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and Cæsar the beauty, if not of flowing locks, the reverse of the prophetic condemnation in the adornment of well-set hair. A lady once inquired of St. Francis de Sales if she might be permitted to wear rouge? He replied, "Some persons might object to it, and others may see no harm in it, but I will take a middle course by allowing you to rouge on one cheek." The modern wig seems a middle course,' as compared with the enormities of other ages to which we have referred.

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Distinctive and characteristic wigs must, however, still be in the memory of the older folks of the present generation, especially those whose years half a century since were passed in the neighbourhood of Greenwich Hospital; there how frequently the eye was amused by the spectacle of that object of the pride of our ancient tars, the long-tail, for although "Jack" wore it from his own venerable tresses, of course it was a wig. Not that this fashion was confined to our "hearts of oak," or that it was uniform;

"There were long-tailed wigs, and short-tailed wigs,

And wigs with a curly tail."

One well-known naval novelist, Captain Marryat, in his "Poor Jack," a story the scenery of which lies mostly round Greenwich Hospital, introduces a painful episode in which Poor Jack's mother, in a fit of revenge, cuts off in his sleep the long pigtail which was the pride of his father. Great was his grief, as he exclaims, "Well, I never would have thought it, had they told me that you and I would have parted company; many, many, years has it taken you to grow to your present length; often have you been handled; often have you been combed; and often have you been tied; many's the yard of ribbon which you have cost me; I thought we should never have parted on earth, and if so be my sins were forgiven me and I could show a fair log, that I might be permitted to wear you in the world to come; but there you are, parted for all the world like a limb shot off in action, never to be spliced again. What am I to say when I go on board? I shall have a short tale to tell instead of a long tail to show; and the wife of my bosom to do this!"

The custom of the long pigtail here quite surprised the Chinese traveller, Goldsmith's Citizen of the World, when he came to our shores, and he writes down his surprise in his letter to his friend in China: "One would think that some persons had an antipathy to the human form, and were resolved to make a new figure of their own; but let us do them justice, though they sometimes deprive us of a leg, an arm, a head, or some such trifling part of the body, they often as liberally bestow upon us something that we wanted before; many of the English wear tails in their wigs to this very day, as a mark, I suppose, of the antiquity of their families, and perhaps as a symbol of those tails with which they were formerly distinguished by nature." Thus Goldsmith ingeniously finds the symbolism of the pigtail wig in a kind of incipient Darwinism many years before Darwin expounded his theories.

Thus, if we were writing a concise account of the history and physiology of the wig, we should find how various were its phases, and how many the intermediate stages between the vast proportions of its earlier period and the gradual diminuendo to which Those to which we first referred were

it came.

not only enormous, but enormously expensive, some of them costing so much as forty guineas each. If the light-fingered gentry of those old times found it worth their while to prowl about for silk handkerchiefs, we may be sure the stealing of a wig was a more profitable piece of larceny. An ingenious mode was for a thief to carry on his head a sharp boy in a covered basket, who in passing through a crowd would dextrously seize and conceal the most attractive-looking periwig. In fact, we suppose the thing was easily removed, and there is an odd story before us of Peter the Great of Russia, who was at Dantzic in the year 1716. On a State occasion he attended the church, and was placed on an elevated seat by the side of the burgomaster. the side of the burgomaster. The burgomaster sitting by him, but a little below him, the eyes of the congregation were, naturally, fixed on the Emperor. He appeared to be listening to the sermon, but, his head growing cold, he stretched forth his hand, very deliberately took the burgomaster's huge, full-bottomed wig, and put it upon his own head. Nor did he attempt to return it until after the service. It must have been an amusing spectacle-perhaps a pair of spectacles. There sat the wigless burgomaster, his venerable bald pate exposed to the subdued laughter of his fellowcitizens. The attendants of the Czar explained afterwards that his Imperial Majesty, being very short of hair, he was accustomed, when at home, in this way very frequently to borrow the head-piece of Prince Menzikoff, or any other nobleman who happened to be within his reach. It seemed an odd proceeding to the good folks at Dantzic. In Russia, had he taken the whim for removing the head as well as the wig, we suppose it would have been equally at his disposal. The humours of the Czar were very capricious, and sometimes far from pleasant.

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Did space permit, some attention might be devoted to the sources from whence the great demands which were, perhaps are still, made for human hair were supplied. As in so many other articles, free trade in hair was necessary. In our paper on "Bonnets and Head-dresses we referred to the very high prices which were paid for a handsome head of hair, and the self-denial some persons exercised in parting with their hair for substantial benefits. Dr. Wynter, in his interesting essay on Human Hair, quotes a passage from Mr. Francis Trollope's "Summer in Brittany," giving a very lively description of the manner in which the young girls of the country bring this singular commodity to the market as regularly as peas or cabbages. Possibly our readers have not seen it, and in that case cannot but be interested with the extract. Describing a fair at Collenée, he says, "What surprised me more than all, by the singularity and novelty of the thing, were the operations of the dealers in hair. In various parts of the motley crowd there were three or four different purchasers of this commodity, who travel the country for the purpose of attending the fairs and buying the tresses of the peasant girls. They have particularly fine hair, and frequently of the greatest abundance. I should have thought that female vanity would have effectually prevented such a traffic as this being carried on to any extent, but there seemed to be no difficulty in finding possessors of beautiful heads of hair perfectly willing to sell. We saw several girls sheared one after the other like sheep, and as many more standing ready for the shears, with their caps in their hands and their long

hair combed out and hanging down to their waists. | hair grow!" One shrewd fellow inquired whether Some of the operators were men and some women. he had brought any of the seed with him! The By the side of the dealer was placed a large basket, good missionary carried on the joke for a short into which every successive crop of hair, tied up into time, and then he raised his wig. The revelation of a wisp by itself, was thrown. No doubt the reason his "original head" of course drew forth a roar of of the indifference to their tresses on the part of the laughter, which was greatly increased when one of fair Bretonnes is to be found in the invariable mode the natives shouted to some of his countrymen who which covers every head, from childhood upwards, were near, "Here, see Mr., he has come from with close caps, which entirely prevents any part of England with his head thatched! he has come from the hair from being seen, and, of course, totally con- England with his head thatched!" ceals the want of it." So that, probably, the removal of the hair was rather a relief to the wearer, but the most affecting part of the story is in the price which these young daughters of Brittany received for their coveted possession. "The money," continues Mr. Trollope, "given for the hair is about twenty sous, or perhaps a gaudy pocket-handerchief." This is probably one of the most innocent sources from whence the wig was, or is, derived.

The

But if we proceed much further, our paper will become too divergent, and reach the length of the discourse of that worthy pastor of Wernigerode, who, taking for his text the words (Mat. x. 38), very hairs of your head are all numbered," found that the consideration of it naturally divided it into three parts. "First," said he, "let us consider our hair, its origin, style, form, and natural circumstances; second, we shall proceed to discuss the question of the right use of hair; and, third, by way of application, we shall advance to the memories, admonitions, warnings, and consolations which have come from human hair, and attempt to discover how it may be used in a Christian way." This was exhaustive, and we dare not attempt to dilate so amply.

Darieties.

THE DUKE OF ST. ALBANS ON EDUCATION.-In presenting the prizes in connection with the Nottingham science classes last autumn, the Duke of St. Albans said we must feel proud at the triumphs of our commerce and our industry, which had placed us foremost among the nations of the earth; but he at this moment to attack that supremacy. He was astonished would remind his hearers that Continental nations were prepared the other day to hear one of the leading bankers in the metropolis say that he was able to engage three German clerks for the price of two English ones, and that these Germans were able to speak four languages. He thought the advancement which had been made in educational matters on the Continent was a grave matter for consideration. It was no argument that because genius in this country would show itself in a variety of ways and because we had talent in our midst, schools of art and science were unnecessary. It was more than ever necessary that we should have such machinery. If Englishmen were not furnished with a good elementary education, and if science was not put within their reach, English industry would be beaten out of the field.

says:

STATISTICS.-Mr. Tallack, secretary of the Howard Association, "When at Stockholm I made some inquiry as to the startling statistics, often published, which appeared to prove that eity to be one of the most immoral in the world, and was being informed by several authorities that, in various ways, the figures are illusive. Thus, to mention one direction only, all the children of Baptists, Methodists, and other Dissenters, of whom there are a considerable number in Sweden, are returned in the statistics as illegitimate, because their parents are not married with full Lutheran rites, although de facto religiously married by their own pastors.'

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We have not felt at liberty at all to touch upon the classical department of our subject, else we might have found illustrations enough, and especially from the Latin poets; and almost all the modern imple-confirmed in my previous decided scepticism on that point by ments connected with the decoration of the head or hair have been found in the ruins of Pompeii. The more ancient mummies of Egypt might also have supplied curious matter about wigs. Nor have we touched upon any of the lessons which meet us in Scripture, either of Samson or of Absalom, "that princely young scoundrel," as one calls him, and of whom old Trap, the Commentator, says, "God made his hair his halter. Those tresses that had formerly hanged loosely, dishevelled on his shoulders, now he hangs by them. He had wont to weigh his hair, and was proud to find it so heavy; now his hair poiseth the weight of his body, and by the head he hanged which had plotted treason against his father, and his pleasant burden became his torment."

We conclude with an amusing incident told by the well-known missionary, John Williams, the "Martyr of Erromanga" :

A few years ago a venerable and esteemed brother missionary came to England, and, being rather bald, some kind friends provided him with a wig. Upon his return to the islands, the chiefs and others went on board to welcome him, and, after the usual salutations, one of them said to the missionary, "You were bald when you left, and now you have a beautiful head of hair. What amazing people the English are; how did they make your hair grow again?" "You simple people," replied the missionary, "how does everything grow? is it not by sowing seed!" They immediately shouted, "Oh, these English people! they sow seed upon a bald man's head to make the

aquilina) EXCELLENT FOOD FOR PIGS.-On the authority of

THE YOUNG FRONDS OF THE BRAKE OR BRACKEN (Ptèris

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Mr. James Babbage (the intelligent sub-agent to Sir Walter C.
Trevelyan, Bart., at Nettlecombe, his interesting and beautiful
seat in Somersetshire) we are able to state that the young fronds
of the common bracken have been found excellent food for pigs.
He says:
Walking over the estate one day in the spring I saw
a man and his family busily employed gathering the young
shoots of fern. On inquiry, I found they were intended for
their pig. Having expressed a doubt as to the fern possessing
any nutritious quality, the man said it was equal to potatoes,
and that he would undertake to feed a pig with it alone, and at
the end of a month produce the pig in as good condition as
another pig that had been fed with potatoes." The way to prepare
the fern is to boil, or rather simmer, it for two hours in an iron
pot. When cold it forms a strong jelly.

Δ.

THE SPECTROSCOPE AND THE TRANSMUTATION OF METALS.

Mr. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S., has made the startling announcement that the sixty-four bodies, which at present stand in our text-books as the simple elements of which all terrestrial matter is composed, are neither more nor less than hydrogen at various degrees of condensation. The spectroscope has been the means employed in the investigations. It will be remembered that this novel analytical instrument was applied with great success by Dr. Janssen and Mr. Lockyer to investigate the constitution of the sun, and that the process was subsequently applied, with remarkable results, to the other celestial bodies, by Dr. Huggins. bands of light which these bodies yielded in the prism. The Strange hieroglyphics were detected in the coloured and streaked present experiments, by which Mr. Lockyer believes he has achieved his latest discovery, seems to have been made with

terrestrial metals in his own laboratory. In the presence of several eminent scientific men he is reported to have succeeded in effecting the transmutation of at least six of the metals. By a powerful voltaic current, he is said to have volatilised copper within a glass tube, dissolved the deposit in hydro-chloric acid, and then to have shown that the solution contained no longer copper, but calcium. By the same means nickel was converted into cobalt, and calcium into strontium.

The experiments astonished those who witnessed them, and were considered to be conclusive as far as they went. On the other hand, they have been received with incredulity in the scientific world at large. It has been pointed out that the evidence for so great a reversal of existing views is of that exclusively optical character which the spectroscope furnishes, as distinct from that which would result from a directly chemical or physical investigation. Metals which have hitherto yielded separate lines in given places in the spectrum are now compelled by Mr. Lockyer's process to coincide in position, and to yield only one common line. In other words, the refrangibility of the rays of incandescent metals has been shown under certain conditions to be equal instead of diverse, and this common refrangibility of rays is the only indication that the bodies under analysis are identical in their elementary composition. On behalf of Mr. Lockyer, it is pointed out that the results obtained are purely conform able to the laws of spectroscopy, which have never yet been discredited; and that astronomers, physicists, and chemists alike have hitherto agreed in accepting the indications of the spectroscope as to the constitution of solid, fluid, and incandescent bodies. Further, should such testimony be invalidated, of which at present there is no sign, many of the most brilliant of recent expositions as to the nature of the sun and the stars would have to be given up. Should, however, Mr. Lockyer's conclusion be verified, and the sixty-four elements be really reduced to less than the traditional four of earth, air, fire, and water, the past twelvemonth will have been a veritable annus mirabilis in the annals of science. The year is already remarkable for the abolition of the permanent gases, as they used to be called, MM. Cailletet and Pictet having recently liquefied almost simultaneously all gases of that description.

EDUCATION OF MAORIS.-A novel competition was held recently at the Portobello School, Otago, New Zealand, between the five best native Maori children attending the native school and an equal number of white children selected from the English school. The subjects for examination were arithmetic, including vulgar and decimal fractions, geography, writing, spelling, and reading. In dictation the native scholars were easily beaten; but in the next subject, arithmetic, they managed to score a total of twenty-two sums correctly rendered out of thirty, against fourteen of the same exercises given to the English children. In geography the competitors were closely matched, the advantage being slightly on the side of the natives. In writing the palm was again given to the Maoris, who were, however, beaten in oral spelling as they had been in dictation. On a review of the whole test, the umpires decided that the marks were equally divided between the two competing classes. This result was not unlooked for by those who have had experience of the aptitude of the native children in acquiring learning.

THE REVENUE FROM DRINK AND TOBACCO.-In the year ended March 31, 1878, the Excise and Customs duty from spirits in the United Kingdom was £20,675,928; while the duty on malt produced £7,721,549; on wine, £1,628,295; the Excise duty on sugar used in brewing, £526,208; Excise licences on brewers and maltsters and for the sale of beer, spirits, tobacco, and wine, £1,941,912; and the tobacco duty, £8,006, 836. The total revenue from these sources is £40,504,600, to which England contributes £29,726,753; Scotland, £5,569,594; and Ireland, £5,208,253. The estimated population of England on June 30 last was 34,854,397; Scotland, 3,593,929; Ireland, 5,433,640-total 43,881,966.

JEWISH SCHOOLS.-Mr. Le Page Renouf, one of her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools, stated, in his report last year on schools in the Tower Hamlets, that the largest school in his district, and probably in all England, is the Jews' Free School in Bell Lane, Spitalfields. The average attendance last year was 1,248 boys and 850 girls. At one of his visits he found 2,437 children present-1,452 boys and 985 girls. There are nine certificated masters and six certificated mistresses, six assistant-teachers and thirty-six pupil-teachers. The inspector bears witness to the influence of the school upon so large a number of children,

many of whom belong to foreign families, in which the English language is but rarely and most imperfectly spoken, and who are also of migratory habits. The inspector says he finds no arhool in which so large a proportion of the pupil-teachers, especially of the boys, obtain the grants under Article 19. He is obliged to hold a separate examination for the Jewish pupilteachers of the district, as they are unable to attend the general examination, which is always held upon a Saturday. He takes occasion to remark that there are limits beyond which religious minorities, like Jews or Roman Catholics, cannot without injustice be compelled to work with the majority. He adds that a large Jewish infants' school is held in Commercial Street, Spitalfields, and that in many visits to this school, private as well as official, he has never seen a little child idle.

FUNERAL AND MOURNING REFORM.-A Church of England Funeral and Mourning Reform Association has been formed. At the inaugural meeting held at Sheffield during the Congress of last year, the Bishop of Sodor and Man presiding, the following resolution was moved by Earl Nelson and seconded by the Rev. Erskine Clarke, Vicar of Battersea :-"That an association be formed called the Church of England Funeral and Mourning Reform Association, the members of which shall encourage the adoption of such observances only as are consistent with a hope of resurrection to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord; and discourage feasting and treating on the day of burial, and all useless extravagant expenditure in the coffin and its furniture, on the occasion of the funeral, and in the wearing of mourning; the members adopting the broad ground that funerals should be conducted and mourning worn without the unmeaning pomp, vain ostentation, and dismal pageantry of hatbands, scarves, plumes, mourning coaches, heavy crape trimmings, and the like, which involve unprofitable expenditure, inflict severe hardship upon persons of limited means, and neither mitigate grief nor manifest respect for the dead." It was stated that already many influential clergymen and laymen had joined the association-the Archbishop of York, Earl Fitzwilliam, K.G. (Lord-Lieutenant), Lord Wenlock (Lord-Lieutenant), the Lord Mayor of York, the Earl of Zetland, the Earl of Wharncliffe, Earl Cathcart, the Bishop of Ripon, Lord Pollington, Lord Teignmouth, Lord Middleton, Lord Muncaster, Lord Hawke, the Deans of Ripon and Manchester, Archdeacons Cust, Hey, Watkins, and Blunt, Mr. Beresford Hope, Canon Ryle, the Vicars of Sheffield, Leeds, Hull, Wakefield, nearly all the clergy of the diocese of York, members of Parliament, justices of the peace, naval and military officers, doctors, lawyers, merchants, tradesmen, and working men. Notwithstanding all this array of authority; it will be long before public opinion is "reformed" on this subject. The undertakers are a very powerful "interest," and they have ready allies in popular usage. By a "decent funeral" is meant, in common language, a burial beyond the means and position of the mourning family. Even in thrifty Scotland there is a vulgar prejudice in favour of a dead person being "we'el put awa'," which means buried with needless display and expense.

AN AMERICAN CRACK SHOT.-Mr. Joseph Partello, a clerk in the War Department at Washington, according to the "New York Herald," accomplished a most marvellous feat. From the statement made by our American contemporary, it appears that Rifle Association last October, Mr. Partello achieved the extraduring a practice trial at the target ranges of the Columbia ordinary score of 224 out of a possible 225. In other words, he of a maximum of 45 bull's-eyes. The actual record was, first, a made at the three ranges of 800, 900, and 1,000 yards, 44 out string of 15 bull's-eyes at the 800 yards range, which he followed up with 12 bull's-eyes at 900 yards. This made 27 consecutive bull's-eyes. The next shot was a 66 centre," but the marksman at once recovered his extraordinary skill, finishing the 900 yards range with two bull's-eyes, and completing his The nearest approach to this wonderful performance was at the record by an unbroken string of 15 bull's-eyes at the 1000 yards. walk-over of the American team at Creedmoor, a few days before, for the international trophy, when Sumner attained the then unparalleled score of 221, beating by two points Bruce's score of 219 at the international contest at Creedmoor in 1876. Mr. Partello is, comparatively speaking, a young hand at the rifle, having begun to practise only two years ago. He is about twenty-five years of age, rather under the medium height, and slightly built; he does not weigh much over 9st. 4lb. His tastes have hitherto been of a literary and musical nature, and he acts as organist in a church at Washington. He has been a teetotaler, and recently, to promote the steadiness of his nerves, he gave up smoking.

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cry of which, in its first wild utterance, yet rang in his ear, for he was worse than a prisoner, wedged in between walls of ice, from which he could not extricate himself. Stiff, bruised, and cold, conscious of life, but only so far as deepened the horrors of the situation, he could not but shrink with dread, his fears gradually increasing to mental agony by what he discovered. The narrow ledge on which he stood appeared to join two crevasses together, and might be on the point of giving way. Close to him, and on each

PRICE ONE PENNY.

side, was a gulf, dark and drear, silent and unfathomable. After one glance downwards he resolved to look no more; and yet, against his will, his eye turned that way again and again, cruelly fascinated by those depths of ice and mystery that were yawning to receive him.

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the bare thought of this impediment to his safety being removed. It was but for a moment, and then the better self of the man broke through the mists of a stupefied selfishness, and roused him to the realities and higher possibilities within his reach. The love of life, even in circumstances like these, was strong, When able to think, the first idea was that sooner but something better and nobler was stronger still. or later he must lose his footing, and sink down into Angry with himself for the baseness that had for an that terrible darkness. Was not the anxious waiting instant tainted the blood, now again creeping as bad as the certainty? And next, how painful was healthily back to his heart, he made a desperate the silence-not a sound to be heard already the effort to gather up some fresh mental energy which stillness of the tomb was around and about him. It might save them both. If this poor man were yet oppressed, it overpowered him, dulled his brain, and, breathing, might not a word from a fellow-sufferer by degrees, gained such a mastery over his senses, keep him, by breaking, if only for a short space, a that, as its leaden weight became more and more silence which had in it more of the horror than of the heavy, reason partially wavered. The wild and solemnity of death? Pressing his hands firmly strange, mixing with the real, wrapped him in against the rock of ice in front of him, he called doubt, wonder, and consternation. It seemed as if feebly and faintly, his husky voice scarcely making he had left the world and had already passed into a sound; but, bending his head on one side, the some weird-land, where all was desolation. Immense better to look down, he found that the rope moved. white blocks, veined and spotted with blue un- Now, indeed, he felt that his small chance of safety earthly tints, were all about and above him, enclos- was all but gone. His feet must slip; one hair'sing him in a marble tomb, away from sight or sound breadth, and he would glide and glide until he sank of man. It seemed long ago since he had started in the into that terrible darkness! Oh, for another halfmorning sunshine, rejoicing in the pure beauty of hour of life! If he could but retain his footing a earth's verdure, and treading the mountain paths little longer, there was a possibility of rescue. with a vigour and delight he scarcely, if ever, had remembered, with a feeling almost harrowing, because felt before. It was surely long ago since he had more compounded of fear than hope, that his hat had smelt the fresh air, fragrant with the scented fallen off, and might reveal the sad catastrophe to his pines, or crisp and beautiful as he recollected feeling brother. Enough for the moment that the chance exit when it swept over the fields of unstained snow. isted. He knew of men having been saved in similar He grew colder and colder. A shudder, breaking circumstances by the devotion of their guides. These for a time the stupor into which he was settling, heroic fellows, taking their lives in their hands, were pressed upon him a painful sense of solitude, that accustomed, by means of niches cut by their hatchets seemed gathering more and more about him. What in the ice, to descend the improvised ladder step by would come between it? There was but one answer step, and had sometimes succeeded in saving a fellow-death, and such a death! Glancing again at the creature. Cecil would stimulate their exertions by abyss below, his thoughts took another direction. all the means in his power, by all the pleadings of Where was his companion? Was he still alive? humanity, and by the promise of high rewards. In Was he still hanging on to the rope that yet en- the weak condition of his mind, Warren was encircled his own waist? Though Warren had just deavouring to imagine what Cecil might offer, when given himself up for lost, the bare idea of the new a fresh and painful fact flashed across him, the one danger, rising out of this supposition, swept over of which Cecil had jestingly reminded him that him as a fresh wave of misery. The anguish of a morning, that his brother was his heir. What if new terror laid fast hold of his heart, almost sus- Cecil suffered himself to be tempted? pending the little action it yet had. One movement, thought was too monstrous to be entertained. be it ever so slight, and he would be snatched from the frail support that stood between him and destruction-and who should say when that might take place? Like himself, his guide might be for the moment safe, and only stunned. He might be stunned the phrase repeated itself with pregnant meaning-and when he came to himself he would naturally move, and then

Warren Sinclair's brain reeled and shrank appalled before the upspringing thought which he would gladly have hidden away from his most secret consciousness. But it had come and stood before him as a thing to be grappled with. For that little spot of support, just now regarded as too frail to give a lengthened chance of keeping body and soul together for a few more moments of a half-frozen existence amid rocks of ice, where the coldness of death already penetrated, and which must close him in with everlasting night before the fast-declining day was gone, he grudged the prolongation of the terrified life that might for a short period throb in that stranger's veins ! But perhaps he was already dead. Again Warren Sinclair had to despise himself for the vile ogotism that gave a thrill to his benumbed frame at

But the

Glancing upwards, Warren had sense enough to see the fragile nature of the hope that had begun to stir him in a feeble cloudy manner. The sky, if sky it were, appeared only as a streak, greyer and clearer than the misty blue light surrounding him. Could any one descend into these ghastly depths and expect to come out alive? Cecil might naturally hesitate to risk another life for a chance so small; and who would blame him? Warren's heart quailed and quailed as he tried to argue the point with himself. Cecil was in no wise a bad man as the world counts; he was not unkind; not more mercenary nor selfish than other men; and yet-in an egotism from which he now shrank in horror-he had just forgotten his own duty to a suffering brother. In all this there was nothing consoling, nothing calculated to strengthen the flickering hope that, from its very fragility, was not unmixed with pain.

As the time passed on, Warren's mind, in a whirling chaos of conflicting feelings, made desperate attempts to hold together some threads of reasoning, and then again wandered off into fancies he could not control. Ever and again returned the idea, what if he lost his standing ?-which he must do if his com

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