had met at Boston, and had repudiated the authority of Grand Lodges over Royal Arch Chapters.

In 1798 a Grand Chapter was erected, having jurisdiction over all the States mentioned, and made provision for organizing State Grand Chapters, to which authority was given to institute subordinate chapters. The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania protested against all this, and much inconvenience was caused to the Royal Arch Masons of this State. The trouble was healed in 1824, when the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania agreed to a separation between itself and the Royal Arch Chapter, which was thenceforth to be independent, with authority to confer the Mark Master's and the Most Excellent Master's degree, the Grand Lodge retaining control of the Past Master's

1 The military, or traveling lodges, were established in both armies. Before the Revolution, Masons of the Seventeenth British Regiment were granted a warrant as Lodge No. 18 by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. The present Montgomery Lodge, No. 19, was established by warrant granted May 13, 1779, to the First Regiment of Pennsylvania

Volunteer Artillery. During the war this lodge traveled with the

Pennsylvania line, and some time ago the brethren of that lodge had in possession an old-fashioned chapeau-de-bras which belonged to the traveling lodge, and might have been worn by the Master. No. 19 worked under the original charter until after the war. In 1784 the warrant was surrendered to the Grand Lodge. In 1786 a new warrant

According to Ahiman Rezon, the first Royal Arch Chapter in America of which any account exists

directed to Thomas Proctor, of the First Regiment of Pennsylvania Artillery. Under the latter warrant, Montgomery Lodge, No. 19, is still worked. The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania also issued warrants to North Carolina, Maryland, and New Jersey Regiments of the Continental army.

After the Revolution, Warrant No. 58 was issued to officers connected with St. Clair's expedition to the Northwest Territory. The Masonic jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania was without limit. Upon the records there are entries of warrants issued to lodges in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia,

Hayti, and the West Indies.