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letters not less than 1 inch in length upon the top and side of every package. Retail dealers are similarly required to label the outside wrapper of each package sold in printed letters not less than one-half inch in length. It is also unlawful to remove or deface labels or to change the contents of packages. Penalty, $50 to $500. Hotel and restaurant or boarding-house keepers who serve butter substitutes shall have the dish holding it similarly marked. Violators of this provision are fined $5 to $100. (Acts of 1885, ch. 127.)

CALIFORNIA.

FOODS GENERALLY.

Adulteration of food and drugs.-The adulteration of any article of food or of any drug, or the sale of such adulterated articles, is prohibited. A drug is deemed adulterated if it differs in strength or purity from the standard fixed by the United States Pharmacopoeia, or of such other pharmacopoeia or standard work as recognizes the article, or if its strength or purity falls below the professed standard under which it is sold. Food is deemed adulterated if any substance has been mixed with it so as to injure its quality or strength; if any inferior substance has been substituted in it; if any valuable constituent has been taken from it; if it is an imitation; if it contains diseased or decomposed animal or vegetable matter; if it is colored or otherwise made to appear better than it really is, or if it contains any added poisonous ingredient or ingredient injurious to health. Mixtures or compounds recognized as ordinary articles of food or drink may be sold, if not injurious to health, if containing all necessary and no unnecessary ingredients, and if distinctly labeled as such. Every person manufacturing or selling any drug or article of food shall furnish anyone interested, on request and payment, with a sample sufficient for analysis. Penalty for violation, $25 to $100, or imprisonment 30 to 90 days, or both, together with costs of inspection and analysis. (Statutes of 1895, ch. 76.)

Honey.-No person shall sell honey extracted by bees from natural sources and adulterated with glucose or any other substance, nor any article as honey which is not the natural product of the bee. Penalty, $100, or imprisonment 3 months, or both. (Statutes of 1895, ch. 104; Statutes of 1897, ch. 15.)

Olive oil.-Every person who manufactures imitation olive oil must label each bottle or other container with the words "Imitation olive oil" in large type and with his name and the names and percentages of the ingredients. It is unlawful to forward, sell, or have in possession imitation olive oil not so marked. Retail purchasers must be informed of the character of the imitation and must be furnished a statement or label. No person shall sell oil manufactured out of the State as manufactured within the State. The State board of horticulture and the State analyst shall enforce the law. Penalty, $100 to $500, or imprisonment 30 days to 6 months, or both. (Statutes of 1893, ch. 177.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Milk. The law prohibits the sale of adulterated or unwholesome milk, or of milk drawn from cows having such diseases as cause them to become feverish, or from cows within 15 days before or 5 days after parturition. Penalty, for first offense, $25 to $50, or imprisonment 25 to 50 days; for subsequent offenses, $50 to $100, or imprisonment 50 to 100 days, or both.

The State dairy bureau is empowered to inspect dairies and creameries and to require them to be put into sanitary condition. It is required to take prompt measures to suppress any contagious disease affecting dairy cattle. Whenever in the judgment of the veterinary surgeon of the State it is necessary, animals may be slaughtered to protect the public health. (Statutes of 1897, ch. 75.)

Cheese.-Cheese manufactured from pure mik and containing not less than 30 per cent of butter fat is considered "full-cream cheese;" if made from pure milk and containing 15 per cent of butter fat, it is half-cream cheese;" and if made from pure skimmed milk, it is "skimmed cheese." All cheese shall be thus branded according to its true quality with brands furnished by the State dairy bureau. Penalty, same as in case of milk. (Statutes of 1897, ch. 76.)

Imitation butter and cheese.-No article made in imitation of butter or cheese, and containing any fat or oleaginous substance not produced from unadulterated milk, shall be manufactured or sold, unless on each package is marked the words "Substitute for butter" or "Substitute for cheese," together with the name and location of the manufacturer and the names and percentages of the various ingredients. Every person having possession of imitation butter or cheese is presumed to know that it is imitation. No person shall ship and no common carrier shall

receive any unmarked imitation. Keepers of hotels and boarding houses must notify their guests if such imitations are used, and no such imitations are permitted in any charitable or penal institution receiving assistance from the State. Penalty, for first offense, $50 to $150, or imprisonment not over 30 days; for subsequent offenses, $150 to $300, or imprisonment 30 days to 6 months.

Dairy bureau.-The governor is to appoint 3 citizens who have had practical experience in the dairy business as a dairy bureau to enforce this and other similar acts. (Statutes of 1897, ch. 75.)

Process butter.-No person shall manufacture or sell any butter made by boiling, melting, or renovating stale or decomposed butter in such a way as to make it resemble pure butter, unless the package containing it shall be marked, in letters not less than one-half inch long, with the words "Process" or Renovated" butter. (Statutes of 1899, ch. 25.)

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COLORADO.

FOODS GENERALLY.

Adulteration of food and drugs.—It is unlawful to adulterate any article of food or any drug, or to sell such adulterated articles, or to mix, color, or powder any article of food or drug so as to make it injurious to health or to injure its quality. Articles which are thus mixed, colored, or powdered, but not rendered injurious, may be sold under their true name, with the notice of their mixture or impurity properly marked upon them, and with notice to each purchaser. Penalty, fine not over $300, or imprisonment not over 1 year. (Laws, 1893, p. 392, secs. 61-65; compare Laws, 1887, p. 16, secs. 3-5.)

Liquors. It is unlawful to adulterate spirituous liquors with any poisonous or injurious substance, or to import such adulterated liquors, or to sell them. The adulteration of vinous or malt liquors is also prohibited. Each package of vinous or malt liquors shall be stamped with the manufacturer's name and with the appropriate name of the contents, together with the word "Pure." Penalty, $100 to $300, or imprisonment not over 6 months, or both. (Laws, 1887, p. 18; Laws, 1895, p. 203.

Glucose.-No person shall mix glucose with sirup, honey, or sugar without marking on each package its true name and the percentage of glucose, nor shall such mixtures be sold without notice to the buyer of their character. Penalty, $50, or imprisonment not over 3 months. (Laws, 1893, p. 393, sec. 66.)

Unwholesome food.-It is unlawful to sell the flesh of any diseased animal or of any animal dying otherwise than by slaughter, or any provisions whatever which are decayed or injured. Penalty, not over $1,000, or imprisonment not over 2 years, or both. (Laws 1887, p. 15; compare 1893, p. 392, sec. 60.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Milk. It is unlawful to sell milk adulterated with water or any foreign substance, or milk drawn from diseased cows or otherwise unwholesome, or milk from cows fed upon garbage or upon any substance in a state of fermentation or otherwise deleterious. Milk from which cream has been taken or from which strippings have been withheld may be sold only with notice to the purchaser. Any county, city, or town may appoint a milk inspector to enforce the law. Penalty, not over $500, or imprisonment not over 1 year, or both. (Laws, 1887, p. 15, sec. 2; Laws, 1893, p. 394, secs. 69-72.)

Butter and cheese.-It is unlawful to manufacture or sell any article not produced wholly from unadulterated milk or cream in imitation of cheese or yellow butter; but oleomargarine may be sold in a separate form, free from coloration or ingredient which causes it to look like butter. It is also unlawful for hotel keepers, public or private schools, or charitable or penal institutions to furnish imitation butter or cheese to their guests or inmates.

Branding of cheese.-The State dairy commissioner shall furnish uniform stencils for branding cheese. Cheese containing 35 per cent of butter fat in comparison with the total solids shall be branded "Colorado full-cream cheese," that containing less fat shall be branded "Skimmed cheese," and cheese into which foreign fats or impure butter have been introduced shall be branded “Imitation cheese." Penalty for violation, $100 to $500, or imprisonment not exceeding 1 year. Dairy commissioner.-The governor shall appoint a dairy commissioner, who shall hold office for 2 years and receive $1,200 a year. He may employ assistants, and they, together with inspectors of milk, may enter any place to take samples for analysis. An appropriation of $2,000 yearly is made for the enforcement of the law. (Laws, 1895, ch. 19.)

CONNECTICUT.

FOODS GENERALLY.

Adulteration of food.-The law prohibits the manufacture or sale of any article of food or drink, used by man or cattle, which is adulterated or misbranded An article is deemed adulterated if any substance be mixed or packed with it so as to reduce or injuriously affect the quality or strength, if any inferior substance is substituted in it; if any valuable constituent has been abstracted; if it be imitation and sold under the name of another article; if it is colored, coated, polished, or powdered whereby damage is concealed, or if it is made to appear of greater value than it is; if it contains poisonous ingredients; or if it contains antiseptics not evident to the purchaser. Mixtures under their own names, or articles labeled so as to show clearly that they are mixtures are excepted, as well as those to which any ingredient is added, necessarily and not fraudulently, in preparation or as an article of commerce.

Drugs.-Every person who shall adulterate or mix a foreign substance with a drug or medicinal preparation, so as to weaken its medicinal effect, or shall sell such drug, shall be fined not less than $10 nor more than $100. (Gen. Stats., 1888, sec. 3129.)

Enforcement.-The State agricultural experiment station shall make analysis of all suspected food products procured by its agents or the dairy commissioner, and if it finds that an adulterated product has been on sale, the dairy commissioner shall transmit the facts to the grand jury or prosecuting attorney of the town in which the product was found. The experiment station may adopt standards for articles where standards are not specified by law. The proper officers are granted access to any suspected place and right to compel samples to be sold to them. Penalty, not more than $500, or 1 year imprisonment. (P. Laws, 1895, ch. 235; amended by P. Laws, 1899, ch. 22.)

Vinegar.-No person shall make as cider vinegar any vinegar not produced wholly from apples, or shall add to any vinegar any drug, hurtful or foreign substance, or any coloring matter or acid. Vinegar must have an acidity equivalent to not less than 4 per cent of absolute acetic acid, and cider vinegar must not contain less than 2 per cent of cider vinegar solids. Every maker must brand or paint upon each package his name, place of manufacture, and the true kind of vinegar contained. No person shall sell or receive an order for the sale or delivery of vinegar not conforming to these same requirements.

The dairy commissioner is charged with enforcing the law and has the usual powers of entering, taking samples, and analyzing. If vinegar be found adulterated, the proper local prosecuting officer must bring suit. Penalties: For manufacturers, $50 for first offense; $100 and imprisonment 30 days for second offense; for dealers, $10 and $50, respectively. (P. Laws, 1897, ch. 67.)

Molasses. No person shall adulterate molasses with salts of tin, terra alba, glucose, dextrine, starch, sugar, corn sirup, or other preparation of starch, or shall sell or receive orders for such adulterated molasses. Penalty $500 or 1 year imprisonment, or both.

The dairy commissioner shall have charge of the enforcement of the law. He shall have access to all suspected places, and may take samples and have them analyzed by any State chemist. If the molasses is adulterated, he shall make complaints to the local prosecuting officer. (P. Laws, 1889, p. 148, ch. 238.)

Sugar. A special provision prohibits the adulteration of sugar with various enumerated substances. (Gen. Stats., sec. 2650.)

Candy. It is unlawful to manufacture or sell candy adulterated with terra alba, barytes, or other mineral substance, or with colors or flavors or other ingredients injurious to health. Penalty not more than $100. (P. Laws, 1895, ch. 183.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Milk.-It is unlawful to sell milk adulterated with water or any foreign substance, or from which cream or strippings have been withheld. Skimmed milk may be sold if each can or package is marked “Skimmed milk," in letters not less than 1 inch long. The law also prohibits the bringing of sour or tainted milk to a butter or cheese factory, or the sale of milk from a cow affected with tuberculosis or other blood disease. Penalty, $25 to $100. (Gen. Stats., secs. 2658-2664.) Imitation butter.-Any article in semblance of butter, not made wholly from the milk of cows, shall be deemed imitation, and the words “ butter," "dairy," "creamery" shall not be used in describing it. No person shall manufacture or sell a product or compound in imitation of yellow butter. The sale of oleomar

garine is permitted under the following conditions: It must be free from all coloration. The seller must maintain in plain sight over the entrance to his premises a sign, to be furnished by the State dairy commissioner, with a notice in plain letters not less than 4 inches long that imitation butter is sold. Delivery wagons used in handling imitation butter must be so marked. No baker or seller of food shall sell any article containing imitation butter unless he maintains a similar sign. Keepers of hotels, boarding houses, etc., who use imitation butter must post a sign to that effect in sight of all guests. Packages containing imitation butter must be marked on the outside and on the cover, in letters not less than 2 inches long, with the true name. The seller must orally inform each buyer of the character of the article. Every person selling or serving to guests imitation butter must register his name and place of business in a book kept by the dairy commissioner.

Railroad and express companies are required to furnish the dairy commissioner on request with details regarding any consignment of imitation butter.

When tub imitation butter is sold in the form of bricks or balls, each such package must be labeled with its true character.

Boarding-house keepers violating the act are subject to a fine of $25 or imprisonment not over 30 days, or both, for the first offense. Other violators of the law may be fined not more than $100 or imprisoned not more than 60 days, or both, for the first offense. The penalties are doubled for subsequent offenses. (Gen. Stats., secs. 2614-2619, as amended by Laws of 1893, chap. 114, and L. 1895, ch. 32.) Dairy commissioner.-The governor is to appoint a dairy commissioner, who shall hold office for 2 years; he may appoint a deputy. These officers are to enforce the law, and have the right of access to places where they suspect imitation butter to be made or sold; they may take samples for analysis by the State experiment station. (Ibid.)

DELAWARE.

Candy. It is unlawful to manufacture or sell candy adulterated with terraalba, barytes, or other substances, or with colors or flavors or other ingredients injurious to health. Penalty, $50 to $100. (Laws, 1899, ch. 267.)

Imitation butter.-The law prohibits the manufacture or sale of any article in imitation of butter which contains fat or oleaginous substance not made from unadulterated milk or cream. Oleomargarine may be sold in such a manner to advise the consumer of its character, being free from coloration, and marked with its true name by a placard with letters not less than 1 inch long on the exposed surface of every open package. Penalty, $50 to $250 or imprisonment not exceeding 1 year. Any justice of the peace may on complaint issue a warrant to inspect suspected places, and the officer may take samples, leaving one with the person in charge of the place and forwarding the other to the State chemist. The chemist shall analyze the sample and notify the State attorneygeneral as to the result. In case of failure to convict, the costs are paid by the county. (Laws, 1895, chap. 209.)

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Adulteration of food and drugs.-The adulteration of any article of food or of any drug, or the sale of such adulterated article, is prohibited. A drug is deemed adulterated if it differs in strength or purity from the standard fixed by the United States Pharmacopoeia, or by such other pharmacopoeia or standard work as recognizes the article, or if its strength or purity falls below the professed standard under which it is sold. Food is deemed adulterated if any substance has been mixed with it so as to injure its quality or strength; if any inferior substance has been substituted in it; if any valuable constituent has been taken from it; if it is an imitation; if it contains diseased or decomposed animal or vegetable matter; if it is colored or otherwise made to appear better than it really is, or if it contains any added poisonous ingredient or ingredient injurious to health. The law also contains specific definitions as to the standards of milk, cream, butter, coffee, lard, tea, vinegar, spices, wines, fruit juice, malt liquors, glucose, flour, bread, and olive oil.

Foods of an inferior quality may be sold if the order calls for such quality, and it is not deemed adulteration to mix harmless materials with no intent of fraud if the fact of mixture is made known to the purchaser.

The enforcement of the law is under the direction of the health officer of the District of Columbia. The representatives of his office may demand samples of any goods offered for sale upon payment. (Stats. U. S., 1898, chap. 25.)

Milk. Every dairy must secure a permit from the health officer of the District, and he is required to secure proper water supply, drainage, ventilation, and cleanliness, and to see to it that cattle suffering from contagious diseases are isolated. No person who is suffering from dangerous contagious disease, or who has knowingly been exposed to it, shall work in a dairy. All persons selling milk must keep the names of the dairymen furnishing it conspicuously posted.

No adulterated or unwholesome milk shall be sold; nor milk which contains less than 9 per cent of solids, not fat, and 3 per cent of fat; nor cream which contains less than 20 per cent of butter fat. Skimmed milk must contain at least 9.3 per cent of solids, and must be distinctly marked on the container "Skimmed milk."

Penalty for first offense, $5 to $25 or imprisonment not over 30 days, with higher penalties for subsequent offenses. (Stats. U. S., 1895, chap. 164, as amended by Stats., 1898, chap. 25.)

FLORIDA.

Adulteration of food.-It is unlawful to adulterate for sale or offer for sale a food substance adulterated with any article injurious to health. Penalty, imprisonment not over 1 year or fine not over $300.

Unwholesome food. The sale of tainted or unwholesome food or drink, without making its character known to the buyer, is subject to imprisonment not over 6 months and fine not over $200. The sale of veal from any calf killed under the age of 4 weeks is punishable by fine not over $200.

Adulterated drugs.-The adulteration of any drug or medicine or the sale of such adulterated article is subject to fine not exceeding $400 or imprisonment not over 1 year. Registered pharmacists guilty of the offense shall be stricken from the register.

Candy.-It is unlawful to manufacture or sell candy adulterated with terra alba, barytes, or other mineral substance, or with colors or flavors or other ingredients injurious to health. Penalty, $50 to $100. (Laws, 1897, No. 32.)

Adulterated liquors.-It is unlawful to adulterate liquors intended for drink with cocculus indicus, vitriol, or other enumerated drugs, or with any injurious or poisonous substance. Penalty, imprisonment not over 3 years.

Imitation butter.—A person who sells as butter any spurious preparation, or a hotel or boarding-house keeper who offers such a preparation to his guests without giving notice of the fact, is subject to imprisonment not over 30 days or fine not over $100.

(Rev.Stats., secs. 2659–2668).

GEORGIA.

FOODS GENERALLY.

Adulterated food.-It is unlawful to offer for sale an adulterated article of food or drink unless each package has a correct analysis attached, and unless notice of the fact of adulteration is given to each purchaser. Violation of the act is a misdemeanor. The enforcement is charged upon the grand jurors of the counties. (Penal code, sec. 468.)

Unwholesome food. It is a misdemeanor to sell unwholesome provisions of any sort, or adulterated liquor, or the flesh of a diseased animal. (Penal code, secs. 466, 467.)

Adulterated drugs.-It is unlawful to adulterate any drug or medicine. A drug is deemed adulterated which does not correspond to the standard of the United States Pharmacopoeia, or of any other standard work by which it is recognized, or if it falls below its own professed standard. The State board of pharmacy is to enforce the law and has authority to take samples. (Penal code, 1895, secs. 482484.)

Adulteration of wine.-It is unlawful to sell as "domestic wine" wine compounded from chemicals or otherwise, and not produced exclusively from grapes or other fruit grown in the State. (Laws, 1890-1891, p. 130; approved October 16, 1891.)

Candy.-It is a misdemeanor to adulterate candy with terra alba, barytes, talc, or any other mineral substance, or with poisonous colors or flavors or other injurious ingredients. (Laws of 1896, p. 84; approved December 24, 1896.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Imitation butter and cheese.-Any article in the semblance of butter or cheese not produced wholly from pure milk or cream is declared imitation. No person shall mix animal fat or vegetable oil with butter or cheese, or shall color in any

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