erty at not exceeding two-thirds of its value. The amount carried, as hereinbefore reported, is well within this limit. We do not favor a special appropriation for the payment of premiums. New buildings are constantly being built and the amount of insurance to be carried is correspondingly increased. It is difficult to estimate the amount required without making it larger than necessary in order to meet contingencies. We therefore recommend that Section 1901, of the Revised Laws 1905, be so amended as to provide for the payment of insurance premiums out of funds in the state treasury not otherwise appropriated.

In our last biennial report we said upon the subject of state insurance: "We believe it to be a sound business policy on the part of the State to keep its property insured in a reasonable amount, and so recommend." We still adhere to that opinion and recommendation.

THE INDETERMINATE SENTENCE.

"The indeterminate sentence in its broadest sense, as I understand it, is a sentence imposed on all convicted of crime whether first offenders or not, the crime of murder excepted, leaving the time limit to be tentatively determined later on, or after the offender (not the crime) has been carefully studied and analyzed by a competent tribunal."

"Probation, or parole, cannot be scientifically applied to the convicted criminal save and except through the indeterminate sentence."

"Probation is conformity to the law of humanity, the law of the universe, to the law of the Creator. Every human being born into this. world is a fresh experiment of God. Every human being born to this world presents a novel problem of destiny, to be solved by future events, and those future events, by the decree of the Creator, depend upon the will, the action, the life, the voluntary work of the being himself. Every human being placed upon earth is placed on probation, to work out his own destiny under the supervision of the Supreme Probation Officer of the universe."

The quotations cited are from a paper read by the Warden of the Minnesota State Prison before the fifteenth annual meeting of the Minnesota State Conference of Charities and Correction.

With the views expressed the Superintendent of the Reformatory thoroughly agrees. Students of penology are, we believe, strongly in favor of this system of sentencing violators of the law.

"It is generally admitted that imprisonment has fundamentally a two-fold object, viz.: the protection of society first, and second the reformation of the criminal, and that all other phases of the crime problem center around and must be in favor of or against the accomplishment of this two-fold purpose."

If these two objects can be better attained by an advance upon the reformatory sentence and the parole system as at present in force in this state, then it would seem to be our duty to take the additional step suggested. Public opinion must always be taken into account in a move of this kind, hence we would recommend that a legislative committee be appointed, or, if preferable, a mixed commission consisting of men who have made this subject a matter of study; such committee or commission to report on the matter at the next session of the Legislature.

PAROLE-GOOD TIME.

That section of the statutes relating to good time allowance (Sec. 5445, Revised Laws 1905) as construed by the Attorney General in an opinion rendered May 2, 1904, does not permit a convict to earn "good time" while on parole.

It is believed by those charged with the administration of the parole law that good conduct while on parole should have its reward and encouragement as well as good conduct while in confinement; that reward of merit of this kind would tend to keep the paroled convict cheerful and hopeful, and would thus prevent many lapses and breaches of the rules. This will particularly be true of long-time convicts who have been paroled after serving half the time, as provided in Sec. 5452, Revised Laws 1905.

We would recommend the enactment of an amendment to Sec. 5445, permitting convicts to earn good time while on parole under rules to be adopted by the State Board of Control.

AFTER-CARE OF THE INSANE.

The State Agency System in caring for paroled inmates of the Prison. and Reformatory, and for children from the Training School, and the placing of indigent children in homes, and their after-care, is a demonstrated success. There is a movement to extend this system to care for the patients on parole and those who have been discharged from our institutions for the insane. I desire to quote from a paper read at the Conference of Charities and Correction in Portland, Oregon, 1905.

"This is a subject whose importance has not been appreciated in this country, and yet a moment's consideration would show us that of the large number recovering and going out into the world from our insane hospitals, there must be a great proportion for whom the renewal of the struggle for existence is peculiarly difficult, and for whom timely assistance would make all the difference between a more or less speedy relapse, or prolonged and permanent good health.

"From 25 to 35 per cent of the patients annually discharged are reported recovered; amounting to scores and even hundreds in our more populous states; of whom a very small proportion possess any adequate. means of subsistence without toiling for their daily bread. Moreover, there is quite an additional percentage of patients who remain for years and sometimes permanently in the hospitals because they cannot be sent out; a little friendly care and oversight of whom would put them in a self-supporting position, and thus make room in the crowded wards for

new cases.

"The objects which suitable assistance and after-care would secure would be:

"1. The permanent restoration of many cases that relapse, and self-support instead of public support, for years or a lifetime.

The return to useful activity of many who remain permanently in the asylum who could care for themselves if they could get a start.'" We desire to call your attention to a paper from which the above is a quotation, entitled, "The Assistance of Destitute Convalescent and Recovered Patients, Discharged from Hospitals for Insane," page 339, Conference of Charities and Correction, Portland, Oregon, 1905. We believe this subject to be entitled to the earnest attention of the Legislature. and would suggest the appointment of a special committee to look into the matter and to report such action as they deem expedient.

ASSOCIATIONS FOR RECEIVING CHILDREN.

Pursuant to the provisions contained in Section 11 of Chapter 285 of the General Laws of 1905 (See page 33 of this Report), the following named institutions have made application to this Board and have been granted certificate to receive and care for children, the date of the application and issuance of the certificate being shown in the following table:

CONDEMNATION OF TUBERCULAR CATTLE.

The Live Stock Sanitary Board has inspected the herds at the various state institutions with the result that 13 cows were condemned at Anoka; 75 at Fergus Falls; 1 at Rochester, 31 at St. Peter, and 2 at Red Wing. These condemnations did not take place wholly within the biennial period, but that is the result up to the date of writing this report.

QUARTERLY CONFERENCES WITH SUPERINTENDENTS.

The quarterly conferences with the superintendents have been continued, and are believed to be of much value to the heads of the various institutions, as well as to the members of the Board. These conferences partake of the nature of a friendly debating society, and questions of the utmost importance to the various institutions and their inmates are discussed. From both an ethical and business standpoint these conferences are of great value to the state.

The matters discussed at these conferences are deemed of such value to the general public that it has been decided to publish a full account of them, giving in full the papers read and such portion of the discussionas may be considered valuable. A committee composed of superintendents has been appointed to edit this publication, which will be issued soon under the title, "Journal of the Quarterly Conferences of the Heads of the State Institutions Under the State Board of Control."

CHANGES IN THE PERSONNEL OF THE BOARD.

On January 1, 1904, Hon. J. F. Jacobson, of Madison, Lac qui Parle County, was appointed to serve out the unexpired term of Hon. James A. Martin. Mr. Jacobson retired at the expiration of this term, April 3, 1905.

On the same day Mr. L. A. Rosing, of Cannon Falls, Goodhue County, became a member of the Board by appointment for the full term of six years.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

We desire at this time to express our appreciation of the loyal support given to this Board by the superintendents of the various state institutions under its charge. They have given to the State true service, and we confidently believe that no state has a higher type of men in these positions or men who are capable of a more thorough conception of their humanitarian and economic responsibility to society.

To the office force, who have so loyally served the State, and whose

courtesy to the members of the Board has been unfailing, we extend our most hearty personal thanks.

In closing we extend to the Governor and the executive officers of the state our appreciation of the support that we have received and the counsel and advice which has been freely given whenever asked for.

BUILDINGS AND BETTERMENTS.

ANOKA STATE ASYLUM.

The past two years has seen the completion of Cottage No. 1, to which 50 women patients were transferred from St. Peter August 29, 1905.

The new laundry building has been finished and equipped, as well as the new Power Plant and Water Tower, and tunnels connecting the Main Building with the Laundry, Power Plant and Cottage.

A greenhouse 40x17% feet, of modern construction, has been completed.

A system of fire protection has been installed in the Main Building. Cottage No. 2 for women patients is rapidly nearing completion, and, like Cottage No. 1, is of fireproof construction. This building is practically a duplicate of Cottage No. 1.

A new Root Cellar and Carpenter Shop have been built, and are now in use.

The Administration Building has been remodeled by being raised one story and extended 20 feet to the front. It is not quite completed, but probably will be before the meeting of the Legislature.

An Assembly Hall was not constructed at this institution as at Hastings, as the one at the latter institution was not deemed quite satisfactory or safe. Hence a certain proportion of the appropriation of $15,000 was reserved and request will be made for an additional appropriation to erect a separate building for that purpose.

HASTINGS STATE ASYLUM.

Since our last report the Lighting Plant, Laundry and Woman's Cottage No. 1 have been completed according to contract.

The inmates of the institution, with the superintendence of one man, have constructed from reinforced concrete 1,693 feet of tunnel, part of it being 6x5 feet, and a portion 6x8 feet. This tunnel is a splendid piece of work, and being built in the manner indicated saved the State thousands of dollars.

On September 2, 1905, Cottage No. 1 referred to was occupied by 50 women patients, who were transferred from the Rochester State Hospital.