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(2) where the female was under fourteen and married without the consent of her parents; (3) adultery; (4) extreme cruelty; (5) habitual intemperance for two years; (6) willful desertion for one year; (7) willful neglect to provide; (8) fraud or force in obtaining the marriage; (9) conviction and sentence for two years or longer. The plaintiff must have resided six months in the Territory.

Executions-On judgments for money may issue at any time within five years from entry thereof, and not after five years, but on all other judgments may issue by leave of court, or by judgment for that purpose on supplemental pleadings.

Exemption.-Homestead, $5,000; also necessary household furniture, farming utensils, tools of trade, professional library, etc. Similar to California.

Interest.-Legal rate ten per cent.; but parties may agree to any rate not exceeding eighteen per cent. per

annum.

Judgments are liens from the date of docketing, and continue for two years. They may be obtained in from ten to forty days in district court; in from three to fifteendays in justice's courts; and in ten days in probate court; Supplementary proceedings may be had on the return of an unsatisfied execution.

Limitation expires on claims against deceased persons in ten months after publication of notice to creditors; four years on book accounts; five years on notes; six years on judgments.

Married Women.-The husband controls the separate estate of the wife, but the separate estate of the wife is not liable for his debts. The note of a married woman does not bind her separate estate.

Wills. All persons over the age of 21 may dispose of all property by will, except that the widow is entitled to one-half of the common property.

or

Persons over 18 can make a will of personal property. Wills must be in writing signed by the testator, or by some person in his presence by his direction, and must be attested by two more witnesses at the request of the testator in his presence and in the presence of each other. Wills are recorded in the Probate Clerk's office.

SPECIAL LAWS OF ILLINOIS.

Arrest.-A debtor is not liable to arrest for debt except upon charge and proof of fraud.

Assignments. Preferences are not allowed. If a preference is given, it does not make the assignment absolutely void, but the assets are distributed proportionately.

The assignment must be acknowledged and recorded in the county where the debtor resides.

An inventory of the creditors, the debts owing to them, and the property assigned, must be annexed to the assignment by the debtor. The assignee must file his sworn inventory in the County Court, and give bonds in double the value of the property. He then gives notice, by publication for six weeks, for creditors to present their claims in writing under oath. These claims should be presented within three months. The assignee's commissions are left to the discretion of the court.

Chattel Mortgage is good for two years. It cannot be then renewed, but a new mortgage must be given to continue the lien. A mortgage of stock-in-trade with power to sell and replace the stock from time to time is good between the parties or if the mortgagee takes possession; but it can be set aside by creditors.

Descent and Distribution of Property.-1st, to the children and their descendants, in equal parts; 2d, if no child or descendant, and no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents, brothers and sisters, in equal parts, each of the parents taking a child's part, and if one of them be dead, the other receiving a double portion; 3d, when there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or descendant of a child, one-half of the real estate, and the whole of the personal estate goes to such widow or surviving husband; 4th, if there are also children, the widow or surviving husband takes one-third of the personal estate; 5th, if there is no child, parent, brother, sister or descendants, the estate descends to next of kin; if no kindred, the widow or surviving husband takes the whole estate.

Divorce.-Causes: (1) Impotence; (2) bigamy; (3) adultery; (4) desertion or drunkenness for two years; (5) attempt on the life of the other; (6) extreme and repeated cruelty; (7) conviction of felony. The plaintiff must have resided one year in the State.

Evidence. No person shall be disqualified as a witness in any civil suit or proceeding, by reason of interest in the event thereof, as a party or otherwise, or by reason of conviction of crime. Except where the adverse party sues or defends as trustee or conservator of an idiot, habitual drunkard, lunatic, or distracted person, or as the executor, administrator, heir, legatee, or devisee, of any deceased person, or as the guardian or trustee of any such heir, legatee, or devisee, unless when called as a witness by such adverse party.

Executions. A judgment of a court of record becomes a lien on the real estate of the debtor, from the date thereof, if execution be issued on such judgment within one year from the date of rendering the same, and will continue to be a lien for seven years thereafter, but not a lien without such issue of execution; and becomes a lien on personal property only from the time of delivery of execution to the sheriff or other proper officer to execute; and judgments of justices' courts only bind the goods and chattels of the debtor from the delivery of execution to the constable.

Exemptions.-A householder with a family may claim. a homestead in land, up to the value of $1,000.

The following personal property is exempt. Wearing apparel; Bibles; school-books; family pictures; other property to be selected to the value of $100. In addition to this; the head of a family may claim, as exempt, other property of the value of $300. When the exemption is claimed, the debtor must deliver to the officer a schedule under oath of the exempt property, and all his other personal property.

Garnishment.-When an execution is returned unsatisfied, upon affidavit that the defendant has no property liable to execution within the knowledge of affiant and that any person is indebted to such defendant, such person may be summoned as garnishee. Wages to the amount of $50 are exempt from garnishment when the defendant is the head of a family and residing with the same. Persons liable

on any negotiable instrument cannot be garnisheed before maturity of the obligation.

Interest. The legal rate without contract is six per cent. per annum, but parties may contract for and recover eight per cent. The contracting to receive a greater rate of interest than eight per cent. per annum, by any person or corporation, deprives him or them from the recovery of any interest whatever.

Judgment of a court of record is a lien upon the real estate of the debtor in the county where the court is held for seven years. If execution is not issued within one year from the rendition of judgment it ceases to be a lien thereafter, but execution may issue at any time within the seven years, and will be a lien from the time it is delivered to the sheriff. Judgments rendered at the same term of court shall pro rata. Judgments may be revived within twenty years. Judgments may be confessed in person or by attorney duly authorized.

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Limitations.-Actions on evidences of indebtedness in writing must be brought within ten years next after the cause of action accrued, or after a payment or new promise in writing. Actions on unwritten contracts must be commenced within five years after the cause of action accrued.

Married Women.-A married woman may in all cases sue and be sued, without joining her husband with her, to the same extent as if she were unmarried, and an attachment or judgment in such action may be enforced by or against her as if she were a single woman.

The husband is not responsible for wife's torts, except in cases where he would be jointly responsible with her, if the marriage did not exist. Neither the husband nor wife are liable for the debts of the other, incurred before marriage, and only in excepted cases after marriage.

She is entitled to receive, use, and possess her own earnings, free from the interference of her husband. She may enter into or carry on any partnership business, with the consent of her husband. She has dower in the real estate of her deceased husband.

Qualifications for Voting.-Every male citizen of the United States, residence one year in the State, ninty days in the county, thirty days in the district, etc., and twentyone years of age.

Wills.-Males of the age of 21, and females of the age

of 18 may make a will. The will must be signed by the testator, or by some person in his presence at his direction. It must be attested and subscribed in his presence by two or more witnesses. Wills are recorded in the Probate Court.

SPECIAL LAWS OF INDIANA.

Arrest.-Where the defendant is about to leave the State, taking property subject to execution, with intent to defraud plaintiff, he may be arrested and held to bail on proper affidavit and bond filed, (1) after suit begun and before judgment, (2) after execution issued, and (3) before the time for the performance of any written agreement expires, if the defendant makes no provision for such performance.

Assignments. The assignment must be acknowledged and recorded within ten days in the office of the Recorder of the county where the debtor resides. A schedule of all the property assigned should be annexed to the assignment, with an affidavit that nothing has been withheld or transferred, and no judgment has been confessed to defraud or delay creditors. The assignee must give a bond in double the value of the property. He must file a complete inventory within thirty days, and within twenty days after must file an appraisement made by two householders. The assignee should sell the property as soon as possible, giving thirty days notice. His report should be made within six months. If there are no contested claims, the money is paid to the clerk for pro rata distribution.

Chattel Mortgages are usually made in the form of an absolute bill of sale with a defeating clause. They must be recorded within ten days after execution in the Recorder's office of the county.

Divorce is granted for the following causes: (1) Adultery; (2) impotency; (3) abandonment for two years; (4) cruel and inhuman treatment; (5) habitual drunkenness; (6) failure to provide for two years; (7) conviction of an infamous crime. The plaintiff must have resided two years in the State.

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