brothers and sisters of the blood of the ancestor from whom the estate came; if none, then to the ancestor; if dead, then to children of the ancestor; if none, then to husband or wife of such ancestor, if a parent of decedent for life, then to rest in the brothers and sisters of such ancestors; if none, then to the brothers and sisters of the half blood of the decedent; if none, to next of kin. If the estate was acquired by purchase and not by inheritance, it goes, first to the children; if none, to husband or wife; if none, then to brothers and sisters of the whole blood; if none, then to brothers and sisters of the half blood; if none of these, then to father; if none, to mother; if none, then to next of kin.

Personal property goes the same way as real estate by purchase, except that when the intestate leaves no child, the widow is entitled to all the personal estate; if there be a child or children, she takes one-half of any sum of $400 or less, and one-third of the residue. The widow is entitled to dower in the real estate.

Divorce.-Causes: (1) Former husband or wife living; (2) willful absence for three years; (3) adultery; (4) impotence; (5) extreme cruelty; (6) fraud in obtaining the marriage; (7) any gross neglect of duty; (8) habitual drunkenness for three years; (9) imprisonment in the penitentiary under sentence; (10) the procurement of a divorce without the State by the other party.

Executions issue against person or property, or for delivery of possession of real property. Executions issue from the court of common pleas to any county in the State. Execution against a person issues upon allowance by the court of one or more of the charges enumerated under arrest. Unless execution issues within each five years the judgment becomes dormant. Upon return by the sheriff of an execution unsatisfied in whole or in part, or while the execution is out, upon affidavit that the debtor has property which he refuses to apply to the satisfaction of the judgment, an order may be obtained from the probate or common pleas court compelling the debtor to appear and disclose his assets. All orders made are enforced by process of contempt. No stay of execution is allowed except on judgments rendered by a justice of the peace.

Exemptions. The following personal property of a person with a family is exempt: Wearing apparel, neces

sary beds, etc.; two stoves and fuel for sixty days; certain. domestic animals and their food for sixty days; or, household furniture of equal value to the amount of $65; family books and pictures; provisions to the amount of $50, and other necessary household furniture to same amount; one sewing-machine, one knitting-machine; tools and implements of trade to the value of $100; personal earnings of debtor and his minor child for three months. A drayman can keep one horse, harness and dray. A farmer, one horse, or one yoke of cattle, with necessary gearing, and one wagon. A physician, one horse, one 'saddle and bridle, and professional books, medicines and implements worth $100. An unmarried woman can hold exempt; wearing apparel worth $100; one sewing-machine; Bible, etc., and other books worth $25.

A homestead owned by the head of a family to the value of $1,000.

Any resident with a family may, if he owns no homestead, hold other personal property beside that expressly exempt, to the amount of $500.

Garnishment. Any fiquidated rights in action may be garnisheed, save those arising on negotiable instruments not yet due.

Interest.-Six per cent. is the rate of interest, unless otherwise agreed. By contract eight may be taken. If more is promised, the obligation bears only six per cent., and any excess paid may be set off against the amount remaining due, or recovered back by action.

Judgments. Of courts of common pleas are liens on all lands in the county standing in the name of the judgment debtor. A transcript of a judgment of a justice, or mayor of a city or village, may be filed with the clerk of the common pleas court, and becomes a lien on such lands.

Limitations.-Action against executor on bond, save in special cases, must be brought in four years. For recovery of real estate, twenty-one years; forcible entry and detainer or detainer only of real estate, two years; on specialty, written agreement, contract or promise, fifteen years; contract not in writing express or implied, liability created by statute, other than forfeiture or penalty, six years; trespass on real estate, taking, detaining or injury of personal property, replevin, injury to the rights of plaintiff not aris

ing on contract, and not hereinafter enumerated, and relief on ground of fraud, four years; the cause of action for wrongful taking of personal property, or on ground of fraud, does not accrue until discovery; for relief not hereinbefore specified, ten years. If the person entitled to bring suit be within the age of twenty-one, a married woman, insane or imprisoned, they have, after disability removed, in the first class of real actions, ten years; in actions not in the first two classes of real actions, the times herein before specified. If at, or after the time that the right of action accrues, defendant be out of the State, absconded or concealed, the statute does not run while he is thus out of State, absconded, or concealed. In cases founded on contract, payment thereon, or written acknowledgment thereof, or written or signed promise to pay, take out of statute and give again the time herein before indicated.

Married Women.-The real and personal estate, and the rents and income thereof, of a married woman, are not subject to her husband's control, or liable for his debts. The wife cannot deed, mortgage, or incumber her real estate, unless her husband joins; but may lease for a term not exceeding three years. The extent of legal liability of a married woman is uncertain, but generally speaking, she is liable at law, whenever a court of equity would charge her separate estate. A married woman may become surety for her husband on promissory notes, and is not permitted to deny that she intended thereby to charge her separate estate for the payment of the note. Qualifications for Voting.-Every male citizen of the United States, residence in the State one year, in county and district such time as may be provided by law, and twenty-one years of age.

Wills. Any person of 21 may make a will. The will must be signed at the end by the testator, or by some other person in his presence, by his direction. This must be done in the presence of two witnesses or acknowledged to them. The witnesses must attest and subscribe the will in the presence of the testator. Any bequests to charitable or religious bodies are void as against children, unless the will was executed at least one year prior to the decease of the testator.

SPECIAL LAWS OF OREGON.

Arrest.-May be arrested when not resident of State; also on an action for a fine or penalty, in an action to recover personal property unjustly detained, and in cases of fraud in incurring the debt, and for concealing or disposing of property to defraud creditors.

Assignments.-Are void unless made for the benefit of all the creditors. It must be acknowledged and recorded. in the county where the debtor lives. An inventory, under oath, of his property, his creditors, and the debts owing to them must be annexed to the assignment by the debtor. The assignee must also file an inventory, under oath, of all the property which has come into his possession, and its value. Notice must be given to the creditors. Claims must be presented by the creditors within three months after the notice, or they lose their right to share in the assets. The debtor is not discharged from liability for the payment of the balance of the debts remaining unpaid.

Chattel Mortgage.-A copy must be filed with County Clerk. Good as against creditors, etc., for one year only. May be renewed before the expiration of the year by filing an affidavit showing the amount still due the mortgagee. If the mortgage is for less than $500, the property may be sold by the Sheriff or any Constable, upon the written request of the mortgagee.

Descent and Distribution of Property.-Real property descends: first, to the children in equal shares, children of deceased child taking parent's shares; if no lineal descendants, then to wife; if no wife, to father; if none of these, then in equal shares to brothers and sisters the issue of deceased brother or sister, and mother in equal shares; if none of these are living except the mother, she takes all to exclusion of issue of brothers and sisters; if none of these, then to next of kin. Widow has dower.

Personal property goes all to husband, if any; if intestate leaves a wife, she takes all the personal property, unless there are children; in this case, she takes one-half, and the child or children the other half.

Divorce. The plaintiff must have resided in the State for one year. Causes: (1) Impotency; (2) adultery; (3) conviction of felony; (4) habitual gross drunkenness of two years; (5) willful desertion for three years; (6) cruel and inhuman treatment; (7) personal indignities rendering life burdensome.

Evidence.-Parties. to a suit and in interest, competent

witnesses.

Executions.-May issue at any time within five years after entry of judgment, and afterwards by leave of court. Exemptions.-Books, pictures and musical instruments. to value of $75; necessary wearing apparel to value of $100, and if debtor has family, to value of $50 for each member of the family; tools, implements, apparatus, teams, vehicle, harness, library necessary for trade or profession, to value of $400; food for team for sixty days. Beside this, a householder may hold exempt: ten sheep and one year's fleece, two cows and five swine; household goods, furniture and utensils to value of $300; food for such animals for three months, provisions for family use for six months; pew in church; all property of the State, county, city, town, etc.

Garnishment.-Debts owing defendant may be gar

nisheed.

Interest.-Legal rate is eight per cent., but parties may agree to pay ten per cent. per annum; above this it would be illegal, and if taken, is deemed usurious, and makes a forfeiture of both principal and interest.

Judgment-Is a lien on real estate from the time it is docketed, and lien expires if ten years elapse without execution having been issued.

Limitations.-Action on judgment must be commenced within ten years from time it was recorded in any State or territory of the U. S. Same applies in case of instruments under seal; six years on contract or liability.

Married Women.-Separate property of married women not liable for any debts of husband.

Qualifications for Voting.-Every male citizen of the U. S., such as have declared intention one year previous to election, residence in State six months, and 21 years of age.

Wills.-Persons over 21 may dispose of real estate by will; persons over 18, of personal property. The will must