Dunmail

ascends the famous Raise, a pass of 700 feet above the level of the sea; on each side, rising 2000 feet above the pass, are, on the right, Seat Sandal, and, on the left, Steel Fell. On the highest part of the pass, a stone fence marks the boundary between Westmoreland and Cumberland. After passing the village of Wythburn, we see the beautiful Thirlmere with its picturesque bridge. After passing a road which branches off to the right for the Vale of St John, we see, on the right, Castle Rock, the enchanted castle of Walter Scott's "Bridal of Triermain." After several miles of uninteresting scenery we reach the brow of Castlerigg, from which a view is had of Keswick, with Derwentwater, and in the distance Bassenthwaite. The view from this point is one of the finest in all the Lake district. KESWICK (Hotels: See "HOTEL APPENDIX"). This is a market town of 3000 inhabitants, on the south bank of the Greta, a little more than a mile from the foot of Skiddaw, and half a mile from Derwentwater. The town itself possesses few objects of interest, the chief one is Flintoft's model of the Lake District in the Town Hall. It is 12 feet 9 inches by 9 feet 3 inches. It gives an excellent idea of the district, and is pronounced the best piece of geographical modelling ever made in England. From the bridge across the Greta in the main street of the town, a view may be had of Greta Hall, on the right, on a slight elevation. Here, from 1803, until his death in 1843, lived the poet Southey. There are several lead pencil factories in the town.

EXCURSIONS FROM KESWICK.

DERWENTWATER (a short walk from the town) is about 3 miles long and 1 mile broad in the broadest part. It is generally considered the most beautiful of the lakes of the district, by many persons it is regarded as the most beautiful in Europe. One of the best views of the lake and surrounding mountains may be had from Friar's Crag, about 300 yards from the boat landings. The tourist is advised to make the tour of the lake by boat, which, with a boatman, costs 2s. per hour. Two miles from Keswick, on the left bank, is Barrow House, and behind it a fine cascade 124 feet_high. One mile beyond is the Lodore Hotel, close behind which is the LODORE FALL, immortalized by Southey in the lines

"How does the water

Come down at Lodore," &c.

Half a mile farther, at a place called High Lodore (to distinguish it from Low Lodore, where the fall is) is the Borrowdale Hotel. Half a mile from Grange, or one from Borrowdale Hotel, is the celebrated BOWDER STONE, an immense block, computed to weigh upwards of 1900 tons, which has evidently rolled from the heights above, and now stands on a platform of ground a short distance to the left of the road. A branch road has been made to the stone, which soon rejoins the Borrowdale Road; its summit may be gained by means of a ladder. At the foot of the lake, 1 mile from Keswick, is the little village of Portinscale, where there are two good hotels, the Derwentwater and the Tower Hotel. One mile and a half from Keswick, on an eminence to the right of

the old road to Penrith, is a small Druidical circle, measuring 100 feet by 108, consisting of 48 stones, some of which are 7 feet high.

The Buttermere Excursion, including Barrow Fall, Lodore, and the Bowder Stone, already noticed, and BUTTERMERE and Crummock Lakes, may be made very easily in one day, the whole distance to Buttermere and back to Keswick being 23 miles. The whole cost by wagonette is 6s. for each person. The village of BUTTERMERE, which lies between Buttermere and Crummock lakes, has two good hotels, The Fish and Victoria; here the carriage remains long enough to enable tourists to visit Scale Force, considered the finest fall in the district. It is 156 feet high. Buttermere Lake is 1 mile long and half a mile broad. Crummock Lake is 3 miles long by threequarters of a mile broad. Both abound in char and trout.

Keswick to Ullswater Lake.Ullswater is most conveniently visited by going to the TROUTBECK STATION on the railway between Penrith and Keswick, 9 miles from Keswick, and thence by coach to the Ullswater Hotel at PATTERDALE. Through Tickets are issued at the railway stations, first class, 4s. 6d. ; second, 3s. 8d. A steamer makes the passage from Patterdale to Pooley Bridge at the foot, and back in about two hours. The lake is 9 miles long, and its greatest breadth is three-quarters of a mile. It has two or three pretty islands, and its scenery is rich and varied.

There are many other excursions favoured by tourists, such as the drive round Bassenthwaite, the ascent of Skiddawand Scawfell Pike, to West Water, and one or two of the more remote lakes, but our space forbids their especial mention.

ROUTE 53.

LONDON TO CAMBRIDGE, ELY, NORWICH, AND YARMOUTH.

146 miles; (express) first class, Re22s. 8d.; second, 17s. 3d. turn tickets, available for two days, first class, 34s.; second, 288. 9d.

EAVING the Liverpool

street Station of the Great Eastern Rail

way, we pass several unimportant stations before Ponder's End (11 miles), near which, on the right, is Waltham Abbey, where Harold, the last of the Saxon kings, was buried, after the battle of Hastings. At a short distance from Waltham, on the left, is Waltham Cross, one of the fifteen beautiful crosses erected by Edward I. in memory of his queen, Eleanor. Not far distant are the Government powder mills. Cheshunt (16 miles) is noted as the place where Richard Cromwell died. The manor was once in the possession of Cardinal Wolsey. From Broxbourne (19 miles) there is a branch of 7 miles to Ware and Hertford. The next place of interest is Audley End (43 miles), near which, on the right, we observe the beautiful mansion of Lord Braybrook. It contains some good pictures, and a large aviary. Near Chesterford (47 miles) an ancient Roman villa and other antiquities have been discovered; also several Roman remains near Shelford (541 miles); soon after passing which we reach

CAMERIDGE (57 miles. Hotels,

Bull, Hoop). The second great university of England, of considerable antiquity, and, like Oxford, assuming the regular form of a university only in the thirteenth century. There are seventeen colleges, each of which furnishes members of the general controlling body of the university, whilst retaining its own special rules, like those of Oxford. There are three terms: Michaelmas or October Term, from October 1 to December 16; Lent, or January Term, from January 13 to Friday before Palm Sunday; and Easter, or Midsummer Term, beginning on the Friday after Easter-day, and ending on Commencementday, the last Tuesday but one in June. The general constitution and government much resemble those of Oxford, as well as the sources of income and remuneration of the professors. Every student must have completed nine terms' residence, during two-thirds of each full term, before he can take his degree. The degrees conferred are those of Bachelor and Master of Arts, Bachelors and Doctors in Divinity, Law, Physic, and Music. The Church of England test is still requisite here, as at Oxford. Honours are ranged under triposes. The three classes of merit in the Mathematical Tripos are Wranglers, Senior, and Junior Optimes; the first man being Senior Wrangler. The Classical Tripos has three classes, the first successful candidate on the list being termed the Senior Classic, and so on. Since 1848 other triposes have been established. The subjects of examination in the Moral Sciences Tripos, in which honours may be taken, are Moral Philosophy, Political Economy, Modern History, General Jurisprudence, and the Laws of England; the sub

jects in the Natural Sciences Tripos include Anatomy, Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Botany, Geology, and Mineralogy. The colleges are, St Peter's, Clare, Pembroke, Caius, Trinity Hall, Corpus Christi, King's, Queen's, Catherine, Jesus, Christ's, St John's, Magdalene, Trinity, Emmanuel, Sidney, Sussex, and Downing; of which St Peter's, founded in 1257, is the most ancient, and Downing College, founded in 1800, the most recent. The most interesting of the colleges are Trinity, King's, Queen's, and Caius. KING'S COLLEGE CHAPEL is the finest of all the buildings at Cambridge. It is 316 feet long and 90 feet high. The interior, with its fine stained glass is very impressive. (Choral service at 4 p.m. every week day, Sundays 3.30 p.m., free to all). At Christ's College, the rooms once occupied by Milton are shown, and a mulberry tree said to have been planted by him. The university returns two members to Parliament. The college fees on matriculation differ at different colleges; but those paid to the university are as follows: for Noblemen, £15, 10s.; Fellow-Commoners (scions of the nobility, or young men of fortune, who are privileged to dine at the Fellows' table), £10, 10s.; Pensioners, £5; Sizars, 15s.; in addition to which, "caution" money, returnable on the name being taken off the boards, is paid on admission to each college, as follows: Noblemen, £50; Fellow-Commoners, £25; Pensioners, £15; Sizars, £10. The public buildings are the Senate House, Library, University Press, the Fitzwilliam Museum, Anatomical Museum, and the Observatory. The old Botanical Garden, established in 1762, having become unfitted for the purposes of the university, a new one has been formed by the side

of the Trumpington Road. The geological collections in the museum are of great value. In the town may be noticed the Church of St Sepulchre, with its round tower, built and named after the church of the same name in Jerusalem. One of the benefactors of the town was Thomas Hobson, the carrier, upon whom Milton wrote two epitaphs, alluding to the circumstances of his death. The rivalry between Oxford and its sister university Cambridge, the result of which has led to an annual struggle between them, in the form of a boat race on the Thames, near London, which has become of national interest, has sometimes been illustrated epigrammatically. In 1715-General Pepper having gone to Oxford with some dragoons, and adopted rather stringent measures towards the students, on account of their suspected Jacobite sympathies, at about the same time that the king is said to have sent a present of books to Cambridgesome wit, in the interest of the last-named university, observed:

The Isle of Ely, on which the town is situated, is a tract of land raised above the level of the surrounding fens which, in ancient times, were covered with water. The chief object of interest is its venerable Cathedral, founded in 1070. It is 510 feet long, being the longest cathedral in England, and taken as a whole the most beautiful. The recently painted roof of the nave representing the most sublime subjects from the Old and New Testaments, from the creation of man to the nativity of Christ, ending with the Lord in Glory, commenced by the late Mr Le Strange and completed by Mr Gambier Parry, is a most elaborate work of pictorial art; indeed the ceiling of Ely Cathedral is a carefully studied epitome of the sacred history of man as recorded in Holy Scripture. The architecture of the nave is Norman, 270 feet in height. Bishop Alcock's perpendicular Chapel. Bishop West's Chapel, the famous Galilee porch. Scot's screen, the Lady Chapel, and the Lantern Tower, should be noticed. The Lady Chapel adjoins the cathedral, and is now the parish

beautiful little Chapel, now used as the chapel of the grammar school, called Prior Craudene's Chapel, entered by a winding stairway.

The Bishop Palace, just west of the cathedral, dates from the time of Henry VII.

NORWICH (126 miles), (Hotel: Royal), the capital of Noron the River folk, situated Wensum. It was a place of importance as far back as the reign of Edward the Confessor. The only buildings that claim our attention are the Castle and the Cathedral. The former is supposed to have existed long before the Conquest, and to have been rebuilt by Roger Bigod in

the reign of William the Conqueror. The keep is now used as a jail. The CATHEDRAL was commenced in 1094, and completed in 1361. It is in the Norman style, and contains some handsome carvings and monu

ROUTE 54.

THE UPPER THAMES.

The cloisters are very beautiful. Opposite the west end of the Cathedral is an ancient gateway called Erpingham's Gate. There are also several fine churches and public buildings which it is unnecessary to specify. Soon after passing Norwich we arrive at

Reedham Junction (138 miles). where there is a branch of 11 miles to Lowestoft, much frequented as a sea-bathing place. Skirting the north side of Breydon Water, a lake of some extent,

we next reach

YARMOUTH (146 miles.) (Hotel: Royal). The old town (Great Yarmouth), is connected by a bridge across the Yare with Little Yarmouth. A considerable trade is carried on here with the Baltic, but the principal business is the salting and exportation of herrings of a very superior quality, called "bloaters." Yarmouth Roads is the name given to the sea off the coast of Yarmouth. The quay is considered one of the finest in England, and affords a good promenade along an avenue shaded on each side by a row of trees.

In the neighbourhood is a handsome column to the memory of Lord Nelson. (Yarmouth, may also be reached by way of Ipswich in 121 miles. Through trains from London by this route in 3 hours 50 minutes).

21 miles by river.)

WING to the absence

of any regular public conveyance upon the Upper Thames, the singular beauties of this river are known to few Englishmen ; to foreigners they are practically unknown. The most beautiful portion of the river is admittedly that between Henley and Windsor. Persons pressed for time might content themselves with what is the very best part of the whole river. that from Great Marlow to Maidenhead, about 8 miles. The whole excursion from London to Henley by the Great Western Railway, by row boat from Henley to Maidenhead, and by railway from Maidenhead to London, could be accomplished in one busy day. Two days, passing the night at one of the charming inns on the river bank (Marlow or Maidenhead), would not only enable the tourist to see the river from Henley to Windsor, but to enjoy its rare beauties without hurry. This excursion cannot be too highly recommended.

The station of the Great Western Railway at Henley is close to the river. Fare from London to Henley, first class, 6s. 4d.; second, 48. 9d.; distance, 35 miles; time, 1 hour and 30 minutes. Boats may always be had close by the bridge at Henley. One rower is enough for a party of four or five persons down the river. There is no fixed tariff, but the demands of the boatmen are generally reasonable. HENLEY is an agree