In St Peter's Church is buried Savage the poet, who died here while imprisoned for debt. There are other old churches, of which we may particularize the Temple Church, the tower of which leans several feet out of the perpendicular.

There are several noble hospitals, and well endowed charitable and educational establishments. Amongst other persons of mark born here, may be mentioned the poet Southey; Hugh Elliot, discoverer of Newfoundland; Sir Thomas Lawrence, the painter; Baily, the sculptor; Captain Kater; Colston, Reynolds, and Hannah More, the philanthropist; the Herapaths; Coleridge, the poet and metaphysician; Conybeare, the geologist; and Prichard, the ethnologist. William Penn embarked here for the New World on his mission of colonization.

Among the principal events in its modern history are the riots of 1831, in which the MansionHouse, Bishop's Palace, three prisons, and upwards of forty private houses were burnt, and many persons killed and wounded. These disturbances arose out of the popular indignation against Sir Charles Wetherell, the Recorder, on account of his opposition to the proposed Reform Bill. CLIFTON, adjoining and now a part of Bristol (Hotel: *CLIFTON DOWN), lies on the north side of the River Avon, and commands charming views of the surrounding country. It enjoys a remarkably mild and balmy atmosphere. It owes much of its importance to its wells, the waters of which are similar to those of Matlock, and are in great repute in all cases of debility and consumption.

The Avon, which winds beneath the town, is spanned by a magnificent suspension-bridge, which

formerly crossed the Thames at Hungerford, near Charing Cross.

Within an hour's journey of Bristol are the pleasant seaside watering-places, Portishead, Clevedon, and Weston-superMare (placed in order of distance), which are much frequented during the bathing season.

Some miles distant, across the channel, situated on the Usk, and easily accessible by steamer, and also by railway, via New Passage and Portskerret, in little more than an hour, is the busy town of NEWPORT (Hotel: King's Head), It has large docks, and exports great quantities of coal and iron, besides doing a considerable import trade in various commodities, and manufacturing iron extensively.

CAERLEON, a small markettown, at a distance from Newport of about 3 miles, is said to have once been the capital of Wales, and became the seat of an archbishopric soon after the introduction of Christianity into Britain. It was a Roman station of importance, known at different times as Isca Silurum, Isca Legionis Secundæ, and Isca Colonia; and, judging from the great number of Roman remains, altars, tesseræ, baths, aqueducts, pavements, coins, &c., must have been of considerable extent. museum has been established, principally for the reception of the antiquities found here. It figures conspicuously in the legends relating to King Arthur, as his metropolis, and the seat of his "ROUND TABLE," which is the name given to the large Roman Amphitheatre, of which the outlines may still be traced, comprising an area of 222 feet by 192 feet. King Arthur is said to be buried here. It was long a celebrated seat of learning and religion. A journey of an hour

A

and a half from Bristol brings us to CARDIFF (Hotel: Cardiff Arms). Situated at the mouth of the small river Taff, it has nothing in its general aspect to attract the tourist's attention but its elegant church tower, and the remains of the old castle, which is still occupied by the Marquis of Bute. Previous to the year 1839 all the trade of this place was carried on by means of the old canal and the small vessels for which it was adapted, with the exception of a few colliers which were laden outside; but since that period, magnificent docks of very large extent, have been constructed by the Marquis of Bute, to whom the whole place belongs, which are thronged by ships of the largest size, of all nations; and by means of the railways, by which the district is intersected, Cardiff has become the greatest loading port in the Bristol Channel. The exports consist principally of railway-iron and coals. The prosperity of Cardiff has been reflected upon many of the neighbouring places, which, from the mere villages which they were within the memory of the present generation, have become flourishing and well-populated towns. In 1801, the population of Cardiff itself was only 1018.

The gardens adjoining the castle are open to the public, by permission of the marquis. In the castle are many portraits of the Bute family, and works by Vandyck, Kneller, and others.

In the county of Glamorgan there are many remains of religious edifices and feudal castles, of which the most remarkable are Mayam and Meath Abbeys, Caerphilly, Neath, Swansea and Oystermouth Castles. Caerphilly is the nearest of those to Cardiff, and in extent and gran

deur, as a ruin, surpasses any other in Wales. Distance from Cardiff about 8 miles. Continuing on from Cardiff by railway, we reach, in 2 hours, the busy city of SWANSEA, a sea-port town, with large copper and iron works. Near Swansea is the bathingplace called the Mumbles, celebrated for its oysters, and around which are some very pretty smaller bays. The most impor

tant copper-works in the kingdom are in this district, ores being brought from Cornwall and all parts of the world to this place for smelting, on account of the abundant supply of fuel. Gower, the personal friend of Chaucer, and one of the earliest writers of English verse, is claimed as a native of Swansea.

About 2 miles from Cardiff, prettily situated on a declivity sloping to the bank of the River Taff, is LLANDAFF, still called a city, as the site of the Cathedral church of the Diocese which bears its name. Its only attraction is the Cathedral, finished in 1200--recently restored.

ROUTE 46.

LONDON TO WORCESTER AND GREAT MALVERN, VIA OXFORD.

Great Western Railway.

Distance from London to Worcester, 120 miles; fares, first class. 21s.; second, 15s.; third, 98. 6d. Distance to Malvern, 128 miles; fares, first, 238. 3d.; second, 16s. 6d. third, 10s. 3d.

HAT part of the route between London and Oxford, is described in Ronte 42, above. Leaving Oxford several small stations are passed before reaching HONEYBOURNE, where a line goes off to the left to Stratfordon-Avon, 9 miles. After passing several unimportant stations we reach WORCESTER, 120 miles. (Hotels: Star, Bell). An old city, now noted for its manufactories of china and gloves. The Royal China Manufactories, may be seen every week day from 10 to dusk. About 8000 persons are employed in this business. It has broad clean streets and several buildings of note. The CATHEDRAL, the oldest parts of which date from the 13th century, is early English. It is in the form of a double cross and is 385 feet long. Its handsome tower, lately restored, is 170 ft. high. It has some fine windows and carvings. The old cloisters, recently restored, are very beautiful. Several of the churches are well worth visiting, as are the Guildhall and Corn Exchange. The old Palace contains some interesting portraits and commands a fine view of the Malvern

and Welsh hills. Eight miles from Worcester is GREAT MALVERN (Hotels: See "HOTEL LIST"). A fashionable watering-place, consisting of Great and Little Malvern, lying on the slope of the Malvern Hills. There are several fashionable water-cure establishments here. The springs are tepid and sulphurated, and are useful in diseases of the skin. There is a fine Gothic church and remains of a priory. The neighbourhood abounds in fine excursions, and the view from Malvern Hills is very fine.

ROUTE 47.

THE RIVER WYE.

FROM HEREFORD TO ROSS, TIN

TERN ABBEY AND CHEPSTOW.

HIS excursion, one of the most delightful in Europe, should be made in the order given, going down the river. HEREFORD, which should be visited for its Cathedral and other interesting objects, is 144 miles from London by the Great Western Railway; time,5 hours; Fares: first, 25s. 6d.; second, 19s. 3d.; (Hotels: Green Dragon, City Arms). It may be conveniently reached also from Birmingham, or any point on the Great Western Railway. It is an ancient city on the left bank of the Wye. Its chief attraction is the CATHEDRAL, begun in 1095, recently restored. It is of Norman and early English architecture. Notice the elaborate porch, the Norman font in the south aisle, the splendid metallic screen separating the choir from

the nave, and the Reredos, which was erected as a memorial to Sir Joseph Bailey. The most imposing part of the edifice is the north transept, with a splendid stained glass window in memory of Archdeacon Freer. The Lady Chapel, Bishop Stanbery's Chantry and the Audley Chantry are excellent examples of their respective styles of architecture. The Crypt is said to be the only one constructed in England after the 11th century. It is 50 feet long and consists of nave and aisles. The College of Vicar's choral, has a spacious hall. The Bishop's Palace is between the Cathedral and the river, and is nearly all formed from an old Norman hall.

The public promenade called Castle Green, with a Nelson column in the centre, affords many pleasing views.

From Hereford to Ross, 18 miles, the railway affords the best conveyance, as it runs for the most part along the river.

The finest scenery is between Ross and Tintern Abbey. Ross (Hotels Royal, (very dear), King's Head). The town stands upon what appears, from the Gloucester side, a gentle slope, but which is, from the Herefordshire side, a rocky precipice overlooking the Wye. The church, occupying the most commanding position in its centre, naturally calls to mind John Kyrle, the "Man of Ross," immortalized by Pope in his "Moral Essays.'

"Who taught the Heaven-directed spire to rise."

The poem goes on to record the various benefits conferred by Kyrle upon the town and neighbourhood: its sanitary condition, and the agreeable promenades in

its vicinity, being due to his bounty.

The spire of the church has been injured by lightning at three different times. In the church is a marble monument to Kyrle, and others to the Rudhalls and Westfailings, families long settled in the neighbourhood. A curious feature is the growth of three elm trees within the church in the north aisle, which are said to have sprung up spontaneously in Kyrle's pew, after the cutting down of some which he had planted in the churchyard.

The view of the bend of the Wye from the terrace of the Royal Hotel is exceedingly beautiful. Just below Ross, the real beauties of the Wye begin. The tourist has the choice of the route by the river, or by the railway. In summer there is a coach from Ross as far as Monmouth (10 miles).

There are row-boats which ply in summer to Goodrich and Chepstow. The tariff is, from Ross to Goodrich, one rower, 6s: to Monmouth, 15s. Larger boats with two men are charged proportionately higher. From Monmouth to Tintern and Chepstow the railway should be taken.

This route has been appropriately described as being "probably unrivalled for that peculiar style of scenic beauty that results from the mixture of rich and well-cultivated grass land with abrupt cliffs, lofty hills, and woods descending to the water's edge." Leaving Ross we soon reach Wilton Castle, an old seat of the Gray family. Up to this point the scenery is tame. Two miles farther on is Pencraig Court, and two miles farther GOODRICH COURT, the picturesque residence of Colonel Meyrick, rendered famous by the

collection of ancient and modern arms, armour, paintings, and antiquities formed here by the late Sir S. R. Meyrick, which visitors are allowed to inspect. A little further down the Wye upon the same bank is Goodrich Castle, an extensive ruin, alternately the residence of the Talbot, Pembroke, and Grey families.

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Passing Kerne Bridge we soon see the spire of Ruardean Church, and passing Ladybrook, Courtfield, the residence of Col. Vaughan, which occupies the site of a house in which the Countess of Salisbury is said to have nursed Henry V. Coldwell Rocks are soon reached, presenting a rare combination of river scenery. (Here the boat is sent round the bend in the river by Whitechurch, a distance of 5 miles around, to be rejoined again by a walk of 600 yards across the neck, after the tourist shall have ascended Symond's Yat (540 feet high) for the sake of the unrivalled view.) The next remarkable bit of scenery is at New Weir, where the river is hemmed in by the precipitous sides of the Great Doward. A short distance farther is the Little Doward, below which is a private park. Hence, to Monmouth, the banks are rugged and covered with wood. Just before reaching Monmouth we pass the little church of Dixton. MONMOUTH (Hotel: Beaufort Arms) is at the junction of Monnow with the Wye. The attractions here are outside the town, the chief being Raglan Castle, 8 miles distant; a hill near Monmouth called Lymin, 700 feet high, affords a magnificent panoramic view.

Monmouth has an ancient gateway, and a small remnant of a castle where Henry V. was born. The encomium passed upon the town by Fluellen in Shakespeare's

play will be familiar to all readers, "There is good men born in Monmouth, look you;" &c. An early Norman structure has been restored as a distinct church; the parish church of St Mary is also ancient. About 1 miles from Monmouth is Troy House, where the cradle and sword of Henry V. are shown. On the opposite side of the Wye, at Stanton, in the Forest of Dean, about 1 mile from Monmouth, is the Buck-stone, a supposed Druidical relic of the rockingstone order.

RAGLAN (Hotel : Beaufort Arms) is a small town 7 miles south-west of Monmouth, which has a station on the same line of railway, the West Midland, from which it is about one mile distant. It is famous for its castle, which the Marquis of Worcester, the celebrated inventor, defended against the Parliamentary forces under Fairfax, after the entire reduction of the rest of Wales, until the imprisonment of Charles I., when he surrendered it, after a siege of ten weeks. The ruins, like those of all the ancestral castles, &c., of the Beaufort family, are carefully preserved from further dilapidation; their extent is considerable, and they still bear traces of the taste and munificence of their latest occupants. Lord Raglan, who commanded in the Crimea, chose his title from this place.

(Passengers by railway from Ross to Monmouth get out at the Mary Hill Station.)

The remainder of the distance to Tintern Abbey and Chepstow should be made by railway. Tintern is reached in a few minutes after leaving. (Hotel at Tintern: Beaufort Arms.) The abbey is, with the single exception of Fountains, the most beautiful ruin in England. It was founded in 1131 by Cistercian monks. The