PILGRIM FATHERS AND MOTHERS. PAWNEE CITY, Neb. Please give a list of the names of passengers who ar rived on the Mayflower at Plymouth Rock Dec. 11 (old style), 1620, so that we may know if many of the names are common st present. F. E. WASHBURN. Ansicer.-This question is answered the more cheerfully since it is a matter of historic interest, and yet, strange to say, is not recorded in any one of a dozen United States histories and encyclopedias in our library, including Bancroft's and Hildreth's extended works. But in Hotten's "List of Emigrants to America, 1600 to 1700," is found the following "List of the 'names and families' of those who came over first in the Mayflower in the year 1620, and were the founders of New Plymouth, which led to the planting of the other New England colonies, as preserved by Governor Bradford at the close of his History of Plymouth Colony." This history was first brought to the light and given to the types in 1856. The names are here presented in the order in which Governor Bradford placed them. As one observes how frequently the words, "died in the first sickness," "died the first winter." "died soon after landing," "died in the general sickness" recur after names in this list, the wonder grows that all the others did not die of grief and despair, or return to England by the Mayflower, which lay in the harbor until this epidemic was nearly over. That they did neither makes their heroism inexpressibly sublime: "Mr. John Carver; who was chosen the first Governor on their arrival at Cape Cod. He died the first spring. Katherine, his wife; she died a few weeks after her husband, in the beginning of summer. "Desire Minter; afterwards returned to her friends, in poor health, and died in England. "John Howland, man-servant, afterwards married the daughter of John Tillie, and had ten children. years visited England, and died at the Bahama Islands. "A maid servant; who married, and died one or two years after. "Jasper Moore; who died the first season. "Mr. William Brewster; their Ruling Elder, lived some twenty-three or four years after his arrival. Mary, his wife; died between 1623 and 1627. Love Brewster, a son; married, lived to the year 1650, had four children. Wrestling Brewster; youngest son. "Richard More and brother; two boys placed with the Elder. Richard afterwards married, and had four children. His brother died the first winter. "Mr. Edward Winslow; Mr. W. afterwards chosen Governor, died in 1655, when on a commission to the West Indies. Elizabeth, his wife; died the first winter. Mr. W. left two children by a second marriage. "George Soule and Elias Story; two men in Winslow's family. G. Soule married and had eight children. E. Story died in the first sickness. girl placed in Mr. WinsRichard More, died soon "Ellen More, a little low's family, sister of after their arrival. "Mr. William Bradford; their second Governor, author of the history of the Plymouth Colony, [lived to the year 1657.] Dorothy, his wife; who died soon after their arrival. Governor Bradford left a son in England to come afterwards-had four children by a second marriage. "Mr. Isaac Allerton; chosen first assistant to the Governor. Mary, his wife; who died in the first sickness. Bartholomew; son, who married in England. Remember and Mary, daughters. Remember married in Salem, had three or four children. "John Hook; servant boy, died in first sickness. "Mr. Samuel Fuller; their physician. His wife and child remained and came over afterwards: "Roger Williams; man-servant, died in the first they had two more children. sickness. "William Latham; a boy, after more than twenty "William Butters servant, died on the passage. "John Crackston, who died in the first sickness, "John Crackston, his son; who died some five or six years after. "Captain Myles Standish, who lived to the year 1656; chief in military affairs. Rose, his wife; died in the first sickness. Captain Standish had four sons living in 1650, by a second marriage. "Mr. Christopher Martin and his wife, Solomon Prower and John Langemore, servants; all died soon after their arrival. "Mr. William Mullens, his wife, Joseph, a son; these three died the first winter. Priscilla, a daughter, survived, and married John Alden. Robert Carter, servant, died the first winter. "Mr. William White, died soon after landing. Susanna, his wife, afterwards married to Mr. E. Winslow. Resolved, a son, married and had five children. Peregrine, a son, was born after their arrival at Cape Cod; he cannot, therefore, be numbered among the passengers proper; married and had two children before 1650. "William Holbeck and Edward Thompson, servants, both died soon after landing. "Mr. Stephen Hopkins and Elizabeth, his wife, both lived over twenty years after their arrival, and had a son and four daughters born in this country. Giles and Constantia, by a former marriage, had twelve children. Damaris, a son, and Oceanus, born at sea, children by the present marriage. "Edward Doty and Edward Lister, servants; E. Doty, by a second marriage, had seven children; after his term of service went to Virginia. "Mr. Richard Warren; his wife and five daughters were left, and came over afterward. They also had two sons, and the daughters married here. "John Billington; he was not from Leyden, or of the Leyden Company, but from London. Ellen, his wife, and John, his son, who died in a few years. Francis, the second son; married, and had eight children. "Edward Tillie and Ann, his wife; both died soon after they camelon shore. Elizabeth, their daughter, afterward married John Howland. "Francis Cooke, who lived until after 1650; his wife and other children came afterward; they had six or more children. John, his son, afterward married; had four children. "Thomas Rogers, died in the first sickness. Joseph, his son, was living in 1650; married, and had six children. Mr. Rogers' other children came afterward and had families. "Thomas Tinker, wife and son, all died in the first sickness. "John Rigdale and Alice. his wife, both died in the first sickness. "James Chilton and his wife, both died in the first sickness. Mary, their daughter, lived, married, and had nine children. Another married daughter came afterward. "Edward Fuller and his wife, both died in the first sickness. Samuel, their son; married, had four children. "John Turner, two sons, names not given; all three died in the first sickness. A daughter came some years afterward to Salem and there married. "Francis Eaton, Sarah, his wife; she died the first winter: by a third marriage he left three children. Samuel, a son, married, had one child. "Moses Fletcher. John Goodman, Thomas Williams, Digerie Priest, Edmond Margeson, Richard Britterige, Richard Clarke; these seven died in the general sickness The wife of D. Priest came afterward, she being the sister of Mr. Allerton. "Peter Brown, lived some fourteen years after; was twice married, and left four children. "Richard Gardiner, became a seaman and died abroad. "Gilbert Winslow, after living here a number of years, returned to England. "John Alden, 'a hopeful young man,' lived at Southampton; married Priscilla Mullens, as mentioned, and had eleven chilren." These are the John Alden and "Priscilla, the Puritan Maiden," celebrated in the poem entitled "The Courtship of Miles Standish," written by their descendant, on the mother's side, the poet Longfellow. THE COTTON GIN SLAVERY. Harry B. Cornelius, Opdyke, Ill.-When the question of American slavery was a living issue. some political speakers and writers maintained that the invention of Whitney's cotton-gin, by rendering the production and manufacture of cotton so much more profitable, had enhanced the value of slaves, and thus stopped the tendency toward gradual emancipation, previously strong in several of the Southern States. Only in some such way as this can it be said that "the invention of the cotton-gin caused the war of the rebellion." But the invention of the power loom, and scores of other improvements in the manufacture and transportation of cotton goods, all contributed to the same end. Nevertheless the world blesses the inventors, and refuses to excuse the slaveholders. THE EGYPTIAN FALSE PROPHET. LAWRENCE, Kan. Please give a biographical sketch of the Mahdi, or Mehdi, the False Prophet of Islam, who is at the bottom of the present trouble in Upper Egypt and the Soudan. A CONSTANT READER. Answer.-One of the best biographical sketches of the Mahdi, or Prophet, as he is styled, is the following, which appeared recently in one of our most highly esteemed English exchanges, the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle, taken from a report of Colonel Stewart to the British Foreign Office: "Mahomet Achmet, the Mahdi, is a Dongolawi, or native of the Province of Dongola. His grandfather was called Fahil, and lived on the island of Naft Arti (Arti-Dongolawi for "island.") This island lies east of and opposite to Ordi, the native name for the capital of Dongola. His father was Abdullahi, by trade a carpenter. In 1852 this man left and went to Shindi, a town on the Nile south of Berber. At that time his family consisted of three sons and one daughter, called respectively Mahomed, Hamid, Mahomet Achmet (the Mahdi), and Nur-el-Sham (Light of Syria). At Shindi another son was born, called Abdullah. As a boy, Mahomet Achmet was apprenticed to Sherif-ed-deen, his uncle, residing at Shakabeh, an island opposite Senaar. Having one: day received 8 beating from his uncle, he ran away to Khartoum, and Joined the free school or "Medressu❞ of a faki (learned man, head of a sect of Dervishes), who resided at Hoghali, a village east of and close to Khartoum. This school is attached to the tomb of Sheikh Hoghali, the patron saint of Khartoum, and who is greatly revered by the inhabitants of that town and district. (The sheikh of this tomb or shrine, although he keeps a free school and feeds the poor, derives a very handsome revenue from the gifts of the pious. He claims to be a descendant of the original Hoghali, and through him of Mahomet), Here he remained for some time studying religion, the tenets of his sheikh, etc., but did not make much progress in the more worldly accomplishments of reading and writing. After a time he left and went to Berber, where he joined another free school kept by a Sheik Ghubush, at a village of that name, situated nearly opposite to Mekherref (Berber). This school is also attached to a shrine greatly venerated by the natives. Here Mahomet Achmet remained six months completing his religious education. Thence he went to Aradup (Tamarind Tree) village, south of Kana. Here in 1870 he became a disciple of another faki-Sheikh Nur-el-Daim (Continuous Light). Nur-el-Daim subsequently ordained him & sheikh or faki, left to take and he then up his home in the Island of Abba, near Kana, on the White Nile. Here he began by making a subterranean excavation (khaliva-retreat) into which he made a practice of retiring to repeat for hours one of the names of the Deity, and accompanied this by fasting, incense burning, and prayers. His fame and sanctity by degrees spread far and wide, and Mahomet Achmet became wealthy, collected disciples, married several wives, all of whom he was careful to select from among the daughters of the most influential Baggara Sheikhs (Baggara-tribes owning cattle and horses) and other notables. To keep within the legalized number (four), he was in the habit of divorcing the surplus and taking them on again according to his fancy. About the end of May. 1881, he began to write to his brother fakis (religious chiefs), and to teach that he was the Mahdi foretold by Mahomet, and that he had a divine mission to reform Islam, to establish a universal equality, a universal law, a universal religion, and a community of goods ("beyt-ul-mal"); also that all who did not believe in him should be destroyed, be they Christian. Mahommedan, or pagan. Among others he wrote to Mahomet Saleh, a very learned and influential faki of Dongola, directing him to collect his dervishes (followers) and friends and to join him at Abba. This sheikh, instead of complying with his request, informed the government, declaring the man must be mad. This information, along with that collected from other quarters, alarmed his Excellency Reouf Pasha, and the result was the expedition of the 3d of August, 1881. In person the Mahdi is tall, alim, with a black beard and light brown complexion. Like most Dongolawis, he reads and writes with difficulty. He is local head of the Gheelan or Kadridge order of dervishes, a school originated by Abdul Kader-el-Ghulami, whose tomb is, I believe, at Bagdad. Judging from his conduct of affairs and policy, I should say he had considerable natural ability. The manner in which he has managed to merge the usually discordant tribes together denotes great tact. He had probably been preparing the movement for some time back." THE ENGLISH CONSTITUTION. A Reader, Higginsville, Mo.-The English Constitution consists of common law decisions, based upon custom, usage, and precedent, together with such charters of liberty as the Magna Charta, Petition of Rights, and Bill of Rights. In other words, the English Constitution is a collection of cumulated laws and statutes, and not a body of enactments accepted as a whole like the Constitution of the United States. MONSTER SEA SERPENTS. KEARNEY, Neb. To settle a dispute, tell us whether there is any such thing as a sea-serpent. A. C. E. Answer.-That there are sea monsters, spoken of as "sea-serpents," not hitherto actually captured and scientifically described and classified seems to be tolerably well established, although some naturalists still regard these creatures as fabulous. One of the latest accounts touching this matter is the following: While the boats of the bark Hope On, commanded by Captain Seymour, were on the watch for whales off the Pearl Islands, between forty and fifty miles from Panama, the water broke a short distance away, and Captain Seymour made ready for a whale. But a head like that of a horse rose from the water and then dived. The creature was seen by all the boat's crew. Captain Seymour describes the animal as about twenty feet long, with a handsome, horse-like head, with two unicorn-shaped horns protruding from it. The creature had four legs, ΟΙ double-jointed fins, 8 bronzed hide, profusely speckled with large black spots, and a tail which appeared to be divided into two parts. It was seen on two different days, and if whales had not been about at the time an effort would have been made to catch it. Captain Seymour and his officers agree that the creature is peculiar to the locality, and that it could easily be killed with lances and guns. It is important to notice that officers of the Pacific Mail Company state that they have seen the animal on several occasions, but not so closely as did officers and men of the Hope On. This account is repeated by Richard A. Proctor, the popular writer on science, in the Newcastle Chronicle, who evidently gives it full credence. Norwegian fishermen relate numerous traditions of sea serpents seen on their coasts, particularly in Moldefjord. [See Naturalist Library. Vol. III., Edinburg.] Incredulous naturalists assume that all these observers were more or less ignorant and superstitious, coloring their stories with their recollections of the fabulous serpent, "Midguardsormen,' of the old Scandinavian mythology, who was represented as dwelling in the depths of the ocean and enfolding the foundations of the earth in his coils. But however ignorant fishermen may be of ǝther matters. thev are certainly less likely than any other class of observers to be deceived in a case of this kind. In the reports of the Linnean Society of New England will be found accounts of the appearance of sea-serAn animal pents off the coast of New England. supposed to be a sea-serpent was seen off the coast of Cape Ann, Mass., in 1817. Eleven witmesses of good reputation testified before several magistrates-one of whom was himself a witness of the fact that this animal was like a huge serpent, dark brown in color, or, as others said mottled, with white under the head and neck. Its head was as large as a horse's, but shaped like a serpent's, and its length was e stimated at fifty feet. Colonel Perkins observed something proJecting in front of the head like a single horn, but others took this to be the monster's tongue. Since then there have been several other instances of a similar sort, a monster having been been reported as discovered off the New Jersey coast not many months ago, and another off a part of the English coast very recently. Gosse, in his "Romance of Natural History," and some other naturalists maintain that the evidence is sufficient to warrant the assertion that there is a race of marine animals, apparently of several species, characterized by a serpentine neck, a head large as compared with the thickness of the neck, an air-breather, propelled by paddles, something not unlike the plesiosaurians now found in the fossil state among the rocks of the mesozoic age. THE AZTECS. W. B. Wilson, Parsons, D. T.-The Aztecs trace their origin to the legendary land of Aztlan, where they dwelt in seven caverns of the earth. After a cataclysm and distribution of tongues the Aztecs wandered away from their fellows, and traveled southward. It is said that the seven tribes halted many times before they finally reached the Valley of Mexico, so that the Journey occupied from fifty-three to one hundred and sixty-three years. The emigration occurred in the thirteenth century. VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN ALASKA. DUBUQUE, Iowa. Give principal facts as to the recent great earthquake and tidal wave in Alaska. Is it true that the United States owns a first-class volcano? SUBSCRIBER. Answer.-On the morning of Oct. 6, 1883, immense volumes of smoke and flame suddenly burst from the summit of Mount Augustine, near English Bay, Alaska. At 3:30 o'clock p. m. an earthquake shock was felt, and a wave thirty feet high came rushing over the hamlet, sweeping away all the boats and flooding the houses. But for the fact that this happened at low tide, the settlement would have been utterly destroyed. This wave was succeeded by two others, each about eighteen feet high. Pumice ashes fell to a depth of five inches, and it was so dark that lamps had to be lit. At night the whole landscape was illuminated by the flames of the volcano. Mount Augustine, usually covered with snow, has been bare recently, due perhaps to the gradual increase of the temperature of this mountain preoeding this final sudden outburst. When the disturbance of the earth had so far subsided as to admit of an examination, it appeared that Mount Augustine was split in two from summit to base, and that the northern slope had sunk to the level of the surrounding cliffs. At the same time a new island, a mile and a half long and about seventy-five feet high, had made its appearance between the main land and Chernafoura Island. Two extinct volcanoes on the main land, lying westward of Iliamna, also began to emit immense volumes of smoke and dust. Iliamna has long been recognized as an active volcano. There are others, probably, within our vast Alaskan possessions, a large area of which is still quite unexplored. IN WINTER. Inquirer, Normalville, Ill.-In common usage the term winter is understood to be the period between Dec. 1 and March 1, but in astronomical parlance winter begins with the winter solstice, about Dec. 21, and ends with the vernal equinox, between March 21 and 22. THE JACOBITES. ALBION, Wis. Who are the Jacobites? What gave them their name, and what was their origin? EMMA RANDOLPH. Answer.-1. The Jacobites in church history are an oriental religious sect, who owe their name to a Syrian monk, Jacobus Baradacus, the organizer of the sect. They are Monophysites, believing that Christ possessed not two natures, but one, the human nature being lost in the divine. Their present strength is about 40,000. 2. The term Jacobites in English history refers to the adherents of James II. in his struggle to maintain the throne of Great Britain and Ireland. William of Orange ascended the throne with Mary, the daughter of the exiled King, many of the Jacobites followed James to France, while the majority secretly plotted in England for his restoration. ABOUT NAMES OF DANCES. When CHICAGO, Ill. Please state what is the difference, if any, between the Sicilian Circle, the Circassian Circle, and the Portland Fancy dances? JOHN. was Answer-Mr. P. Sullivan, of Chicago, to whom the above question referred, writes: "The Sicilian Circle is different from the Portland Fancy, the former having waltzing in it and figures different in from some the latter. The Circassian Circle I have never taught under that name, and so I cannot say whether it differs from the Sicilian Circle or not, without referring to some old ball-room guides, which I cannot at once lay hands on." Mr. Martine writes still more at length, as follows: "The Circassian Circle and the Sicilian Circle are the same. The Portland Fancy, though somewhat simillar, is still quite different. They are usually both formed in circles, where the room is large enough to admit of the circle, or they may be formed in a column, if necessary, The Portland Fancy has two couples facing two couples, while the Sicilian Circle has but one. The changes for the former are: Eight hands round; first four right and left simultaneously; side four; ladies' chain; then, first four chain; side four right and left; pass |