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Disbrow's Digest of the Code is a synopsis of the chapter of the code relating to general practice in a concise and readable form, Price, $1.50. Brice's Bar Examination Questions with answers, rules regulating law examinations and admission of attorneys. Price, $2.00. In one volume we have the Domestic Relations Laws, Real and Personal Property Law and Wills Law. Price, 50 cents. Copies of these books can be had from A. G. SEILER & Co., Amsterdam Avenue cor. 120th Street. (Teachers' College Dormitory.)

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it treats exhaustively scores of topics not touched upon in any text-books. Upon the subjects treated of in text-books it cites and considers from two to ten times as many cases.

It gives the judicial definition of every word and phrase passed upon by the courts a feature invaluable in construing contracts, wills, and statutes. The alphabetical arrangement of topics and full cross-references make it as easy to find the point desired as to look up a word in a dictionary.

It is all meat—the law as declared by the courts; no padding or theorizing. It is a standard authority—this and the first edition having been cited by supreme and appellate courts in their opinions NEARLY TWENTY THOUSAND TIMES.

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Columbia University in the City of New York.

Columbia University includes both a college and a university in the strict sense of the words. The college is Columbia College, founded in 1754 as King's College. The university consists of the Faculties of Law, Medicine, Philosophy, Political Science, Pure Science, and Applied Science.

The point of contact between the college and the university is the senior year of the college, during which year students in the college pursue their studies, with the consent of the college faculty, under one or more of the faculties of the university.

Barnard College, a college for women, is financially a separate corporation; but, educationally, is a part of the system of Columbia University.

Teachers' College, a professional school for teachers, is also, financially, a separate corporation; and also, educationally, a part of the system of Columbia University. Each college and school is under the charge of its own faculty, except that the Schools of Mines, Chemistry, Engineering and Architecture are all under the charge of the Faculty of Applied Science.

For the care and advancement of the general interests of the university educational system, as a whole, a Council has been established, which is representative of all the corporations concerned.

I. THE COLLEGES.

Columbia College offers for men a course of four years, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Art. Candidates for admission to the college must be at least fifteen years of age, and pass an examination on prescribed subjects, the particulars concerning which may be found in the annual Circular of Information,

Barnard College, founded in 1889, offers for women a course of four years, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Candidates for admission to the college must be at least fifteen years of age, and pass an examination on prescribed subjects, the particulars concerning which may be found in the annual Circular of Information.

II. THE UNIVERSITY.

In a technical sense, the Faculties of Law Medicine, Philosophy, Political Science, Pure Science, and Applied Science, taken together constitute the university. These faculties offer advanced courses of study and investigation, respectively, in (a) private or municipal law, (b) medicine, (c) philosophy, philology, and letters, (d) history, economics, and public law, (e) mathematics and natural science, and (ƒ)applied science. Courses of study under all of these faculties are open to members of the senior class in Columbia College. Certain courses under the non-professional faculties are open to women who have taken the first degree. These courses lead, through the Bachelor's degree, to the university degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy. The degree of Master of Laws is also conferred for advanced work in law done under the Faculties of Law and Political Science together.

III. THE PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS.

The Faculties of Law, Medicine, and Applied Science, conduct respectively the professional schools of Law, Medicine, and Mines, Chemistry; Engineering, and Architecture, to which students are admitted as candidates for professional degrees on terms prescribed by the faculties concerned. The faculty of Teachers' College conducts professional courses for teachers, that lead to a diploma of the university.

1. The SCHOOL OF LAW, established in 1858, offers a course of three years, in the principles and practice of private and public law, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws.

2. The COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, founded in 1807, offers a course of four years, in the principles and practice of medicine and surgery, leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine,

3. The SCHOOL OF MINES, founded in 1863, offers courses of study, each of four years, leading to a professional degree, in mining engineering and in metallurgy.

4. The SCHOOLS OF CHEMISTRY, ENGINEERING, AND ARCHITECTURE, set off from the School of Mines in 1896, offer respectively, courses of study, each of four years, leading to an appropriate professional degree, in analytical and applied chemistry; in civil, sanitary, electrical, and mechanical engineering; and in architecture.

5. TEACHERS COLLEGE, founded in 1888 and chartered in 1889, was included in the university in 1898. It offers the following course of study: (a) graduate courses leading to the Master's and Doctor's diplomas in the several departments of the College; (b) professional courses, each of two years, leading to the Bachelor's diploma for Secondary Teaching, Elementary Teaching, Kindergarten. Domestic Art, Domestic Science, Fine Arts, Music, and Manual Training; (c) a collegiate course of two years, which, if followed by a two years professional course, leads to the degree of Bachelor of Science. Certain of its courses may be taken without extra charge, by students of the University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Philosophy. "The price of the University catalogue is twenty-five cents postpaid. Detailed information regarding the work in any department will be furnished without charge upon application to the

SECRETARY OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY,
New York.

COLUMBIA

LAW REVIEW.

VOL. III

APRIL, 1903

No. 4

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE STATE CORPORATIONS IN FEDERAL AND INTER

STATE RELATIONS.

THE NORTHERN SECURITIES CASES.

PART II.

THE WASHINGTON SUIT.

32. The State of Washington has filed a bill in the Supreme Court of the United States against the Northern Securities Company and the Great Northern, and Northern Pacific Railways, charging them with conspiracy and the making of an illegal agreement. The bill recites :

"That the purpose of said agreement and unlawful conspiracy and of the parties thereto, was the creation of a trust, or the formation of a combination by which a monopoly of railway traffic in the State of Washington and elsewhere, would be perfected; that the said Northern Securities Company was organized for and is to be used as a medium through and by which this unlawful agreement, conspiracy, purpose and object can, and, if not enjoined, will be accomplished; that this agreement and conspiracy, and the consummation thereof, is in restraint of trade, tends to create a monopoly in railway traffic in the State of Washington and elsewhere, is against public policy and void."

States of the Union as Suitors.

33. The complainant is a State of the Union. It appears before a court which is "foreign" in the sense of

being the tribunal of another government. Our States have attributes of sovereignty sufficiently marked to bring their suits into a relation with those instituted in foreign courts by independent sovereigns and, while the body of case law on this subject is not large, it is substantial enough to yield some principles of interest.

A court whose aid is invoked by a foreign sovereign will not decline to entertain the suit merely because of the status of the plaintiff1, though questions have arisen in respect of the precise name in which suit should be brought.2

The proper subjects of suit by sovereigns are rights of a private, though not necessarily of a personal nature.3

To vindicate political rights a foreign sovereign should address the executive, not the judicial department. This distinction is well recognized in general jurisprudence, though it is not always drawn with precision.*

The distinction is of great importance in our Federal jurisprudence. True, the Supreme Court in adjudicating State boundary controversies takes cognizance of disputes which between nations would be termed " political," but this is exceptional, and I have pointed out that in creating “a more perfect union" our States necessarily surrendered whatever national rights of war and reprisal they possessed, without gaining commensurate Federal rights of litigation."

34. When a government prosecutes a person in its own courts it appears as a sovereign seeking in its own tribunals the vindication of some right conferred by its own laws. But it is in a different position when it comes into the court of another sovereign. In the first place it must be recog

1 The Sapphire (1870) 11 Wall. 164; King of Prussia v. Küpper (1856), 22 Mo., 550.

2 See Colombian Government v. Rothschild (1826) 1 Simons 94; Republic of Mexico v. De Arangoiz (1856) 5 Duer 634; Yzquierdo v. Clydebank Co. [1902] A. C., 319.

3 The Anglo-Indian Code of Civil Procedure of 1882, S. 431, well expresses the principle. A foreign State may come into court provided " (b) the object of the suit is to enforce the private rights of the head, or the subjects of the foreign State."

See Emperor of Austria v. Day and Kossuth (1861), 2 Giff., 628, 3 D. F. & J., 217.

5 See Notes on Suits between States, COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW, May and June, 1902, S. 19.

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