$12,000; expenditures, same period, $15,000. Assessed value of property, $1,072,928.

Attorneys.-Quincy: Robert J. Barnett, Thomas Cox, P. O. Handly, Thos. E. Hayden, E. T. Hogan, Woodbury D. Sawyer.

Physicians.-Elizabethtown: Lafayette Cate; Quincy: John S. Vaughn; Smith's Bar: S. P. Bolby.

XXIII.-SACRAMENTO CITY AND COUNTY.*

COUNTY SEAT-SACRAMENTO.

Sacramento County, organized 1850. Boundaries: North by Placer, east by El Dorado, south by Amador and west by Sacramento River.

Topography.-"It is a demonstrated fact, that nearly all the land in Sacramento County is well adapted to agriculture-some portions to tillage and others to grazing, each being conveniently distributed throughout the county. Those portions best adapted to tillage are located in the valleys of the rivers and creeks, and are mostly claimed and occupied by settlers. The prairies and highlands are more peculiarly adapted to grazing, though some portions are successfully tilled; they afford much pasture, rendering it a favorite resort for herdsmen from other counties in feeding their stock preparatory to marketing.

*City and County consolidated, May, 1858.

+ Ex officio Mayor and Superintendent of Water Works.
Ex officio City and County Auditor, salary, $3,000.

The eastern portion of the county (varying in extent from two to six miles,) contains many rich deposits of gold, which, on account of its relative location and other peculiar facilities, are being rapidly developed. This county is sparsely timbered, though sufficient for all ordinary purposes, except building. The timber is principally oak, and is located in the vicinity of streams and on the foot hills on its eastern border."

There is a large amount of swamp and overflowed lands situated on the banks of the Sacramento River, which is covered by an extensive growth of oak, heavy sycamore and cottonwood. Area of the county, nearly six hundred thousand acres; under cultivation, fifty-five thousand one hundred and twenty-eight acres.

Legal Distances.-From Stockton, forty-five miles, and from San Quentin, one hundred and thirty miles.

Sixth Judicial District. - Hon. J. H. McKune, Judge District Court; sessions, first Monday in February, April, June, August, October and December.

County Courts.-The terms of the County Court: First Monday in March, June, September and December. Court of Sessions: First Monday in JanProbate Court: Fourth Monday of each

uary, April, July and October. month.

Ninth Senatorial District.-Senators: Hon. J. Price; term expires January, 1860, and Hon. J. M. McDonald; term expires January, 1861.

Members of Assembly.-Hons. R. B. Ellis, J. E. Sheridan, A. R. Jackson and Charles Duncombe.

Agricultural Resources." The land in this county is generally adapted to agricultural purposes, especially that portion lying adjacent to the water courses, over which none in the State can claim superiority." Products: Wheat, 9,628 acres, 171,340 bushels; barley, 21,430 acres, 516,782 bushels; oats, 1,680 acres, 41,420 bushels; rye, 3 acres; corn, 197 acres, 6,600 bushels; hay, 10,391 acres, 12,020 tuns; peas, 40 acres, 1,600 bushels; potatoes, 831 acres, 191,300 bushels; potatoes, sweet, 37,200 bushels; onions, 200 acres, 33,186 bushels; broom corn, 80 acres; wool, 33,370 pounds; butter, 281,600 pounds; cheese, 90,000 pounds; eggs, 120,826 dozen. No attention has been paid during last year to the cultivation of hemp, tobacco and cotton, though from experiments of former seasons there is scarcely a doubt but what each would thrive well.

Cultivation of Fruit.-The soil and climate are admirably adapted to the culture of every description of fruit. Considerable attention is being paid to the subject, and during the past year the number of trees has increased over fifty per cent. Fruit trees: Apple, 132,514; peach, 213,658; pear, 42,836; plum, 27,580; cherry, 30,072; nectarine, 16,912; quince, 28,200; apricot, 16,550; fig. 5,946; lemon, 259; orange, 282; olive, 3,187; prune, 4,560; pecan, 198; almond, 2,500; walnut, 4,655; filbert, 6; gooseberry, 4,040; raspberry, 12,920; strawberry, 304,345; grape, 327,900. Wine manufactured, 170 gallons; total value of fruit raised, $121,000.

Live Stock.*-The grazing lands cover a large area, and afford superior facilities for the raising of stock. In the months of June and July, when there is a scarcity of grass in the southern counties, large bands of cattle are driven into this county. Number of horses, (American,) 4,836, (Spanish,) 7,513-total, 12,349; mules, 1,718; asses, 6; stock cattle, 17,649; cows, 9,513; calves, 6,217; oxen, 2,138; beef cattle, 2,445-total number of cattle, 37,962; sheep, 23,056; goats, 998; swine, 8,099; poultry, 52 931.

Manufactures.-Grist mills, 8-steam, 7; water, 1; aggregate run of stone, 24; capacity, 1,000 barrels per day; cost of construction, $125,000; assessed value, $47,000; saw mills, 2-steam; lumber sawed per annum, 2,000,000 feet; machine shops, 3; foundries, 3; broom factory, 1; glue factory, 1; soap and candle factories, 2; wagon factories, 38; potteries, 2; breweries, 6; soda factories, 3; brick kilns, 9.

Toll-Bridges and Ferries.-Number of licensed bridges, 10; ferries, 11; capital invested, $97,000. The principal bridges are: The Sacramento and Yolo Bridge, the longest in the State; length, 800 feet; width, 28 feet; hight, 35 feet; cost, $60,000. Wire Suspension Bridge, Mormon Island; over South Fork of American River; length, 180 feet; cost, $12,500. American Bridge; over American River, built in 1851; length, 620 feet; double track; elevation above low water mark, 27 feet; cost, $32,000; owners, Harris & Pearis. Wire Suspension Bridge, "Daylor's Ranch;" over Cosumnes River; length, 200 feet; cost, $15,000; owner, R. D. Wilson. Folsom and Russville Bridge, American River; termination of the Sacramento Valley Railroad, rebuilt in 1857; length, 210 feet; elevation above low water mark, 44 feet; cost, $20,000; owners, Kinsey & Thompson.

Fisheries.-The fisheries of the Sacramento afford employment for five months of the year to about three hundred persons. Amount of capital, $50,000.+

Sacramento Valley Rail Road.‡-This road extends from Sacramento to Folsom, a distance of 22 miles; cost of construction, $1,200,000.

Gas Works.-Established 1855; cost of construction, $250,000; gas manufactured per annum, 7,183,000 feet; length of pipe laid, four miles.

City Water Works.-Established 1855; main pipe laid, 1858, 36,778 feet; cost of works, $300,000. These works have been in successful operation for nearly four years. They are of a capacity amply sufficient to furnish an abundant supply of water for years to come.

Mineral Resources.-From the junction of the east line of the county with the South Fork of the American River, southerly to a point four or five miles south of Michigan Bar, with a width varying from four to eight miles, are situated the mineral lands. Though not so rich as the northern placers, they yield steadily and afford employment to an average of one thousand miners; the yield of the county is estimated at $2,000,000 annually. Quartz mills: There is but 1 quartz mill, propelled by steam, with 5 stamps; cost of erec

* The Assessor's returns of stock, 1858, received since the table on p. 246 was printed. + For a description of these fisheries, see p. 286.

For a description of this road, see p. 160.

tion, $9,500. There are several arastras employed with profit to their

owners.

Canals and Ditches.-Number of ditches, 11; aggregate length, 163 miles; length of branches, 177 miles; cost of erection, $800,000. These artificial water courses afford an abundant supply of water to the mineral region for ten months of the year.

Granite. The extensive quarries situated near Folsom are now being worked extensively, and afford employment to a large number of persons. Finances, June 1, 1858.-Bonds, 1853, seven per cent., $855,00; bonds, 1854, ten per cent., $90,691 14; bonds, 1855, ten per cent., $177,709 88; bonds, 1857, ten per cent. $45,225 07; warrants outstanding, $257,609 97; interest due, $34,175 77—total, $606,266 83; cash in treasury, $4,232 20; actual debt, $602,034 63; valuation of property, $12,085,545 71.

Attorneys.-Folsom: G. M. Cole, C. G. W. French, P. J. Hopper, F. S. Mumford; Sacramento City: J. L. Algeo, B. F. Ankeny, H. O. Beatty, H. T. Boeram, Charles T. Botts, George W. Bowie, George Cadwallader, W. R. Cantwell, Geo. H. Cartter, A. P. Catlin, Rob't C. Clark, Rob't Clyde, Cornelius Cole, Thos. Conger, E. B. Crocker, Sam'l Cross, N. Greene Curtis, Presley Dunlap, Philip L. Edwards, James L. English, C. C. Finkler, Ferris Forman, John H. Gass, James C. Goods, Humphrey Griffith, Jas. H. Hardy, J. P. Hardy, Henry Hare Hartley, E. H. Heacock, John Heard, L. Hermance, A. P. Hereford, Frank Hereford, John G. Hyer, C. A. Johnson, W. R. Keithley, Wm. S. Long, John H. McKune, Washington Meeks, G. R. Moore, R. F. Morrison, H. H. O'Callagan, Jas. H. Ralston, P. W. S. Rayle, Tod Robinson, Rob't Robinson, Charles C. Sackett, Lewis Sanders, Jr., Horace Smith, Henry Starr, Thos. Sunderland, Frank F. Taylor, W. C. Wallace, W. H. Weeks, D. W. Welty, B. C. Whiting, Joseph W. Winans, James C. Zabriskie.

Physicians.-Cosumnes: Charles Duncombe; Folsom: A. C. Donaldson, Dr. Palmer; Michigan Bar: R. B. Ellis; Mormon Island: L. Bates; Sacramento City: W. G. Alban, T. B. Ballie, A. Ball, J. R. Boyce, James Blake, Lapsley Braden, Charles H. Bradford, B. B. Brown, W. B. H. Dodson, J. Š. Downes, Victor J. Fourgeaud, J. M. Frey, Justin Gates, Jr., R. B. Hall, H. W. Harkness, F. W. Hatch, Jr., W. G. Hatch, Dr. Hiller, H. Houghton, J. L. Howard, D. Hupp, Earnest Juch, J. M. Koon, Thos. M. Logan, Samuel J. May, H. B. May, R. H. McDonald, S. M. Mouser, J. F. Montgomery, John F. Morse, H. L. Nichols, A. B. Nixon, J. E. Oatman, G. Otto, R. A. Pearis, G. J. Phelan, J. Powell, Johnson Price, W. G. Proctor, G. L. Simmons, C. Sullivan, Gustavus Taylor, D. J. Thomas, T. A. Thomas, H. J. Underhill, W. W. Upton, D. W. Whitmore, C. B. Zabriskie.

SACRAMENTO CITY.

Sacramento City, the capital of the State of California, is one of the most flourishing cities on the Pacific. Notwithstanding the calamities which have, on two or three occasions, nearly destroyed the city, it now presents, in the numerous public works for protection and improvement and a large

and increasing trade, substantial evidences of the energy and enterprise of its citizens.

The most important of the public works have cost as follows, viz: The Levee, nine miles in length, with a surface breadth of ten feet. Its grade is twenty-two and a half feet above low-water mark, and a base varying from fifty to seventy feet; cost, six hundred thousand dollars. The Water Works, three hundred thousand dollars. Raising the grade and planking the streets, one hundred and eighty-five thousand dollars. Fire Department and Engine Houses, one hundred thousand dollars. Amounting, in all, to one million one hundred and eighty-five thousand dollars.

The following beautiful and appropriate tribute to Sacramento is from the pen of "Caxton,” (W. H. Rhodes, Esq.):

"In point of convenient location, of accessibility from all parts of the State, it never did have a rival. In public spirit, in refined society, in thriftiness, in beauty, in taste, it will be many years before it has an equal. It was fitting that the town which grew upon the site of Sutter's old fort, the pioneer spot of western civilization, should have been thus honored. It was but justice that the city which built the first link in the Pacific Railroad should be selected as the capital. No better spot could have been designated than that which is par eminence the garden of the State; which blooms with the sweetest flowers, rejoices in the most genial climate, and is the storehouse of the most luscious fruits, and the most valuable products. Four-fifths of the gold which semi-monthly leaves in millions for the Atlantic States passes through Sacramento; more than one-half the grain, seeds and melons, the vegetables and fruits, which find a market in the metropolis, are grown upon the banks of the Sacramento and its tributaries; whilst at least two-thirds of the entire population of the State have made their homes upon that stream and its various branches.

We love Sacramento; its beautiful situation enchants the stranger, and binds the citizen strongly to his home. The swift flowing river that sweeps by it, bearing upon its bosom argosies richer than the galleons of Venice or the navies of old Tyre ever bore; the snowy Sierras, which lift their cloudcrowned summits half way to the skies, in the blue distance; and the flowercarpeted plains, that stretch far away in all directions, covered with cattle, and farm houses, and verdure, all offer to the eye and the imagination, a succession of natural beauties of landscape seldom equaled and never surpassed."

Valuation of Property.*-The following is a tabular statement of the assessment of property within the city during the three years last past:

Number of buildings within the levees, at the commencement of the year 1858, (including the American Fork addition,) compared with the previous estimates, is as follows:

From the Sacramento Union.