remaining third shall be retained for the purpose of creating a fund for the payment of passages of seamen, citizens of the United States, who may be desirous of returning to the United States, and for the maintenance of American seamen who may be destitute, and may be in such foreign port; and the several sums retained for such fund shall be accounted for with the Treasury every six months by the persons receiving the same.

Marine Hospital Tax.

Rev. Stat., § 4,585. There shall be assessed and collected by the collectors of customs at the ports of the United States, from the master or owner of every vessel of the United States arriving from a foreign port, or of every registered vessel employed in the coasting trade, and before such vessel shall be admitted to entry, the sum of forty cents per month for each and every seaman who shall have been employed on such vessel since she was last entered at any port of the United States; such sum such master or owner may collect and retain from the wages of such seamen. [Moneys to be deposited under § 4,803.]

When to be Collected Abroad.

Rev. Stat., § 4,586. Whenever a sale or transfer of any vessel of the United States is made in a foreign port or water, the consular officer of the United States within whose consulate or district the same is made, or in whose hands the papers of such vessel are, is required to collect of the master or agent of such vessel all moneys that shall have become due to the United States by virtue of the preceding section, and shall remain unpaid at the time of such sale or transfer; and such consular officer shall retain possession of the papers of such vessel until such money shall have been paid, as herein provided; and, in default of such payment, the sale or transfer shall be void, excepting as against the vendor.

When on Licensed and Enrolled Vessels.

Rev. Stat., § 4,587. No collector shall grant to any vessel except canal-boats employed in navigating the canals within the United States, whose enrollment or license for carrying on the coasting trade has expired, a new enrollment or license, unless the master of such vessel shall have first rendered a true account to the collector of the number of seamen and the time they have been employed on such vessel, during the continuance of the license which has so expired, and shall have paid to such collector forty cents per month for every such seaman who shall have been employed; which sum the master is hereby authorized to retain out of the wages of such seaman. Whenever the master of any registered, enrolled, or licensed vessel of the United States renders a false account of the number of seamen so employed, or of the length of time they have severally been employed, as is herein required, he shall be liable to a penalty of fifty dollars, which shall be applied to, and shall make a part of, the general fund created for the relief of sick and disabled seamen; and all needful regulations for the mode of collecting the sums hereinbefore mentioned shall be prepared under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, by such person as by him may be designated. [Decision 4,388 of 1880.]

Certificate of Citizenship.

Rev. Stat., § 4,588. The collector of every district shall keep a book, or books, in which, at the request of any seaman, being a citizen of the United States of America, and producing proof of his citizenship, authenticated in the manner hereinafter directed, he shall enter the name of such seaman, and shall deliver to him a certificate, in the following form, that is to say: "I, A. B., collector of the district of D., do hereby certify that E. F., an American seaman, aged .. years, or thereabouts, of the height of .. feet.. inches (describing the said seaman as particularly as may be), has, this day, produced to me proof in the manner directed by law; and I do hereby certify that the said E. F. is a citizen of the United States of America. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal of office, this .... day of .... ." It shall be the duty of the collectors to file and preserve the proofs of citizenship so produced. For every certificate so delivered, the collector shall be entitled to receive from the seaman applying for the same the sum of twenty-five cents. (See § 2,174.)

Master to Disclose Impressments.

Rev. Stat., § 4,590. The collectors of the districts of the United States shall, from time to time, make known the provisions of the two preceding sections to all masters of vessels of the United States entering or clearing at their several offices. The master of every such vessel shall, before he is admitted to an entry by any such collector, be required to declare on oath whether any of the crew of the vessel under his command have been impressed or detained, in the course of his voyage, and how far he has complied with the directions of the preceding section. Every master who willfully neglects or refuses to make the declarations herein required, or to perform the duties enjoined by the preceding section, shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars. The collectors shall prosecute for any forfeiture that may be incurred under this section.

Extra Wages on Discharge for Cruel Treatment.

Rev. Stat., § 4,600. It shall be the duty of consular officers to reclaim deserters and discountenance insubordination by every means within their power; and, where the local authorities can be usefully employed for that purpose, to lend their aid and use their exertions to that end, in the most effectual manner. In all cases where deserters are apprehended, the consular officer shall inquire into the facts; and, if he is satisfied that the desertion was caused by unusual or cruel treatment, the seaman shall be discharged, and receive, in addition to his wages to the time of the discharge, three months' pay; and the officer discharging him shall enter upon the crew-list and shipping articles the cause of discharge, and the particulars in which the cruelty or unusual treatment consisted, and subscribe his name thereto, officially.

Forfeited Wages and Effects.

Rev. Stat., § 4,604. All clothes, effects, and wages which, under the provisions of this Title, are forfeited for desertion, shall be applied, in the first instance, in payment of the expenses occasioned by such desertion, to the master or owner of the vessel from which the desertion has taken place, and the balance, if any, shall be paid by the master or owner to any shipping cominis

sioner resident at the port at which the voyage of such vessel terminates; and the shipping commissioner shall account for and pay over such balance to the judge of the Circuit Court within one month after the commissioner receives the same, to be disposed of by him in the same manner as is prescribed for the disposal of the money, effects, and wages of deceased seamen. Whenever any master or owner neglects or refuses to pay over to the shipping commissioner such balance, he shall be liable to a penalty of double the amount thereof, recoverable by the commissioner in the same manner that seamen's wages are recovered. In all other cases of forfeiture of wages, the forfeiture shall be for the benefit of the master or owner by whom the wages are payable.

Quarantine Regulations to be Observed, and Enforced.

Rev. Stat., § 4,792. The quarantines and other restraints established by the health laws of any State, respecting any vessels arriving in, or bound to, any port or district thereof, shall be duly observed by the officers of the customs revenue of the United States, by the masters and crews of the several revenue cutters, and by the military officers commanding in any port or station upon the seacoast; and all such officers of the United States shall faithfully aid in the execution of such quarantines and health laws, according to their respective powers and within their respective precincts, and as they shall be directed, from time to time, by the Secretary of the Treasury. But nothing in this Title [Lviii] shall enable any State to collect a duty of tonnage or impost without the consent of Congress.

Unlading under Health Laws.

Rev. Stat., § 4,793. Whenever, by the health laws of any State, or by the regulations made pursuant thereto, any vessel arriving within a collection district of such State is prohibited from coming to the port of entry or delivery by law established for such district, and such health laws require or permit the cargo of the vessel to be unladen at some other place within or near to such district, the collector, after due report to him of the whole of such cargo, may grant his warrant or permit for the unlading and discharge thereof, under the care of the surveyor, or of one or more inspectors, at some other place where such health laws permit, and upon the conditions and restrictions which shall be directed by the Secretary of the Treasury, or which such collector may, for the time, deem expedient for the security of the public revenue.

Quarantine Warehouses.

Rev. Stat., § 4,794. There shall be purchased or erected, under the orders of the President, suitable warehouses, with wharves and inclosures, where merchandise may be unladen and deposited, from any vessel which shall be subject to a quarantine, or other restraint, pursuant to the health laws of any State, at such convenient places therein as the safety of the public revenue, and the observance of such health laws, may require.

Deposit of Cargo in Inclosures.

Rev. Stat., § 4,795. Whenever the cargo of a vessel is unladen at some other place than the port of entry or delivery, under the foregoing provisions, all the articles of such cargo shall be deposited, at the risk of the parties concerned

therein, in such public or other warehouses or inclosures as the collector shall designate, there to remain under the joint custody of such collector, and of the owner, or master, or other person having charge of such vessel, until the same are entirely unladen or discharged, and until the articles so deposited may be safely removed without contravening such health laws. And when such removal is allowed, the collector having charge of such articles may grant permits to the respective owners or consignees, their factors or agents, to receive all merchandise which has been entered, and the duties accruing upon which have been paid, upon the payment by them of a reasonable rate of storage; which shall be fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury for all public warehouses and inclosures.

Extension of Time for Entrance.

Rev. Stat., §4,796. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized, whenever a conformity to such quarantines and health laws requires it, and in respect to vessels subject thereto, to prolong the terms limited for the entry of the same, and the report or entry of their cargoes, and to vary or dispense with any other regulations applicable to such reports or entries. No part of the cargo of any vessel shall, however, in any case, be taken out or unladen therefrom otherwise than is allowed by law, or according to the regulations hereinafter established.

Temporary Removal from Port.

Rev. Stat., § 4,797. Whenever, by the prevalence of any contagious or epidemic disease in or near the place established at the port of entry for any collection district, it becomes dangerous or inconvenient for the officers of the revenue employed therein to continue the discharge of their respective offices at such port, the Secretary of the Treasury, or, in his absence, the First Comptroller, may direct the removal of the officers of the revenue from such port to any other more convenient place, within, or as near as may be to, such collection district. And at such place such officers may exercise the same powers, and shall be liable to the same duties, according to existing circumstances, as in the port or district established by law. Public notice of any such removal shall be given as soon as may be.

Canal Boatmen not Entitled to Hospital Relief.

Rev. Stat., § 4,804. No person employed in or connected with the navigation, management, or use of canal-boats engaged in the coasting trade, shall, by reason thereof, be entitled to any benefit or relief from the marine hospital fund.

Detention of Armed Cruisers.

Rev. Stat., § 5,290. The several collectors of the customs shall detain any vessel manifestly built for warlike purposes, and about to depart the United States, the cargo of which principally consists of arms and munitions of war, when the number of men shipped on board, or other circumstances, render it probable that such vessel is intended to be employed by the owners to cruise or commit hostilities upon the subjects, citizens, or property of any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people, with whom the United States are at peace, until the decision of the President is had thereon, or until the owner gives such bond and security as is required of the owners of armed vessels by the preceding section.

Ports of Delivery may be used for Entry.

Rev. Stat., § 5,314. Whenever the President shall deem it impracticable, by reason of unlawful combinations of persons in opposition to the laws of the United States, to collect the duties on imports in the ordinary way, at any port of entry in any collection district, he may cause such duties to be collected at any port of delivery in the district until such obstruction ceases; in such cases the surveyor at such port of delivery shall have the powers, and be subject to all the obligations, of a collector at a port of entry. The Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President, shall also appoint such weighers, gaugers, measurers, inspectors, appraisers, and clerks, as he may deem necessary, for the faithful execution of the revenue laws at such port of delivery, and shall establish the limits within which such port of delivery is constituted a port of entry. And all the provisions of law regulating the issue of marine papers, the coasting trade, the warehousing of imports, and the collections of duties, shall apply to the ports of entry thus constituted, in the same manner as they do to ports of entry established by law.

Removal of Custom-House.

Rev. Stat., § 5,315. Whenever, at any port of entry, the duties on imports can not, in the judgment of the President, be collected in the ordinary way or by the course provided in the preceding section, by reason of the cause mentioned therein, he may direct that the custom-house for the district be established in any secure place within the district, either on land, or on board any vessel in the district, or at sea near the coast; and in such case the collector shall reside at such place, or on shipboard, as the case may be, and there detain all vessels and cargoes arriving within or approaching the district, until the duties imposed by law on such vessels and their cargoes are paid in cash. But if the owner or consignee of the cargo on board any vessel thus detained, or the master of the vessel, desires to enter a port of entry in any other district where no such obstructions to the execution of the laws exist, the master may be permitted so to change the destination of the vessel and cargo in his manifest; whereupon the collector shall deliver him a written permit to proceed to the port so designated. And the Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President, shall make proper regulations for the enforcement on shipboard of such provisions of the laws regulating the assessment and collection of duties as in his judgment may be necessary and practicable.

Enforcement of the Preceding.

Rev. Stat., § 5,316. It shall be unlawful to take any vessel or cargo detained under the preceding section from the custody of the proper officers of the customs unless by process of some court of the United States; and in case of any attempt otherwise to take such vessel or cargo by any force, or combination, or assemblage of persons, too great to be overcome by the officers of the customs, the President, or such person as he shall have empowered for that purpose, may employ such part of the army, or navy, or militia of the United States, or such force of citizen volunteers as may be necessary, to prevent the removal of such vessel or cargo, and to protect the officers of the customs in retaining the custody thereof.