Captured pro

on the following proofs of ownership; viz. The proof on both sides perty, if not de- with respect to merchant ships, whether armed or unarmed, shall be a finitively condemned, to be passport in the form following: restored.

spect to cargo.

"To all who shall see these presents,

GREETING:

"It is hereby made known that leave and permission has been given master and commander of the ship called

burthen

tons, or thereand after that his

to
of the town of
abouts, lying at present in the port and haven of
bound for
and laden with
ship has been visited, and before sailing, he shall make oath before the
officers who have the jurisdiction of maritime affairs, that the said ship
belongs to one or more of the subjects of

the

act whereof shall be put at the end of these presents, as likewise that he will keep, and cause to be kept by his crew on board, the marine ordinances and regulations, and enter in the proper office a list, signed and witnessed, containing the names and surnames, the places of birth and abode of the crew of his ship, and of all who shall embark on board her; whom he shall not take on board without the knowledge and permission of the officers of the marine, and in every port or haven where he shall enter with his ship, he shall shew this present leave to the officers and judges of the marine, and shall give a faithful account to them of what passed and was done during his voyage; and he shall carry the colours, arms and ensigns of the [French republic or the United States] during his voyage. In witness whereof we have signed these presents, and put the seal of our arms thereunto, and caused the same to be countersigned by the

day of

at
anno Domini.”

And this passport will be sufficient without any other paper, any ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding: which passport shall not be deemed requisite to have been renewed or recalled, whatever number of voyages the said ship may have made, unless she shall have returned Proof with re- home within the space of a year.-Proof with respect to the cargo shall be certificates, containing the several particulars of the cargo, the place whence the ship sailed and whither she is bound, so that the forbidden and contraband goods may be distinguished by the certificates; which certificates shall have been made out by the officers of the place whence the ship set sail, in the accustomed form of the country. And if such passport or certificates, or both, shall have been destroyed by accident or taken away by force, their deficiency may be supplied by such other proofs of ownership, as are admissible by the general usage of nations. Proof with respect to other than merchant ships shall be the commission they bear.

This article to take effect from the signature of this convention.

Debts due by individuals of either nation may be paid, &c.

Commerce between the par

ties to be free.

This article shall take effect from the date of the signature of the present convention. And if, from the date of the said signature, any property shall be condemned contrary to the intent of the said convention, before the knowledge of this stipulation shall be obtained, the property so condemned shall without delay be restored or paid for.

ART. V. The debts contracted by one of the two nations with individuals of the other, or by the individuals of one with the individuals of the other, shall be paid, or the payment may be prosecuted in the same manner as if there had been no misunderstanding between the two states. But this clause shall not extend to indemnities claimed on account of captures or confiscations.

ART. VI. Commerce between the parties shall be free. The vessels of the two nations and their privateers, as well as their prizes, shall be treated in their respective ports as those of the nation the most favoured; and, in general, the two parties shall enjoy in the ports of each other,

seront rendues mutuellement sur les preuves suivantes de propriété; Savoir:

De part et d'autre, les preuves de propriété relativement aux navires marchands, armés ou non armés, seront un passeport de la form suivante : "A tous ceux qui les preséntes verront, soit notoire que faculté et permission a été accordée à maitre ou commandant du navire, appellé de la capacité tonneaux ou environ, se trouvant présentement dans

de

de la ville de

et destiné pour

le port et hâvre de chargé de qu'après que son navire a été visité et avant son départ, il prêtera serment entre les mains des officiers autorisés à cet effet; que le dit navire appartient à un ou plusieurs sujets de dont l'acte sera mis à la fin des présentes; de même qu'il gardera et fera garder par son équipage, les ordonnances et règlemens maritimes, et remettra une liste signée et confirmée par témoins, contenant les noms et surnoms, les lieux de naissance, et la Demeure des Personnes composant l'équipage de son navire, et de tous ceux qui s'y embarqueront, lesquels il ne recevra pas à bord sans la connaissance et permission des officiers autorisés à ce; et dans chaque port ou hâvre où il entrera avec son navire, il montrera la présente permission aux officiers à ce autorisés, et leur fera un rapport fidèle de ce qui s'est passé durant son voyage; et il portera les couleurs, armes et enseignes (de la République Française ou des Etats Unis) durant son dit voyage. En témoin de quoi nous avons signé les présentes, les avons fait contresigner par et y avons fait apposer le sceau de nos armes.

Et ce passeport suffira sans autre pièce, non obstant tout réglement contraire. Il ne sera pas exigé que ce passeport ait été renouvellé ou révoqué, quelque nombre de voyages que le dit navire ait pu faire, à moins qu'il ne soit revenu chez lui dans l'espace d'une année.

Par rapport à la cargaison, les preuves seront des certificates contenant le détail de la cargaison, du lieu d'où le Bâtiment est parti et de celui où il va, de manière que les marchandises défendues et de contrebande puissent être distinguées par les certificats, lesquels certificats auront été faits par les officiers de l'endroit d'ou le navire sera parti, dans la forme usitée dans le pays, et si ces passeports ou certificats, ou les uns et les autres ont été détruits par accident, ou enlevés de force, leur Défaut pourra être supplée par toutes les autres preuves de propriété admissibles d'apprès l'usage géneral des Nations.

Pour les Bâtimens autres que les navires marchands, les preuves seront la Commission dont il sont porteurs. Cet article aura son effet à dater de la signature de la présente convention; et si à dater de la dite signature, des propriétés sont condamnées contrairement à l'esprit de la dite convention, avant qu'on ait connaissance de cette stipulation la propriété ainsi condamnée sera, sans délai, rendue ou payée.

ART. V. Les Dettes contractées par l'une des deux nations envers les particuliers de l'autre, ou par des particuliers de l'une envers des particuliers de l'autre, seront acquittées ou le payement en sera poursuivi comme s'il n'y avait eu aucune mésintelligence entre les deux Etats; mais cette clause ne s'étendra point aux indemnités réclamées pour des captures ou pour des condamnations.

ART. VI. Le commerce entre les deux Parties sera libre: les vaisseaux des deux nations et leurs corsaires, ainsi que leurs prises, seront traités dans les ports respectifs comme ceux de la nation la plus favorisée, et, en general, les deux parties jouiront dans les ports l'une de l'autre, par Q

Citizens of Bither country

to be at liberty property, and to have the right to take, to give,

to devise their

or devise without naturalization.

In case of war between the

two nations, six

months to be allowed to re

in regard to commerce and navigation, the privileges of the most favoured nation.

ART. VII. The citizens and inhabitants of the United States shall be at liberty to dispose by testament, donation, or otherwise, of their goods, moveable and immoveable, holden in the territory of the French Republic in Europe, and the citizens of the French Republic shall have the same liberty with regard to goods, moveable and immoveable, holden in the territory of the United States, in favor of such persons as they shall think proper. The citizens and inhabitants of either of the two countries, who shall be heirs of goods, moveable or immoveable, in the other, shall be able to succeed ab intestato, without being obliged to obtain letters of naturalization, and without having the effect of this provision contested or impeded, under any pretext whatever; and the said heirs, whether such by particular title, or ab intestato, shall be exempt from any duty whatever in both countries. It is agreed that this article shall in no manner derogate from the laws which either state may now have in force, or hereafter may enact, to prevent emigration; and also that in case the laws of either of the two states should restrain strangers from the exercise of the rights of property with respect to real estate, such real estate may be sold, or otherwise disposed of, to citizens or inhabitants of the country where it may be, and the other nation shall be at liberty to enact similar laws.

ART. VIII. To favor commerce on both sides, it is agreed, that, in case a war should break out between the two nations, which God forbid, the term of six months after the declaration of war shall be allowed to the merchants and other citizens and inhabitants respectively, on one move property. side and the other, during which time they shall be at liberty to withdraw themselves, with their effects and moveables, which they shall be at liberty to carry, send away, or sell, as they please, without the least obstruction; nor shall their effects, much less their persons be seized, during such term of six months; on the contrary, passports, which shall be valid for a time necessary for their return, shall be given to them for their vessels and the effects which they shall be willing to send away or carry with them; and such passports shall be a safe conduct against all insults and prizes which privateers may attempt against their persons and effects. And if any thing be taken from them, or any injury done to them or their effects, by one of the parties, their citizens or inhabitants, within the term above prescribed, full satisfaction shall be made to them on that account.

No debts to

or confiscated

ART. IX. Neither the debts due from individuals of the one nation be sequestered to individuals of the other, nor shares, nor monies, which they may have in public funds, or in the public or private banks, shall ever, in any event of war or of national difference, be sequestered or confiscated.

in case of war.

Commercial agents may be appointed.

Agents to act

after being fur nished with exequatur.

ART. X. It shall be free for the two contracting parties to appoint commercial agents for the protection of trade, to reside in France and the United States. Either party may except such place, as may be thought proper, from the residence of those agents. Before any agent shall exercise his functions, he shall be accepted in the usual forms by the party to whom he is sent; and when he shall have been accepted and furnished with his exequatur, he shall enjoy the rights and prerogatives of the similar agents of the most favoured nations.

ART. XI. The citizens of the French Republic shall pay in the ports, havens, roads, countries, islands, cities and towns of the United States, no other, or greater duties or imposts, of what nature soever

rapport au commerce et à la navigation, des privilèges de la nation la plus favorisée.

ART. VII. Les Citoyens et Habitans des Etats-Unis pourront disposer par testament, donation ou autrement, de leurs biens, meubles et immeubles possédés dans le territoire Européen de la République Française; et les citoyens de la République Française auront la même faculté à l'égard des biens, meubles et immeubles possédés dans le Territoire des Etats-Unis, en faveur de telle personne que bon leur semblera. Les citoyens et habitans d'un des deux Etats, qui seront héritiers des Biens, meubles ou immeubles situés dans l'autre, pourront succéder ab intestat, sans qu'ils ayent besoin de lettres de naturalité et sans que l'effet de cette stipulation, leur puisse être contesté ou empêché, sous quelque prétexte que ce soit; et seront les dits héritiers, soit à titre particulier, soit ab intestat, exempts de tout droit quelconque chex les deux nations. Il est convenu que cet article ne dérogera en aucune manière aux lois qui sont à présent en vigeur chez les deux nations ou qui pourraient être promulguées à la suite contre l'emigration, et aussi que dans le cas où les lois de l'un des deux Etats limiteraient pour les étrangers l'exercise des droits de la propriété sur les immeubles on pourrait vendre ces immeubles ou en disposer autrement en faveur d'habitans ou de citoyens du pays où ils seraient sitúes, et il sera libre à l'autre nation d'etablir de semblables lois.

ART. VIII. Pour favoriser de part et d'autre le commerce, il est convenu que si, ce qu'à Dieu ne plaise, le guerre éclatait entre les deux nations, on allouera, de part et d'autre, aux marchands et autres citoyens ou habitans respectifs, six mois après la déclaration de guerre, pendant lequel tems il sauront la faculté de se retirer avec leurs effets et meubles qu'ils pourront emmener envoyer ou vendre, comme ils les voudront, sans le moindre empêchment. Leurs effets, et encore moins leurs personnes, ne pourront point, pendent ce tems de six mois, être saisis; au contraire, on leur donnera des passeports qui seront valables pour le tems nécessaire à leur retour chez eux; et ces passeports seront donnés pour eux, ainsi que pour leur bâtimens et effets qui'ls désireront emmener ou envoyer. Ces passeports serviront de sauf-conduit contre toute insulte et contre toute capture de la part des corsaires, tant contre eux que contre leur effets; et si, dans le terme ci-dessus désigné, il leur était fait par l'une des parties, ces citoyens ou ses habitans, quelque tort dans leur personnes ou dans leurs effets, on leur en donnera satisfaction complete.

ART. IX. Les dettes dues par des individus de l'une des deux nations aux individus de l'autre, ne pourront, dans aucun cas de guerre, ou de démêlés nationaux, être séquestrées ou confisquées non plus que les actions ou fonds qui se trouveraient dans les fonds publics, au dans des banques publiques ou particulières.

ART. X. Les deux parties contractantes pourront nommer, pour protéger le negoce, des agens commerciaux qui résideront en France et dans les Etats-Unis; chacune des parties pourra excepter telle place qu'elle jugera à propos, des lieux où la résidence de ces agens pourra être fixée. Avant qu'aucun agent puisse exercer ses fonctions, il devra être accepté, dans les formes resçues, par la partie chez laquelle il est envoyé; et quand il aura été accepté et pourvu de son Exequatur, il jouira des droits et prérogatives dont jouiront les Agens semblables des nations le plus favorisées.

ART. XI. Les citoyens de la République Française ne payeront dans les ports, hâvres, rades, contrées, isles, cités et lieux des Etats-Unis, d'autres ni de plus grands droits, impots de quelque nature qu'ils puis

Duties to be paid no more than the duties paid by the most favoured nation.

Citizens of France and of

the U. S. to be

at liberty to trade from ene

mies' to other ports of either country unless blockaded.

Notice of

blockade to be given before capture of vessels; and vessels to be permitted to go to

other ports.

Contraband.

Vessels laden

with contraband
goods, the
residue of the

cargo, not to be
infected by the
prohibited
goods.

Free ships make free

goods; not con. traband, although belong. ing to an ene

my.

Persons not military to be protected in free ships.

they may be, or by what name soever called, than those which the nation most favored are, or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, liberties, privileges, immunities and exemptions in trade, navigation and commerce, whether in passing from one port in the said states to another, or in going to and from the same from and to any part of the world, which the said nations do or shall enjoy. And the citizens of the United States shall reciprocally enjoy in the territories of the French Republic in Europe, the same privileges and immunities, as well for their property and persons, as for what concerns trade, navigation and commerce.

ART. XII. It shall be lawful for the citizens of either country to sail with their ships and merchandize (contraband goods always excepted) from any port whatever to any port of the enemy of the other, and to sail and trade with their ships and merchandise, with perfect security and liberty, from the countries, ports and places of those who are enemies of both, or of either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, and to pass not only directly from the places and ports of the enemy aforementioned, to neutral ports and places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy, to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of the same power, or under the several; unless such ports or places shall be actually blockaded, besieged or invested.

And whereas it frequently happens, that vessels sail for a port or place belonging to an enemy, without knowing that the same is either besieged, blockaded or invested, it is agreed that every vessel, so circumstanced, may be turned away from such port or place, but she shall not be detained, nor any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, unless, after notice of such blockade or investment, she shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. Nor shall any vessel of either, that may have entered into such port or place before the same was actually besieged, blockaded, or invested by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo, nor if found therein after the reduction and surrender of such place, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof.

ART. XIII. In order to regulate what shall be deemed contraband of war, there shall be comprised under that denomination, gun-powder, saltpetre, petards, match, ball, bombs, grenades, carcasses, pikes, halberts, swords, belts, pistols, holsters, cavalry saddles and furniture, cannon, mortars, their carriages and beds, and generally all kinds of arms, ammunition of war, and instruments fit for the use of troops; all the above articles, whenever they are destined to the port of an enemy, are hereby declared to be contraband, and just objects of confiscation; but the vessel in which they are laden, and the residue of the cargo, shall be considered free, and not in any manner infected by the prohibited goods, whether belonging to the same, or a different owner.

ART. XIV. It is hereby stipulated that free ships shall give a freedom to goods, and that every thing shall be deemed to be free and exempt which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading, or any part thereof, should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being always excepted. It is also agreed, in like manner, that the same liberty be extended to persons who are on board a free ship, with this effect, that although they be enemies to either party, they are to be