ially on land made by filling in parts of the bay, suffered most from the earthquake.

Crustal Movements. The line along which the movement has been. observed to have taken place, has a length of about 190 miles. Its position and direction are shown on the map (Fig. 1). Note that in places the line is on the land, and in other places under the sea, the latter being true in the vicinity of San Francisco.

The position of this line on the surface is often strikingly conspicuous. It manifests itself by cracks, and also by vertical and horizontal displacements. The cracks may be a foot wide, sometimes more. At places, the crack is single; at other points it divides and reunites; at other places still, short cracks run off from the main crack.

Sometimes and for a considerable distance, no crack at all is found. This may mean that the crack was closed immediately after formation, or it may be that the crack did not reach the surface, though its existence in the underlying rocks can hardly be doubted.

The vertical movement or dislocation was smaller than the horizontal one. North of San Francisco, the land on the west side of the fault line is found in some places two or three feet higher than that on the east side (Fig. 2), but whether the land on the west side rose or that on the east side sank, cannot be stated at the present time.

Possibly, both sides took part in the movement, the land rising on the west side of the fault line and sinking on the east side.

South of San Francisco, conditions are reversed; that is, the land on the east side of the fault line stands two or three feet higher than that on the west side.

The horizontal movement was greatest to the north, amounting to about 16 feet. While far to the south the movement was only about 18 inches. At present, we cannot say whether the land on the east side of the fault line remained quiet and the land on the west side moved north, or whether the land on the west side remained quiet and the land on the east side moved south. Perhaps each side moved and in opposite directions.

Where the fault line crossed hills, landslides were common (Fig. 4). These swept everything before them. At one place a large saw-mill, located in a narrow valley, and nine workman were buried beneath 125 feet of earth, the result of two landslides, one on each side of the valley.

It might be expected that a fault of this magnitude would have a marked effect on wells and springs, by interfering with underground streams. The writer has heard of a case or two of this sort, but the results appear to be much less important than might be expected.

Effects on Works of Man. Wherever the fault line crossed a

fence, the latter may have been thrown out of line at the place of intersection with the fault (Fig. 5). The amount of dislocation might equal the maximum horizontal displacement, that is, about 16 feet. In a similar way, public roads have occasionally been thrown out of line and at the same time further destroyed by vertical displacements (Figs. 2, 3). If the fault passed under a bridge, the latter was destroyed or badly damaged. similar manner, railroad tracks were thrown out of line, and trestles twisted or knocked down. At one or more places the fault line crossed the San Francisco water mains, producing results which need not be described here.

In a

Where the fault crossed a railroad at a small angle the effect was different. In this case, a buckling or arching of the rails was produced. At one place the fault crossed one of the San Francisco water mains at a small angle, and as a result the main was broken, and then one of the fractured ends forced over another, that is telescoped.

If buildings of any sort chanced to be located on the fault, they were destroyed. If near the fault, the re

sults may have been as bad or nearly so. Trees suffered in a similar way. Often they were thrown down, but if directly on the fault line they may have been split. The writer remembers seeing a small fence post split nearly to the top, and a nearby stump affected in the same manner. Both, of course,. stood directly on the fault line.

Final Word. The total vertical displacement along the old fault line is very large. One cannot think of this as having been made at one time. Doubtless, the displacement is the result of many movements separated by periods of unequal length, and occupying in the aggregate, a long period. Each of these movements may have produced an earthquake, and some of the shocks may have been more severe than the recent one.

Now as to the future! The writer being neither a prophet nor the son of a prophet, can say but little about the future. It seems reasonable to conclude that the recent crustal movements have given relief from the accumulated stresses and strains. If so, the immediate future appears. safe.

It was just after recess one damp, dark day the last of September that

the "Triangle" first proved trouble-It was to be expected that

some.

all the other pupils would fidget and become cross when they were tired but Helen, Marjorie and Ivan had never before been what their teacher irreverently called many of the budding intelligences committed to her care "Nuisances." "The Triangle is all right," Miss Alton had said several times with an unthinking lapse into the slang that frequent hearing had made easy. "Why do I call them the 'Triangle?' cause they work at cross purposes? Not at all. They are the best of friends. I call them that because they all stick together and yet no one is ever pulled away from his purpose by the strong individuality of the other."

Be

Today individuality did not seem to be lacking if by that one means persistence in one's own purpose. Ivan began it by saying, "John told me lungs are soft, pink things, are they?" Before she could answer Marjorie was crying and the unusual sight quite drove Ivan's question from Miss Alton's mind. "Marjorie, what is the matter?" Now recess was just over and any calamity might have befallen her.

"Ivan said I was like jelly inside and I won't be all horrid and sticky."

Was there ever such a predicament? Miss Alton mentally wished that big brother John could find some way of satisfying the curiosity of Ivan without starting such abstruse questions as anatomy, with which she felt ill able to cope, for

she remembered dismally the violent contortions indulged in to prove whether there really was a "hinge" in the wrist and the note she had received from an angry mother was still a source of amusement to her intellect and of keen mortification to her feelings. The hinge debate was at its height when the following note arrived:

"Miss Alton, please don't go ateachin my children thers hinges. in em for there aint and I cant have em aspillin my machine oil over the floor and there clothes atryin to make em run smoother the way pa done the door.

Respec.

MRS. TRUDY. "Now." thought Miss Alton, "some one will be writing to know about this jelly business." But dismal thoughts were little to the purpose for Frank, Ivan's nearest neighbor, had found out from hurried questioning where these just heard of lungs were supposed to be and was sticking his finger down his throat in an effort to feel them while Helen, who saw Marjorie crying, immediately began that wail of "I want my Ethel, I do," which had been the bane of Miss Alton's existence the first week that the timid child had been in school and separated from both mother and the big sister who had always been her pro

tector.

A good shake to inquisitive Ivan, who was now inflating and contracting his chest to see if he could

squeeze his lungs until they hurt, would have relieved her feelings but would scarcely assuage the terrors aroused in the children's breasts.

Suddenly she remembered an amusing passage in one of the modern novels she always found a spare minute for, despite the outcry raised against them, and with a smile an older person would have interpreted as half amusement and half interest in the problem to be met, she said, "I am not going to answer Ivan's question just now, and don't cry Marjorie, for I am ready to tell you a story of 'Three Gentlemen of High Degree' of whom I read last night. You know all gentlemen are busy these days and can't spare the time to play and neither can these three I heard of. Do you know what the Siamese twins were? No? Come, Jessie and Alice, stand here a minute and I'll show you."

Then when the two little girls were side by side, she showed how the two people were fastened together and always had to help each other.

"The twins I want to tell you about lived in a little room way up in a little tall house. How busy they were all day, for this queer little room they lived in had a breeze blowing through it and they kept turning something red over and over until the air had blown out all the dust and then they sent that downstairs and some more red stuff came up again and they did just

the same with that. But one day the breeze didn't blow through very well and part of the dust stuck and one queer little man said to the other, 'Somebody must have shut one of the windows up farther because the wind can't get in and and blow the dust away.' The other little man answered. 'If we were like other people we could go up and open the windows again but we can't either of us get away and must just do the best we can.' So they tried with all their might but it was so hot and close that pretty soon they grew tired and no matter how they toiled, those ugly dark spots stayed and they couldn't make the pretty, bright red show again. It wasn't very long before the man downstairs saw how ugly the part that came back to him looked. You see he stayed down there and pumped and pumped all day to make the dark blood (Miss Alton had not meant to say that, but it slipped out and Ivan, who had looked puzzled brightened up as though he guessed now what it was all about but Miss Alton went on just the same). He pumped all day to make the ugly dark stuff go up and when he saw it come down again no cleaner than it went up, he said, 'What's the use of trying? I'm not going to work all day for nothing.'

"So he pumped slower and slower until before long the funny little twins upstairs had not nearly

enough to turn over and it was very hard to make their machines run

right when they were almost empty so they called down 'Old gentleman down there, send us more red to air or we can not do our work promptly. But the old gentleman answered, 'It's all so dusty and heavy when it comes back that my pump will hardly work at all and I can't send you any more.'

"The poor twins said, 'Why don't you go up and open the windows for us. Our room is too little and unless we have plenty of room we can't get the dust out.' Then the old gentleman answered, I must stay at my pump and keep on working and his voice sounded so tired that the twins just worked and worked but could not get any one at all to help them."

Miss Alton paused and then added, "I wonder how many of you people would like to help the poor little twins."

All the hands went up of course (they wanted something to do, too) and Miss Alton said musingly, "Now, how are we to find these twins?"

Ivan never paused for permission but jumped clear out of her seat as she said, "I know, I know, you said blood and John told me the heart pumped the blood up and the lungs cleaned it."

"Yes," Miss Alton answered with a laugh, "the lungs are the funny little twin-men who live up at the top of the house. Now, where are they?" She tapped her chest and all of the children delightedly lifted

theirs. "See," she cried, "you are all making the rooms larger for the twins. Come stand up and breathe hard. That will make good breezes for the twins to turn the blood in."

They all sprang up and for a few moments tried so hard to "let the breezes in" that more than one face was purple from the violent efforts and an observant little mite pressed her hand to her head throbbing from the greater flow of blood with the remark, "I guess I don't want such hard breezes. They make me dizzy."

Forty flushed little folks sat down just as the music teacher came to hear the songs made vigorous by deep breathing. The supervisor had been standing quietly in the back of the room and now left with Miss Alton who usually took a few minutes' rest while Miss Martin had the children.

"How did you think of all this? she inquired.

"It's not original," laughed Miss Alton. "Don't you remember in "People of the Whirlpool" the reference to the "Three Gentlemen of High Degree" who do our work for us, the lungs, Siamese twins, the heart and the lazy liver, which lay on its side and groaned because of coffee for breakfast. I just used the first part and made a story out of that sentence."

"The question is how much the children will remember," rejoined the other thoughtfully.