T ENROLMENT and AFFILIATION Affiliated State Associations HE STATE associations of the following States have taken favorable action on affiliation with the National Education Association: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wyoming. Affiliated Local Associations ABERDEEN, S. D., Northern Normal and Industrial School, J. Willard Thomas, Secretary. ADRIAN, MICH., Adrian College Faculty, BROOKLYN, N. Y., Maxwell Pedagogical As- CANON CITY, COLO., Canon City Teachers' DURHAM, N. C., Durham City Teachers' Association, Quinton Holton, Acting Secretary. EASTON, PA., LaFayette College Faculty, William S. Nall, Secretary. EAU CLAIRE, WIS., Northwestern Wisconsin Teachers' Association, Charles Beardsley, Secretary. ELON COLLEGE, N. C., Elon College Faculty, W. A. Harper, President. ELIZABETH, N. J., Elizabeth Teachers' Association, William H. Duncan, President. FARMINGTON, ME., Franklin County Teachers' Association, Agnes Mantor, Secretary. FAYETTE, IOWA, Faculty of the Upper Iowa FORT SMITH, ARK., Fort Smith Teachers' GLASTONBURY, CONN., Glastonbury Teachers' Association, Margaret R. Riddell, Secretary. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., Grand Rapids Teachers' Club, Mary Frances Hyland, Secretary. GREENFIELD, MASS., Franklin County Teachers' Association, Mildred M. Hartwell, Secretary. GRINNELL, IOWA, Grinnell Teachers' Association, Mary A. Evans, Secretary. HARRISBURG, PA., Hansford County Teachers' Institute, Nellie Hart, Secretary; Harrisburg Teachers' Institute, F. E. Downs, Superintendent. HARRISONBURG, VA., Harrisonburg Teachers' Association, Ethel Spilman, President. HIAWATHA, KANS., Hiawatha Teachers' Association, Daisy Moore, Secretary. HIGHLAND PARK, MICH., Highland Park Teachers' Club, Care Mabel C. Willson. HOHENWALD, TENN., Lewis County Teachers' Association, Mrs. C. Baker, Secretary. IRONTON, OHIO, Lawrence County Teachers' Association, Edward Q. Swan, Superintendent. JAMESTOWN, N. Y., Jamestown Teachers' Association, Mildred B. Willson, Secretary. KANSAS CITY, KANS., Grade Teachers' Club, LANDER, WYO., Fremont County Teachers' LEBANON, VA., Russell County Teachers' Association, R. N. Anderson, Superintendent. LEWISBURG, PA., Faculty of Bucknell University, C. A. Lindemann, Librarian. LOUISVILLE, KY., Guild of Louisville Teachers, Edna T. Cremin, Corresponding Secretary. MENASHA, WIS., Northeastern Wisconsin Teachers' Association, C. F. Cole, Secretary. MESILLA, N. M., Dona Ana County Teachers' Association, Filomon T. Martinez, Secretary. MEMPHIS, MO., Scotland County Missouri Community Association, Care Mrs. Lenora Harding. MILTON, MASS., Massachusetts Schoolmasters' Club, Leonard M. Patton, Secretary. MONTCLAIR, N. J., Montclair Public School Teachers' Association, Maud A. Howes, Secretary. MONTICELLO, ILL., Piatt County Teachers' Association, Charles McIntosh, Secretary. MONTGOMERY, ALA., The Women's College of Alabama, N. W. Swartz, Secretary. MOREHEAD, Ky., Rowan County Teachers' Association, Care J. Harlin Powers, Superintendent. MOSCOW, IDAHO, North Central Idaho MOUNT UNION, PA., Mount Union Teachers' NEWARK, N. J., Newark School Men's Club, NORFOLK, VA., Norfolk Teachers' Association, M. L. Berryman, Care Henry Clay School. NORMAL, ILL., Faculty Illinois State Normal University, Edith Irene Atkin, SecretaryOAKLAND, CALIF., Oakland Principals' Club, Dora Loges, Secretary; School Women's Club of Oakland, Alice M. Williams. Secretary. PATERSON, N. J., Paterson Teachers' Association, Daisy Brown, Secretary. PERTH AMBOY, N. J., Perth Amboy Teachers' Association, Glenworth Sturgis, High School. PHILADELPHIA, PA., Philadelphia Teachers' Association, Emity Renshaw, Secretary. PITTSBURGH, PA., Pennsylvania College for Women, Woodland Road. PROVIDENCE, R. I., Public School Teachers' Association of Providence, Katherine U Pierce, Secretary. PUEBLO, COLO., Hinsdale School, Henrietta Robinson, Secretary. RAHWAY, N. J., Rahway Elementary Teachers' Association, Helen S. Elliott, Secretary. ROANOKE, VA., Roanoke Colored_Teachers' Association, Marian Bowden, Secretary. ROCK HILL, S. C., Winthrop College Faculty Association, J. E. Walmsley, Secretary. ROCK ISLAND, ILL., Illinois Valley Teachers' Association, Anna M. Holliday, Secretary. ROCKY FORD, COLO., Rocky Ford Teachers' Association. ROCKY RIVER, OHIO, Cuyahoga County Teachers' Association, Elsie L. Cleverdon, Secretary. RUTHERFORD, N. J., Rutherford Teachers' Association, Edna Cline Hamlon, Secretary. ST. LOUIS, Mo., St. Louis Froebel Society. SALISBURY, N. C., Salisbury City Teachers' Association, Carrie M. Roberts, Secretary. SANTA MONICA, CALIF., Santa Monica Teachers' Association, W. L. Mason, Secretary. SHELTON, CONN., Shelton Teachers' League, SPOKANE, WASH., Spokane Education Association, Olive G. Fisher, Secretary; Spokane Grade Teachers' Association, Margaret Richardson, President. SPRINGFIELD, ILL., Sangamon County Teachers' Association, Sue U. Stanton, Secretary. THOMPSONVILLE, CONN., Enfield Teachers' Association, Mabel E. Thomason, Secretary. TISHOMINGO, OKLA., Johnston County Education Association, W. C. Herring, President. UNIVERSITY, VA., General Faculty of the University of Virginia, Albert G. A. Bolz, Secretary. VINELAND, N. J., Vineland Teachers' Association, H. W. Weidner, Secretary-Treas urer. WALLA WALLA, WASH., Associated Teach ers of the City of Walla Walla, Ruth Ringhoffer, Secretary. WARRENSBURG, Mo., Teachers' Community Association, George R. Crissman, President. WASHINGTON, IND., Washington City Teachers' Association, R. N. Tirey, Superintendent. WESTON, W. Va., Lewis County Teachers' Institute, Clay Bailey, Secretary. YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, City Teachers' Association, H. K. Rayen. Completed Enrolments HE following schools have com THE KEARNEY, NEBR. Kearney City Schools, A. LA CROSSE, WIS. Hogan School, D. H. Public SEATTLE, WASH. Jefferson School, Mathilde McConeghy. SHILOH, N. J. Shiloh Schools, M. Kelton ST. CLAIR, MICH. St. Clair Public Schools, ST. LOUIS, Mo. Special School Number ST. PAUL, NEBR. St. Paul Public Schools, NOTES and ANNOUNCEMENTS Atlantic City Plan tive member of the Department of Su pleted their reports for one hun- WHEN President Kendall decided perintendence may between January first dred per cent membership enrolment in the National Education Association since the list was published in the October Bulletin: ALTOONA, PA. Curtin School, L. C. Smith, Principal; Emerson School, W. H. Burd, Principal; Franklin School, D. L. Hoffman, Principal; Penn School, D. L. Hoffman, Principal; Stevens School, H. C. Smith, Principal; Webster School, I. S. Wolcott, Principal. BAYONNE, N. J. Vocational Schools, M. BRIDGETON, N. J. Academy High School, Mark Brenner; Irving Avenue School, Emma Westcott, Principal; Monroe Street School, Horace M. Perry, Principal; South Avenue School, Norman A. Wright, Principal; Vine Street School, Clara T. Mulford, Principal. CHICAGO, ILL. American Library Association, Carl H. Milam, Secretary. CHILLICOTHE, Mo. Chillicothe Public Schools, A. L. Threlkeld, Superintendent. CLEVELAND, OHIO. Landon School, Susanna DELPHOS, OHIO. Delphos High School, GOLDFIELD, NEV. Goldfield Public Schools, to take the meeting of the Department of Superintendence to Atlantic City he agreed to comply with the rules of the Atlantic City Convention Bureau. All associations which hold their annual meetings at Atlantic City are required to comply with these same regulations. and February fifteenth of each year file with the Secretary of the National Education Association a nomination for each office in the Department, which nomination shall be placed upon the primary ballot. The plan provides that in each January issue of the National Education Association Bulletin the Secretary shall print a notice calling for nominations for the several offices of the Department of Superintendence. This statement will serve as such notice. The only rule which differs from the regulations which the Association has observed elsewhere is the one requiring members to put up at convention hotels. The names of these hotels are printed in the supplement to this number of the Journal. One who does not put up at a convention hotel is required to pay an additional $1.00 for the privilege of attending meetings on the Million-Dollar Pier. The local teachers pay this addi- HOTEL RESERVATIONS may tional $1.00 in order to do their part in paying for convention halls and other expenses of the meeting. There was some dissatisfaction over this requirement at the meeting of the Department of Superintendence in 1918 because the rule had not been fully explained beforehand. Practically every The officers of the Department are president, first vice-president, second vice-president and secretary. be had by writing Mr. R. S. Erlandson, Assistant Secretary, 1201 Sixteenth St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Many of the larger hotels are already booked full and some range of choice should be allowed in making requests. Mr. Erlandson will make special effort to accommodate members. desirable hotel of the city is in this list THIS NUMBER of the new Jour so that the plan will not likely inconvenience any member of the Association. Read the supplement to this number of the Journal. nal starts as Volume X, Number 1. It thus continues in the volume series of the Bulletin which it supersedes and the last number of which was December, 1920-Volume IX, Number 4. Beginning with the year 1921, the Journals for each calendar year will constitute a volume. The title page and index will be printed in the December number each year. Department of Superintendence Tentative Program for Its Meeting at Atlantic City, February 24—March 3, 1921 ten Open discussion, speakers limited to minutes, led by Ernest Burnham, State Normal School, Kalamazoo, Mich.; Elizabeth Kelly, Department of Education, Raleigh, N. C. Monday Afternoon February 28, 2:30 o'clock Ideals and Accomplishments of the School System I Represent. (Speakers limited to thirty minutes) H. S. Weet, Superintendent City Schools, Rochester, N. Y. Randall J. Condon, Superintendent City Schools, Cincinnati, Ohio. David B. Corson, Superintendent City Schools, Newark, N. J. Frank B. Cooper, Superintendent City Schools, Seattle, Wash. Open discussion, leaders limited to fifteen minutes, led by Frank Cody, Superintendent City Schools, Detroit, Mich. Monday Evening Nicholas Murray Butler, President Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (invited). Tuesday Morning Best Use of the Superintendent's Time (Speakers limited to thirty minutes) H. B. Wilson, Superintendent City Schools, Berkeley, Calif. Charl O. Williams, Superintendent City James H. Van Sickle, Superintendent City Open discussion, leaders limited to ten minutes each, led by Bennett B., Jackson, Superintendent City Schools, Minneapolis, Minn.; James O. Engleman, Superintendent City Schools, Decatur, Ill. First Business Meeting, 11:30 o'clock Tuesday Afternoon The Probable Future of Education in the (Speakers limited to thirty minutes) Frank E. Spaulding, Head of Department of Education, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. Lotus D. Coffman, President University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. M. L. Burton, President University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Henry Snyder, Superintendent City Schools, Jersey City, N. J. Open discussion, leaders limited to fifteen minutes, led by John W. Withers, Superintendent City Schools, St. Louis, Mo.; Robert J. Aley, President State University, Orono, Maine. Tuesday Evening Sir Auckland Geddes, Ambassador from Great Britain, Washington, D. C. (invited). Address H. M. Towner, Congressman from Iowa, Washington, D. C. Wednesday Morning March 2, 9:30 o'clock The Great Need of the Schools-Better Walter A. Jessup, President University of Zenos E. Scott, Superintendent City Schools, Louisville, Ky. Open discussion, speakers limited to twenty- Wednesday Afternoon Departmental Meetings Cities less than 50,000-Henry M. Maxson, Superintendent City Schools, Plainfield. N. J. Cities 50,000 to 250,000-Louis P. Benezet, Superintendent City Schools, Evansville, Ind. Cities 250,000 to 450,000-Joseph M. Gwinn, Superintendent City Schools, New Orleans, La. Cities 450,000 and up-William M. Davidson, Superintendent City Schools, Pittsburgh, Pa. Committee on Resolutions Henry S. West, Superintendent City Schools, Baltitmore, Md., Chairman. Frank V. Thompson, Superintendent City Schools, Boston, Mass. Carleton B. Gibson, Superintendent City Ira I. Cammack, Superintendent City George D. Strayer, Teachers' College, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. Wednesday Evening March 2, 8:00 o'clock P. P. Claxton, Commissioner of Education. Thursday Morning March 3, 9:30 o'clock How May the Public Understand What Service the School is Rendering the Community? Thomas E. Finegan, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Harrisburg, Pa. Local Influence of the Russell Sage Foundation Ranking of Montana's Educational System Edward C. Elliott, Chancellor University of Montana, Dillon, Montana. Final Business Meeting, 11:30 o'clock T Privileges of Membership HE platform of the National Education Association declares that every teacher should be a member of a local teachers' organization, a State teachers' association, and the National Association. To justify this assertion it must be shown that such membership will contribute to the welfare of the individual teacher, to the interests of teachers collectively, and to the cause of education. The advantages of membership in a local teachers' organization are so apparent that they need not be demonstrated. The teachers of a community have common interests and are confronted by common problems. They are generally quick to realize the benefits to be derived from good fellowship, common counsel, and united effort. They recog nize that the combined knowledge and strength of all will contribute to the success of each, promote the welfare of their entire group, and advance the interests of their profession. Likewise, the advantages of membership in the State association should be appreciated by every thoughtful teacher. Because of the territorial extent of the State, teachers cannot come into so close a relationship in the State association as in their local associations, but the educational problems of the State are of the highest importance to every teacher. The State is the source of educational authority. The laws under which public schools are organized and conducted are State laws. The teachers of a State must look to their legislature for the enactment of such statutes as will establish proper standards, furnish adequate support, and give just recognition to the teaching profession. Experience has demonstrated that a strong, effective An Editorial organization of the teachers of a State is essential not only to their welfare but to the cause of education. But what are the privileges and advantages of membership in the National Association? They are no less real and important than the benefits derived from membership in State and local publicity in the magazines and press of the country which no State or local association could possibly have obtained. Representatives of the National Association have appeared before State legislatures to assist in securing needed legislation, and have given direct assistance in local campaigns for higher salaries and higher standards. The best salary schedules and professional accomplishments of a State or community are immediately brought to the attention of the entire country by the National Association, so that all may share in the highest attainments of each. The influence of the National Education Association has been potent in developing and unifying educational standards and methods. throughout the country. Although there are forty-eight separate school systems in the United States, there is a marked uniformity in the essential elements of these different systems. This, admittedly, has been brought about largely through the meetings of the educators of the country in the National Association, and by the published reports of the committees of the association on educational problems. Through the National Association there has been developed a national consciousness in education, and a great educational program has been projected which is commanding nation-wide attention. Copyright, 1920, by N. Y. Evening Post, Inc., and used by their permission. The War and Navy Departments are asking Congress for more than Sixteen Hundred Million Dollars ($1,600,000,000), for the next fiscal year. The friends of education are asking for only one-sixteenth as much for education organizations. The National Association represents the unified ideals and tion represents the unified ideals and purposes of the teaching profession of the United States. The work of each State and local organization is promoted and supported by the combined influence of all as represented in the National Association. State and local campaigns to obtain higher salaries for teachers have had the effective support of a nation-wide campaign conducted by the National Association, with national The National Education Association is a federation of State and local associations. Through it they exert a united and national influence. Their programs become its program, their purposes its purposes. The policies of the National Association represent the collective will of the teachers of the Nation as determined by their chosen representatives. Every member of the National Association is kept in touch with its work through the JOURNAL, which now has a circulation of seventy-five thousand copies. An active member is privileged to attend all meetings of the Association and its departments, to hold office, to participate in its programs and in the election of the respective departmental officers, to vote for the election of dele gates to the Representative Assembly from the affiliated State and local associations to which such member may belong, and to take part in the discussions at the annual meetings of the Representative Assembly. But above all is the privilege of having some part with the organized teachers of the country in carrying forward a program for the advancement of the teaching profession and the promotion through education of the highest welfare of the Nation. Problems of Tenure' JOSEPH SWAIN President, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania HE unrest THE PRESENT in educar than three years and resulted tional affairs affords the teaching profession a unique opportunity for taking stock of itself and for considering the essential conditions that will make the profession attractive to new recruits, that will endow the profession with the dignity that it merits, and that will most satisfactorily promote the educational welfare of this country. The economic crisis through which we are now passing has necessarily directed and concentrated attention on the problem of salaries. But the problem is not merely one of raising salaries to meet the high cost of living; it is not merely a problem of economics. A statesmanlike and professional view of the situation must look to the future. Merely to increase salaries this year will not ensure the retention of able teachers or secure a constant flow of promising candidates into the teaching profession. Future prospects and status weigh as much or perhaps more than immediate. compensation in the choice of a vocation. Absence of rewards for experience and faithful service, unsatisfactory conditions of appointment and promotion, and lack of protection against disability or old age are strong factors in determining the kind of recruit that the teaching profession will obtain. The question of salaries has been adequately kept before the public by the National Education Association; the problem of pensions was the subject of discussion in this Committee for more 'Extract from the preliminary report on Tenure of Teachers by the Chairman of the Committee on Teachers' Salaries, Tenure and Pensions, delivered before the National Council of Education, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 6, 1920. The full report will appear in the 1920 Volume of Proceedings. than three years and resulted in the Report on Pensions for Public School Teachers prepared by the Carnegie Foundation. On the third fundamental condition of service, tenure, much has been written and somewhat extensive statistics have been published, but no concerted investigation of the subject. has yet been made. Thus although it has yet been made. Thus although it is known that 125,000 teachers annually leave the profession, a study has not been made of the laws governing the appointment and dismissal of teachers. While the subject of tenure has been adequately settled in the civil service, in the teaching profession the theory that should underlie tenure has not yet been discussed. The prevailing practice may be sound, but there are no standards by which it can be measured. The subject is a delicate one but it is fundamental to the efficiency of the schools. While intimately associated with the question of salaries and pensions, it is also closely allied to the problem of professional preparation of teachers, since uncertainty of tenure will not warrant intending teachers in undertaking lengthy preparation. Although the situation in the matter of tenure has improved considerably in recent years, this only means that there have been fewer cases of unjust dismissals or of oppressive treatment. The question of tenure is determined mainly by two factors: satisfactory compensation and the provisions of the school laws. Other factors, such as equipment and housing, conditions of supervision and relations with the administrative authorities, the conditions of service. generally, play an important part but are generally subconscious and intangible. Judged from the standpoints of these two conditions-compensation and school legislation-the situation cannot be viewed with satisfaction. While custom and practice have moved in the direction of stability and permanence, the salary inducements have not kept pace. The result is seen in the tremendous shifting of the teaching population each year-and this not merely among rural-school or classroom teachers. Under present conditions teachers and administrative officers cannot be blamed if they see that the only line of advancement for them lies in change of position. President Coffman in a recent report concluded that we have 125,000 vacancies annually. It is generally assumed that this condition does not apply to administrative and supervisory officers, but another study by President Jessup shows that the median tenure of superintendents is less than three years and that from one-third to two-thirds of the principalships in some states are vacant each year. An efficient school system cannot be built upon such a foundation. The administrative and supervisory officer cannot develop a suitable program and policy if he changes his position every three years; the classroom teacher cannot realize the cumulative benefit of experience if she has her eye on a new position for the coming year. Improved conditions can only be secured by better remuneration and advancement in the position held. An adequate solution of the problems of tenure accordingly involves a number of other factors for which answers are now being sought: 1. What should be the preliminary professional training of teachers? 2. How shall teachers be certificated, locally or by the State? If by the State, what sort of State authority should assume the duty? 3. Is the practice of annual elections, "our barbarous school guillotine," as it has been called, in the interests either of educational efficiency or of the professional growth of the teachers? 4. Assuming that the practice of annual elections is inefficient and wasteful, should appointments be for a term of years or on an indefinite tenure during good behavior and efficient service? 5. Should indefinite tenure be preceded by a period of probationary service? 6. In adopting indefinite tenure how can schools be protected against the incompetent or the unprogressive teacher? 7. What is the relation between a sound system of tenure, salary scales, and pensions? |