And we will keep right on. And all the people far and near, in

sunshine or in rain, Rejoice to see our cleaner streets,

and find the reason plain; We children take a hand to keep our thoroughfares so clean

And we will keep right on.

The Journal of Pedagogy says, “American Literary Masters is the only book of its kind on American literature in existence. It is a masterpiece itself. It is not a mere history of American literature; it is a study of the men who have made literature and of the literature they have made."

It would be well if every teacher in Ohio would become thoroughly acquainted with the machinery of our state government, and this can be done in a very short time by using "The Government of Ohio," by Prof. W. W. Boyd, High School Inspector of Ohio State University. The book is published by Silver, Burdett & Co., 378 Wabash Ave., Chicago.

-Every teacher should read at least three times the closing paragraph of Supt. Vance's excellent article which we publish in this issue. That is the true gospel of progress put in excellent form.

Supt. Chas. Haupert of Wooster is teaching in the summer school at Ohio State University and is winning friends all the while.

Chicago, have just published a little book that will appeal strongly to teachers in country districts. The title is "A Country Reader," and the city boys and girls could read it with profit as well as pleasure. It sells for 40 cents.

THE TEACHER.

She must know more, do more,. be more, and endure more than any other bread-winner. She must know everything in heaven above, the earth beneath and the waters. under the earth. She receives no special credit for knowing them, but woe be to her if she knows them not.

She must teach the three "R's" as in the olden times, but mark the additions.

She must teach physiology with all the skill of a physician, but without his opportunities for hiding his mistakes.

She must teach civics with all the

learning of a lawyer, but without his library.

She must teach virtue and godliness with all the zeal of a minister, but without the Bible or his sectarian bias.

Under the title of "Nature Lessons" she much teach the elements of all the sciences known to man, but unlike her sister in the high school, she must do it without a text book.

She must teach music, drawing, penmanship, and physical culture. with the ability of a specialist, but

must give the supervision all the credit for success attained.

She must give direct instructions in morals and manners or the school will go to the demnition bow-wows.

She must teach the effects of alcohol and narcotics with all the enthusiasm of the original investigator, the laboratory methods of the expert chemist, and the blind devotion of the religious zealot.

She must teach business forms, business usages, short cuts, and brief methods with all the knowledge of a bookkeeper, or the schools are impracticable.

She must teach spelling as of old, but must make her own book, having the pupils copy it each day as she goes along with no knowledge of what has proceeded or what is to follow, to the end that all of her hours out of school may be fully employed, and that she may have no time for recreation or frivolous amusements.

She must do a continuous performance in the line of new and untried theories which she well knows are impractical and worthless, to keep things stirred up for fear some one may be called an old fogy.

She must spend from eight to ten hours a day in the unwholesome atmosphere of a poorly ventilated school-room, and one or two hours more in selecting material and copying it on the board, to be again copied by the children, thus exhausting her vitality and ruining

the eyesight of her pupils to please the fool fancy of some sap-headed superintendent who thinks he is carrying out some original scheme.

She must try and continue to try silly experiments of young and callow principals who are learning the business empirically, and with whom she dare not differ.

She must be present at innumerable teachers' meetings; called often without plan or purpose, without leadership or direction, without beginning or end, and with no visible earthly object except to consume time and "have a meeting."

She must at her own expense attend institutes and associations, listen to long-winded theorists, dryas-dust professors, sentimental idiots, enthusiastic promoters, visionary reformers, shrewd self-advertisers, persistent hobby-riders, and educational mountebanks only to attend the next meeting and hear a new crop of theorists with a job lot of contradictions, a series of orders and counter orders which would bewilder the most astute philosopher.

She must govern wild and wicked children even when parents fail. She must be wise as Solomon, patient as Job, strong and enduring as Caesar, tender as Maecenas, and more even tempered than the Almighty, for the Almighty was "wroth with the wicked" when he punished them, but a teacher who punishes in anger is guilty of assault. She must be a model of pro

priety in all things, for are not the eves of the whole community upon her? She must know the usages of the world and society, but must stand aloof from both. She must have humility, confidence, infinite tact, perfect health, common sense in abundance, a modicum of wit, a world of wisdom, and a little wickedness. She must endure the foul air, the nerve-racking confusion, and the thousand annoyances of the school room. She must submit to the thoughtless criticisms of the igorant, the unjust abuse of disappointed parents, the blandishments. of those who would help their childiren by patronizing attentions to the teacher, and the domineering dictation of self-seeking politicians.

She must spend hours upon hours devising lesson plans, making reports, compiling statistics, striking balances and averages, figuring standings, correcting countless papers and tabulating foolish answers to silly questions with the machinelike expertness of a trained accountant to make more formidable and less readable the superintendent's report, and impress a confiding and gullible public with the complicated machinery necessary to a system of public schools.

And for all this she receives a salary which enables her to live in poverty, on the charity of her friends, on a rare and hard-earned pension, or on the bequest of some philanthropist if she grows old,

falls ill, offends the powers that be or loses her pull.

I knock on the pupil who annoys her, on the superintendent who overworks her, on the parent who ignorantly criticises her, on the politician who patronizes her, on the paragrapher who satirizes her, on the alleged funny man who makes sport of her, on the school board that underpays her, and on the thousands of single fools who do not marry her. Southern School Journal.

COMMENCEMENTS.

Alliance, June 14, Supt. J. E. Morris, Prin. J. G. Guthrie, 33; Shelby, June 1, Supt. S. H. Maharry, Prin. C. H. Winans, II; Harrison, June 14, Supt. Thos. P. Pierce, Prin. Mary A. Curran, 6, address by Prof. A. B. Graham; Defiance, June 7, Supt. F. E. Reynolds, 26; Galion, June 7 and 8, Supt. I. C. Guinther, 41; Bellevue, June 4, Supt. E. F. Warner, Prin. H. C. Bates, 16; Strasburg, JuneI, Supt. H. A. Lind, 9; Marietta, June 8, Supt. J. V. McMillan, 41; Coshocton, June 8, Supt. H. S. Piatt, 25; Clyde, June 4, Supt. A. H. Wicks, Prin. E. E. Newhouse, 13; Marion, June 1, Supt. H. L. Frank, Prin. F. D. Tubbs, 50; Urbana, June 7, Supt. I. N. Keyser, Prin. H. N. Morton, 21; Norwalk, June 8, Supt. A. D. Beechy, Prin. J. E. Cole, 32; Ironton, May 31, Supt. S. P. Humphrey, Prin. T. H. Winter, 23

UNIFORM QUESTIONS FOR JUNE.

PHYSIOLOGY.

1. What provision is made in the bones for securing elasticity; strength; lightness? 2. State two purposes of the circulation of the blood. 3. Explain the differences between voluntary and involuntary muscles and give examples of each. 4. Name the special senses. 5. Name several common articles of food that are chiefly albuminous. Where is albuminous food largely digested? 6. Name two kinds of glands found in the skin and state the use of each. 7. Define nerve; nerve fibre; nerve ganglion. 8. What and where is each of the following: lynmph, peritoreum, tympanum, epiglottis, iris? 9. Define stimulant; narcotic. What are their effects on the nervous system? 10. What do you consider the most desirable time for concert exercises in the school room? Why?

U. S. HISTORY INCLUDING CIVIL

GOVERNMENT.

re

1. What part did each of the following take in the early history of our country? Peter Stuyvesant, John Winthrop, William Penn, John Eliot? 3. Locate three battlefields of the Revolution and tell what important engagement was fought on each. 3. Who were the successful candidates for the offices of president and vice president in the election of 1796? When, how and why was the method of electing the vice president afterward changed? 4. In what spects was the treaty which closed the war of 1812 favorable to the United States? 5. Tell something of the life of Henry Clay and the political principles for which he stood. 6. Mention five generals of the Civil War, and a battle in which each participated. 7. Give the substance of one amendment to the constitution which relates to the negro. 8. Mention important events of the second administration of President Cleveland.

LITERATURE.

1. In whose writings do you consider American literature to have had its beginnings? 2. Discuss Edmund Burke as a writer; a statesman; and an orator. What one of his speeches is frequently studied in American schools? 3. When may a work be said to have

become a classic? Mention two American poems that have become classics; two English essays that have become classics. 4. Mention four of Shakespeare's tragedies and three of his comedies. Briefly analyze one of the following characters: Lady Macbeth, Hamlet, Shylock, Ophelia. 5. Who is your favorite American poet? Why? Compare his poems with those of some English poet of the same period. 6. Of what time and section of our country was Washington Irving the interpreter? Francis Parkman? 7. For work in what field of literature is each of the following noted: James Fenimore Cooper; Mark Twain; Louisa Alcott; George Eliot; Charles Lamb? 8. Mention five books which you consider suitable supplementary reading for pupils in the fifth and sixth grades.

GEOGRAPHY.

1. How is latitude measured? Bound the United States by parallels. 2. Compare India with Mexico in regard to climate, products and highlands. 3. What becomes of the cotton crop of Alabama? The wool of Texas? Ine Wheat raised in Nebraska? The tea grown in Cey long? 4. What is a desert? An oasis? Locate the following: Mohave Desert, Lybian Desert, Desert of Gobi. 5. Compare the manufactures of Massachusetts with those of Belgium. 6. Define tides and give their cause. 7. Describe the drainage of the United States west of 8. the Rocky Mountains. Tell what you can of the form of government of Greece, Switzerland and Chile. 9. Describe three of the largest rivers of Asia. 10. Trace an all-water route from Bremen to Trieste.

GRAMMAR.

Although there are man" directions, both general and special, which may be of use to the young student, when he is beginning, much reading of the best books and a great deal of practice in composition are the only means to attain a good and vigorous style. Ben Johnson says: "For a man to write well, there are required three necessaries: let him read the best authors; observe the best speakers; and have much exercise of his own style."

The first seven questions refer to the selection given above. 1. Classify all of

the clauses in the above selection as principal, objective, adjective or adverbial. 2. Classify the following connectives and give their syntax: although (1); both.... and (2); which (2); when (3); and (11). 3. Give the mode and tense of each of the following verbs: may be (2); is beginning (3-4); to write (8); let (10); have (11). 4. Give the syntax of two infinitives. 5. Select three adjectives and compare them, using a different method of comparison for each. 6. Tell what rule of punctuation governs each of the following: the comma in (2) and the first comma in (3); the colon in (10); the semicolons in (1011). 7. Parse the following words: there (1); reading (4); well (9); are required (9); him (10). 8. Write a sentence illustrating an independent construction; an appositive construction. 9. Distinguish between an interrogative pronoun and an interrogative adjective. .10. How do you indicate a quotation? A quotation within a quotation?

1.

ARITHMETIC.

Define greatest common divisor; least common multiple. State some practical applications of the least common multiple. 2. If railroad stock yields 6%. and is 20% below par, how much money must be invested to bring an income of $390? 3. A vessel that holds 700 gal. of water will contain how many bushels of grain? 4. If $500 will gain $16.50 in 4 mo. 12 da., at 9%, how much will $750 gain in 2 yr. 9 mo. 8 ds., at 6%? 5. A contractor hires 6 men to do a piece of work in 4 1-3 days; after the men have worked 2 days, the contractor finds that the work must be completed within 3 2-5 days. How many extra men must he hire? 6. Define cancellation, promissory note, proportion. 7. Find the cost of 16 planks 142 ft. long, 10 in. wide, and 3 in. thick, at $1634 per M. 8. Extract the square

root

of 10795.21.

9. The distance around a circular park is 11⁄2 mi. How many acres does it contain? 10. Find the proceeds of a six months note for $350 given March 1st and discounted at 6% at a bank today (June 2d).

THEORY AND PRACTICE. NOTE - Applicants will take the first group of four, and either the second or third group of four.

1. What is the purpose of the examination? Name two classes of questions which are excellent as tests. 2. How would you endeavor to prevent tardiness; deal with truancy? 3. Name some service for education performed by three of the following: Pestalozzi, Froebel, Mary Lyon, Herbert Spencer. 4. Name three educational journals with which you are familiar, state which one you prefer and why.

THE METHOD OF THE RECITATION
MCMURRY.

1. Are most text books gotten up on the inductive or on the deductive plan? Give reasons to show why text books are necessary, whatever method of instruction is employed. 2. Does the method of instruction advocated by McMurry require a greater or a less efficiency on the part of the teacher, than the method of deduction? Why? 3. Show that the inductive method is in accord with a scientific point of view. 4. Mention five of the laws of teaching.

OUR SCHOOLS: THEIR ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION - CHANCELLOR.

1. Mention at least six suggestive topics for child study. 2. Suggest three reasons why teachers as a class are underpaid. 3. Outline a proper course of procedure in applying for a school position, power of appointment to which lies in the hands of the board of education. 4. Write briefly upon the relation which should exist between the principal and the superintendent; tween the principal and his teachers.

ORTHOGRAPHY.

4.

be

1. Define orthography; orthoepy. 2. Divide the following words into syllables: oven, funeral, envelope, convivial, Paraguay, elevate. 3. Indicate the correct pronunciation of the following: literature, misconstrue, madam, Los Angeles, glisten, facile. Give a homonym of each of the following: colonel, kill, mew, key, steps, die. 5. Write the following: rummage, impostor, referred, addressing, cargoes; decisive, toothache, pronunciaion, welfare, Uruguay; competent, maritime, isotherm, tonnage, vacuum: manoeuvre, forenoon, appall, reflection, allowed; aqueous, Jonathan, compel, elementary, assiduous; possession, solstice, comedies, rarefy, recommend.