Liberia.-Treaty of October 21, 1862, proclaimed March 18, 1863, (12 Stat., 1245.)

Madagascar.-By treaty of February 14, 1867, proclaimed October 1, 1868, (15 Stat., Treaties, p. 15.)

Mecklenburg-Schwerin.-Accession to above treaty with Hanover of June 10, 1846, under its 12th article, December 9, 1847, proclaimed August 2, 1848, (9 Stat., 910.)

Mexico.-Treaty April 5, 1831, (8 Stat., 410.) Revived by the 17th article of the treaty of February 2, 1848, (9 Stat., 922.) Treaty of December 30, 1853. President's proclamation June 30, 1854, (10 Stat., 1031.)

Netherlands.-Treaty August 26, 1852, proclaimed February 26, 1853, (10 Stat., 982.)

New Grenada.-Treaty of December 12, 1846, proclamation June 12, 1848, (9 Stat., 881.) Consular Convention May 4, 1850, proclamation December 5, 1851, (10 Stat., 900.) Nicaragua.-Treaty of June 21, 1867, proclaimed August 13, 1868, (15 Stat.) By the same treaty, the right of transit is granted to the United States and their citizens through Nicaragua, between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

North German Union.-Same as Prussia and Hanseatic towns.

Norway. (See Sweden and Norway.)

Oldenburg-Accession to the above treaty with Hanover of June 10, under its 12th article, March 10, 1847, (9 Stat., 868.)

Ottoman Empire.-Treaty February 25, 1862, proclaimed July 2, 1862, (12 Stat., 1213.)

Paraguay.-Treaty of February 4, 1859, proclaimed March 12, 1860, (12 Stat., 1091.)

Portugal.-Act of May 24, 1828, (4 Stat., 308,) and President's proclamation February 25, 1871, (16 Stat., 1137.) Prussia.-Treaty May 1, 1828, proclaimed March 14, 1829, (8 Stat., 378.) See also "German Empire," above.

Russia.-Treaty April 5-17, 1824, proclaimed January 12, 1826, (8 Stat., 302.) Treaty December 6-18, 1832, proclaimed May 11, 1833, (8 Stat., 444.) Convention July 22, 1854, (rights of neutrals at sea,) proclaimed November 1, 1854, (10 Stat., 1105.)

Sandwich Islands.-(See Hawaiian Islands.)

San Salvador.-Treaty at Leon, January 2, 1850, proclaimed April 18, 1853, (10 Stat., 891.)

Siam.-Treaty of May 29, 1856, proclaimed August 16, 1858, (11 Stat., 683.) American vessels enjoy all the priv ileges exercised by Siamese or Chinese vessels or junks. Spain. With exceptions as to importations from Cuba and Porto Rico. (See "Third Class," below.)

Sweden and Norway.-Treaty July 4, 1827, proclaimed January 19, 1828, (8 Stat., 346.) Act of May, 31, 1830.

Swedish vessels from the island of St. Bartholomew are placed on an equal footing with those of the United States by the above treaty.

Venezuela.-Treaty of August 27, 1860, proclaimed September 25, 1861, (12 Stat., 1143.)

Second Class.

Art. 276. Vessels belonging to the following nations are admitted into the United States ports, as respects tonnage or navigation duties, on the same terms as vessels of the United States, with the produce or manufactures of their own or any other country. Their cargoes, when consisting of the products or manufactures of their own countries respectively, are exempt from discriminating impost duties under the 17th section of the act of June 30, 1864, unless otherwise specially indicated.

Costa Rica.-Treaty July 10, 1851, proclaimed May 26, 1852, (10 Stat., 916.)

NOTE.-By a decree of August 31, 1854, the local commercial legislation of Costa Rica was completely remodelled and materially modified. Liberty of commerce to the vessels of all nations is granted; certain descriptions of merchandise monopolized by the government, and other descriptions which are prohibited, being specified.

Muscat.-Treaty September 21, 1833, proclaimed June 24, 1837, (8 Stat., 458.)

Cargoes of vessels of Muscat, even though of the products or manufacture of that country, are subject to the discriminating impost duty of ten per cent.

Portugal.-Treaty August 26, 1840, proclaimed April 24, 1841, (8 Stat., 560.)

Third Class.

Art. 277. Vessels belonging to the following nations, with which the United States have commercial relations, are not referable to either of the preceding classes. A discriminating duty of ten per cent. on their cargoes, under the 17th section of the tariff act of 1864, and tonnage duty at alien rates, pursuant to article 164, in addition to the

DESTY C. & N.-33.

ordinary annual tonnage tax, must be imposed in all cases unless otherwise indicated below.

Art. 278. Borneo. - Convention June 23, 1850, proclaimed July 12, 1854, (10 Stat., 909.) Under this treaty, no duty exceeding one dollar per registered ton is levied on vessels of the United States entering the ports of Borneo, the said tonnage duty being in lieu of all other charges or duties whatsoever.

Art. 279. China.-Commerce with the ports of Canton, Chau-chau, or Swatow, Amoy, Fuh-chau, Tai-wan, Ningpo, and Shanghai, treaty of June 18, 1858, proclaimed January 26, 1860, (12 Stat., 1023.) A tonnage duty is levied on all vessels of the United States entering either of these ports, as follows: On those of 150 tons and under, one mace per ton, and on those of 150 tons, four maces per ton of forty cubic feet. A mace is equal to 141⁄2 cents.

Art. 280. France.-Treaty June 24, 1822, proclaimed February 12, 1823. By the President's proclamation of December 28, 1866, French vessels entering ports of the United States, after January 1, 1867, were relieved from discriminating tonnage duties, and by that of June 12, 1869, the exemption from discriminating impost duties on importations in French vessels from France and its dependencies, was extended to merchandise imported in such vessels from the country of its origin. But by the further proclamation of the President of October 30, 1872, the discriminating duty of ten per centum ad valorem, prescribed by the 17th section of the act of June 30, 1864, was directed to be collected upon all merchandise imported in French vessels from countries other than France; but no discrimination is to be made against the products of other countries, so imported from France in French vessels.

Art. 281. Lew-Chew, royal Government of.-Compact July 11, 1854, proclaimed March 9, 1855, (10 Stat., 1101.)

Vessels of the United States may be admitted into any of the ports of Lew-Chew, and purchases may be freely made, from either the officers or people of the island, of wood, water, or any other articles." At the harbor of Napa, wood is to be furnished by the officers at the rate of three thousand six hundred copper cash for one thousand catties; and water at the rate of six hundred copper cash (43 cents) for one thousand catties, or six barrels full, each containing thirty gallons.

Skilful pilots will be provided to conduct vessels of the

United States into the port of Napa, at a compensation of five dollars, to be paid to the pilot by the captain of the vessel, for such service.

Art. 282. Morocco.-Treaty of September 16, 1836, proclaimed January 30, 1837, (8 Stat., 484.)

United States vessels are permitted to put into any port for provisions, supplies, or repairs, and to land and reload their cargoes without paying any duty whatever. American commerce is placed on the same footing as that of Spain or the most favored nation for the time being.

Art. 283. Persia.-Under treaty of December 13, 1856, proclaimed August 18, 1857, (11 Stat., 709,) citizens of the United States and subjects of Persia may reciprocally bring by land or by sea into, or export from, either country all kinds of merchandise and products; and sell, exchange, or buy and transport the same to all places therein, subject, however, to the laws of the country in which such commerce is carried on. Any other privilege concerning such internal commerce in future granted to any other nation by either party, to be also granted to the merchants. of either nation engaged in such internal commerce with-in the territories of the other. Import and export duties. to be on the footing of the most favored nation; and no exceptional tax under any name or pretext whatever to be collected in either country on the merchandise or products. of the other. Cargoes of Persian products and manufactures are therefore exempt from díscriminating impost duties.

Art. 284. Spain. -Act of March 1, 1869.

Under the act of March 1, 1869, and by reason of the subsequent action of the Spanish government, all discriminating tonnage duties on Spanish vessels have been discontinued, whether they come from the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico or from elsewhere. By proclamation of the President dated December 19, 1871, merchandise imported into the United States in Spanish vessels, from elsewhere than the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico, was also relieved from the discriminating impost duty of ten per centum ad valorem which had previously been collected under the 17th section of the act of June 30, 1864. Upon merchandise brought from Cuba and Poto Rico in Spanish vessels this discriminating impost duty still attaches.

A Spanish vessel leaving a port of Spain for a port in Cuba, but not finding there a satisfactory market, proceeding without breaking bulk or taking in any goods at

said island, to a port in the United States, would not, nor her cargo, on entry be subject to any other or higher duties of tonnage or imposts than she would be if coming direct from a port of Spain to the United States; the voyage, under the circumstances, being regarded as continuous.

Art. 285. Swiss Confederation.-Convention November 25, 1850, proclaimed November 9, 1855, (11 Stat., 587.)

By this convention it is stipulated in the 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th articles that in all that relates to the importation, exportation, and transit of their respective products, the United States and the said Confederation shall treat each other reciprocally as the most favored nation, union of nations, state, or society. Neither of the contracting parties to impose any higher or other duties upon the importation, exportation, or transit of the natural or industrial productions of the other, than are or shall be payable upon the like articles, being the produce of any other country, not embraced within its present limits. Each of the contracting parties engaging itself not to grant any favor in commerce to any nation, union of nations, state, or society, which shall not immediately be enjoyed by the other party; and should one of the contracting parties impose differential duties upon the products of any nation, the other party to be at liberty to determine the manner of establishing the origin of its own products destined to enter the country by which the differential duties are imposed.

By the 12th article of the convention it is provided that no port of the United States shall be closed to articles arriving from Switzerland when conveyed in vessels of the United States, or in vessels of any country having free access to the ports of said States. Swiss merchandise, therefore, arriving under the flag of the United States, or under that of one of the nations most favored by them, is to pay the same duties as the merchandise of such nation. Under any other flag it is to be treated as the merchandise of the country to which the vessel belongs.

In accordance with these stipulations it has been decided that Swiss goods imported in French vessels are not liable to discriminating duty, no such duty being chargeable on the products or manufactures of France, when directly imported from that country.

Art. 286. Tripoli.-By treaty of June 4, 1805, (8 Stat., 214,) vessels are to be reciprocally subject to the same duties and charges and enjoy the same privileges as the most favored nation, and must be provided with proper passports.