the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." Sec. 2. The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States; when called into the actual service of the United States, he may require the Military, Civil and opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the Treaty-making executive departments, upon any subject relating to the Powers. duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Snate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur, and he shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law or in the heads of departments. The President shall have power to fill all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordiMessages and Extra nary occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and Sessions. in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and the public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all of the officers of the United States. President, Vice-President and all civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE III. Sec. 4. The Removal by Impeachment. Supreme Courts and Judicial Powers. Section 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall at stated times receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting Limits of Judicial ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, to all cases Power. of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury, and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crime shall have been committed, but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work coror forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted. Treason and Its ruption of blood ARTICLE IV. Rights of States and Citizens. Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Sec. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from Justice, and Equal Rights of be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive Citizens. authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Creation of New Sec. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or part of States, without the consent of the legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of Guaranty of Repub- them against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, lican Government. or of the executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence. Action by Congress- ARTICLE V. Amendments to Constitution. a The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary. shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call convention for proposing amendments, which in either case shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of threefourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. Supreme Authority of Constitution. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitu Debts and Treaties- Religious Test. tion as under the confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII. Ratification of Constitution. The ratification of the convention of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Nine States Suf ficient to Establish. same. Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEO. WASHINGTON, President and Deputy from Virginia. New-Hampshire-JOHN LANGDON, NICHOLAS GILMAN. Massachusetts-NATHANIEL GORHAM, RUFUS KING. Connecticut-WM. SAML. JOHNSON, ROGER SHERMAN. New-York-ALEXANDER HAMILTON, New-Jersey-WILL, LIVINGSTON, DAVID BREARLY, WM. PATERSON, JONA. DAYTON. Pennsylvania-B. FRANKLIN, THOMAS MIFFLIN, ROBERT MORRIS, GEO. CLYMER, THOMAS FITZSIMONS, JARED INGERSOLL, JAMES WILSON, GOUV. MORRIS. Delaware-GEO. READ, GUNNING BEDFORD, Jun'r, JOHN DICKINSON, RICHARD BASSETT, JACO. BROOM. Maryland-JAMES M'HENRY, DAN. OF ST. THOMAS JENIFER, DANL. CARROLL. Virginia-JOHN BLAIR, JAMES MADISON, Jun'r. North Carolina-WM. BLOUNT, RICHARD DOBBS SPAIGHT, HU. WILLIAMSON. South Carolina-J. RUTLEDGE, CH'S COATESWORTH PINCKNEY, CHARLES PINCKNEY, PIERCE BUTLER. Georgia-WILLIAM FEW, ABR. BALDWIN. Attest: WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. AMENDMENTS. (The first ten amendments were proposed at the first session of the Ist Congress of the United States, which was begun and held at the city of New-York on March 4, 1789, and were adopted by the requisite number of States-1 vol. Laws of U. S., p. 72. They together constitute a Bill of Rights.) The following is the preamble and resolution; Congress of the United States begun and held at the city of New York, on Wednesday, the 4th day of March, 1789. The conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added; and as extending the ground of public confidence in the government will best insure the beneficent ends of its Constitution. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both houses concurring, That the following articles be proposed to the legislatures of the several States as amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of said legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes as part of said Constitution, namely: ARTICLE I.-Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. ARTICLE II-A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE III-No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE IV.-The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. ARTICLE V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger, nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation. ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. ARTICLE VII.-In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed $20, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ARTICLE VIII.-Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. ARTICLE IX.-The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ARTICLE X.-The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ARTICLE XI.-(Proposed by Congress held at Philadelphia, December 2, 1793; ratification declared by President, January 8, 1798., The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. Election of Presi- Vice ARTICLE XII-(Proposed at first session of VIIIth Congress, in Washington, October 17, 1805; ratification announced by Secretary of State, September 25, 1804.) The electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves: they shall name in their ballots the persons voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the persons voted for as President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth as President, as day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act Amendments Following Civil War. in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the VicePresident, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. ARTICLE XIII.-(Proposed by Congress February 1, 1865; ratification announced by Secretary of State, December 16, 1865.) Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subSec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XIV.-(Proposed by Congress June 16, 1866; ratification announced by Secretary of State, July 25, 1868.) Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States, and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. ject to their jurisdiction. Sec. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President or Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; but Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. (Note.-On June 7, 1898, President McKinley approved of an act of Congress which declared that "the disabilities imposed by Section 3, XIVth Amendment of the Constitution, heretofore incurred, are hereby removed.") Sec. 4.-The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing the insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XV.-(Proposed by Congress February 27, 1869; ratification announced by Secretary of State, March 30, 1870.) Section 1. The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude. Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. THE PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION LAW. The Presidential succession is fixed by Chapter 1 of the acts of the XLIXth Congress, first session. In case of the removal, death, resignation or inability of both the President and Vice-President, then the Secretary of State shall act as President until the disability of the President or Vice-President is removed or a President is elected. If there be no Secretary of State, then the Secretary of the Treasury will act, and the remainder of the order of succession is as follows: The Secretary of War, Attorney-General, Postmaster-General, Secretary of the Navy and Secretary of the Interior. The Acting President must, upon taking office, convene Congress, if not at the time in session, in extraordinary session, giving twenty days' notice. This act applies only to such Cabinet officers as shall have been appointed by the advice and consent of the Senate, and are eligible under the Constitution to the Presidency. The act of Congress raising the Department of Agriculture to the rank of an executive department and giving its head a seat in the President's Cabinet and the act creating the Department of Commerce and Labor were both passed subsequently to the Presidential succession act. By intention or inadvertence Congress did not extend the provisions of the succession act to these two additional Cabinet officers. There is no warrant for considering the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor as in the line of succession. But no judicial interpretation has yet been made of the provisions of the Succession Law and of the acts creating the eighth and ninth executive departments. PRESIDENT VICE-PRESIDENT THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, of New-York .......CHARLES W. FAIRBANKS, of Indiana ......WILLIAM LOEB, Jr., of New-York CABINET. SECRETARY TO THE PRESIDENT.. THE SECRETARY OF STATE. SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY SECRETARY OF WAR... ATTORNEY GENERAL. POSTMASTER GENERAL. |SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. ..ELIHU ROOT, of New York GEORGE B. CORTELYOU, of New York WILLIAM H. TAFT, of Ohio CHARLES J. BONAPARTE, of Maryland 2GEORGE VON L. MEYER, of Massachusetts VICTOR H. METCALF, of California JAMES R. GARFIELD, of Ohio ..JAMES WILSON, of Iowa SECRETARY OF COMMERCE AND LABOR......OSCAR S. STRAUS, of New York [The salary of the President is $50,000 a year; the salary of the Vice-President and of each of the members of the Cabinet is $12,000 a year; the Secretary to the President receives $6,000 a year.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE. SECRETARY OF STATE. Solicitor-James Brown Scott (1906), Assistant Solicitors-Joshua R. Clark, Jr. (1906), Utah; William C. Dennis (1906), Ind., $3,000. Chief Clerk-Wilbur J. Carr (1907), N. Y., $3,000. Chief of Diplomatic Bureau-Sidney Y. Smith (1897), D. C., $2,250. Chief of Consular Bureau-Herbert C. Hengstler (1907), Ohio, $2,250. Chief of Bureau of Indexes and Archives -John R. Buck (1906), Mo., $2,100. Chief of Bureau of Accounts-Thomas Morrison (1900), N. Y., $2,300. Chief of Bureau of Rolls and LibraryWilliam McNier (1905), Mich., $2,100. Chief of Bureau of Trade RelationsJohn B. Osborne (1905), Penn., $2,100. .ELIHU ROOT (1905), N. Y., $12,000 .ROBERT BACON (1905), N. Y., $4,500 ALVEY A. ADEE (1886), D. C., $4,500 .HUNTINGTON WILSON (1906), Ill., $4,500 Chief of Bureau of AppointmentsCharles Ray Dean (1905), D. C., $2,100. Chief of Bureau of Citizenship-Gaillard Hunt (1903), Va., $2,100. U. S. Representatives on International Court of Appeals at Alexandria-Geo. S. Court of First Instance at Cairo-Wm. G. Van Horne, Utah (1902). Court of First Instance at MansourahSomerville P. Tuck, N. Y. (1894). Bureau of American Republics. Director-John Barrett (1906), Ore., $5,000. Chief Clerk-W. C. Wells (1905), D. C., $2,000. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY..GEORGE B. CORTLEYOU (1907), N. Y., $12,000 ASSISTANT SECRETARY. ASSISTANT SECRETARY .JOHN H. EDWARDS (1906), Ohio, $4,500 Chief Clerk-Walter W. Ludlow (1905), Minn., $3,000. Chief of Division of AppointmentsCharles Lyman (1898), Conn., $2,750. Controller-Robert J. Tracewell (1897), Ind., $5,500. Assistant Controller -Leander Mitchell (1897), Ind., $4,500. P. Auditor for State Department-Caleb Auditor for Postoffice Department- Auditor for Interior Department-R. A. Person (1901), S. Dak.. $4,000. Treasurer of United States-Charles H. Treat (1905), N. Y., $6,000. John G. Capers (1907), S. C., $6,000. Director of the Mint-Frank A. Leach (1907), Cal., $4,500. Chief of Secret Service Division-John 1Took office March 4, 1907, succeeding Leslie M. Shaw, of Iowa. Took office March 4, 1907, succeeding George B. Cortelyou, of New York. 3Took office March 5, 1907, succeeding Ethan Allen Hitchcock, of Missouri. |