weekly, presumably largely boys. Beginning with the next rate the groups increase, with one exception, until the rate "$9 or under $10" is reached. Above this rate the groups include ranges of $2, $3, and $5, so that the comparison can be carried no farther. At a rate somewhat less than $10 is found the median wage for males, while females receiving $9 or more weekly comprise but 12.50 per cent of the total number of females employed.

From the tables showing comparative statistics for 1898 and 1899 the following summary is taken. The totals are for identical establishments in 49 industries:

COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES IN 1,010 ESTABLISHMENTS, 1898 AND 1899.

Aside from the growth of business shown by these figures, the fact is worthy of note that 22 establishments which are reported as owned by corporations in 1899 were reported as owned by firms in the previous year.

MOVEMENT OF WAGES AND EMPLOYMENT.-Reports received from 454 establishments were sufficiently complete to enable a comparison as to the number of employees in 1898 and 1899, and also to show the number of employees receiving an increase of wages in 1899. The number of persons employed in these establishments was 57,472 in 1899 as against 46,896 in 1898, a gain of 22.55 per cent. Of the 57,472 employees in 1899, 42,264 received an average increase in wages of 9.8 per cent within the year.

COST OF LIVING.-This is a continuation of the presentation of previous years, and shows the retail prices of 51 items of food and other commodities in the principal markets in all counties of the State in the month of June, 1900. Summary comparisons with 1898 and 1899 are also given.

TRADE UNIONS.-- Under this head are given 10 tables showing membership, rates of wages, hours of labor, and benefit features of 33 labor organizations in the State, together with an extended analysis and general discussion. The membership of these unions was 6,918. Forty-four unions had a total income of $46,369, of which 39 paid $13,604 to the national union. Benefits were paid by 31 unions to the amount of $21,365. Eight (the whole number reporting) cigarmakers' unions, a musicians' union, and 7 of the 12 carpenters' unions report an eight-hour day. The longest day reported is eleven hours by 3 bakers' unions and a retail clerks' protective association. The reports

show increase of wages secured through organization in amounts varying from $0.20 to $2 per day in the different industries.

STEAM RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION.-Tables are presented showing number, working time, and average wages of railroad employees, in the aggregate, and for each of the 7 roads operating in New Jersey.

STREET RAILWAYS.-Reports were secured from but two companies-those which control the systems in and about Newark and Jersey City. The first-named employs 3,065 persons, at an average weekly wage of $11.88. The largest groups of employees are motormen, 1,017, whose average weekly earnings are $12.66; and conductors, 1,053, at an average wage of $12.14 per week. These employees work ten to twelve hours per day for six and seven days per week. The second company pays 1,081 employees an average of $10.05 per week. Its 345 motormen and 352 conductors receive $10.25 and $10 per week, respectively, working ten hours daily, and six and seven days per week.

THE GLASS INDUSTRY AND COMPANY STORES OF SOUTH JERSEY. — This is a sketch presenting former and present industrial conditions, with some account of the different acts of legislation intended to remedy certain abuses. These relate particularly to payment of wages and company stores. The remedy seems to have been found by the parties concerned meeting by representative committees in a conference which agreed to rules as to wage scales and apprentices and abolished compulsory trading at company stores and compulsory occupancy of company houses.

THE JEWISH COLONIES OF SOUTH JERSEY.-There is here given a historical account of the establishment and growth of a number of colonies planted to provide for a class of immigrants who were practically exiles. The oldest colony was planted in 1882, since which time a number of others have been attempted with varying success. Some of them are quite prosperous and are of especial interest as showing the possibility of a class of persons who usually flock into cities to become competitors in an overstocked labor market turning their attention to agriculture and succeeding. Those colonies whose object was entirely speculative have almost uniformly failed.

REPORTS OF STATE BOARDS OF ARBITRATION.

ILLINOIS.

Sixth Annual Report of the State Board of Arbitration. March 1, 1901. J. McCan Davis, Secretary. 59 pp.

This report is for the year ending March 31, 1901. Within this year two cases were submitted to the board and a third was acted upon at the request of one party. In each instance the recommendations of the board were adopted. The report presents the decisions and a synopsis of the evidence in each case; also the evidence of the secretary

of the board before the United States Industrial Commission, and a copy of the arbitration law of the State and of a circular of information prepared by the board relative to its powers and duties.

MASSACHUSETTS.

Sixteenth Annual Report of the State Board of Conciliation and Arbitration, for the year ending December 31, 1901. B. F. Supple, Secretary. 225 pp.

In this report a brief review of the year's work of the board is followed by a detailed account of its proceedings in each of 108 difficulties that came to its notice. An appendix contains the laws of the United States and of various States relating to the subjects of arbitration and conciliation.

Nine cases of arbitration were referred to the board. In one of these the employer went out of business before a conclusion was reached, so that but 8 decisions were rendered. There were 39 conciliationeffected by the board, 26 other cases were found to be in process of mutual settlement, and in 16 cases the struggle was fought to an end, new employees being taken on in place of those who had been dissatisfied. Eighteen disputes were abandoned by the board for various

reasons.

There were joint requests for the services of the board in 37 instances, and by one of the parties in 27. In the remaining 44 cases the board's interposition was voluntary. In 95 cases the difficulty had taken the form of a strike.

Questions relating to wages occasioned 44 per cent of the difficulties; hours and conditions of labor, 39.2 per cent; and sentiment, as sympathy, discharges, etc., 16.8 per cent.

NEW YORK.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the Board of Mediation and Arbitration. January, 1901. Thos. A. Braniff, Secretary. 372 pp.

This report contains an account of the more important labor disputes within the State during the year 1900, and a statement of the proceedings of the board in a number of the principal cases. The arbitration laws of various States are also given.

There were 547 strikes and lockouts in the State during the year, of which 335 were successful or compromised, while 212 failed. Questions relating to wages were responsible for 363 disputes, and unionism for 104, leaving but 80 for all other causes.

It appears that considerably less than one-half of these disputes came before the board. No summary of results appears in the report.

RECENT FOREIGN STATISTICAL PUBLICATIONS.

FRANCE.

Statistique des Grèves et des Recours à la Conciliation et à l'Arbitrage Survenus Pendant l'Année 1900. Direction du Travail, Ministère

du Commerce, de l'Industrie, des Postes et des Télégraphes. xvi, 619 pp.

The present volume is the tenth of a series of annual reports on strikes and conciliation and arbitration issued by the French labor bureau. The information is presented in form similar to that contained in previous reports of the bureau.

STRIKES. During the year there were 902 strikes, involving 222,714 strikers. Eight hundred and ninety-nine strikes involved 10,253 establishments. The strikes resulted in an aggregate loss of 3,760,577 working days, including 1,115,524 days lost by 26,757 employees who were not strikers. The average time lost per striker was 12 days. Of the strikers 180,591 were men, 29,753 were women, and 12,370 were young persons. The year 1900 had the largest number of strikes, strikers, and days lost on account of strikes of any year since the publication of strike data, there being an increase of 162 strikes, 45,888 strikers, and 209,843 days lost over the preceding year. Only 1 lockout is reported, 1 establishment and 55 employees being affected by it. Of the 902 strikes reported in 1900, 552 were participated in by members of labor organizations, and in 253 strikes the employers were organized. Twenty-three workingmen's unions and 1 employers' association were organized while strikes were in progress or immediately afterwards. In 42 strikes regular aid was given by labor organizations for the relief of strikers.

Of the 902 strikes reported, 631 involved but 1 establishment each, 91 involved from 2 to 5 establishments, 53 from 6 to 10 establishments, 73 from 11 to 25 establishments, 31 from 26 to 50 establishments, 15from 51 to 100 establishments. Of the 8 remaining strikes, 7 involved from 110 to 812 establishments, and 1 involved 2,500 establishments.

As regards the results of the disputes in 1900, 205 strikes, involving 24,216 strikers, were successful; 360 strikes, involving 140,358 strikers, were partly successful, and 337 strikes, involving 58,140 strikers, failed.

The two tables following show the number of strikes, strikers, and establishments involved, according to the results of strikes, also the number of working days lost, and the proportion that the number of strikers is to the total number of working people in each of 17 groups of industries:

a Not including establishments in 1 strike not reported.
b Not including establishments in 3 strikes not reported.

STRIKERS AND DAYS OF WORK LOST BY ALL EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF WORK BY
STRIKES IN 1900, BY INDUSTRIES.

e Included in woodworking.

d Figures relate to all industrial working people in France.

Of the different industries, the textiles furnished 236 strikes and 49,418 strikers; the building trades, 130 strikes and 13,540 strikers; transportation and handling, 128 strikes and 47,125 strikers; metals and metallic goods, 109 strikes and 18,394 strikers; mining, 41 strikes and 41,927 strikers; making 644 strikes and 170,404 strikers for these five groups of industries, or nearly three-fourths of the total number of strikes and more than three-fourths of the total number of strikers. Considering the number of persons actually engaged in the various