Introduction to English PhoneticsEdinburgh University Press, 6 Feb 2017 - 240 halaman The second edition of this distinguished textbook introduces undergraduates to the concepts, terminology and representations needed for an understanding of how English is pronounced around the world. Assuming no prior knowledge, this textbook guides the reader through the vocal tract and explains how the sounds of speech are made, offering an accessible and expanded introduction to areas including transcription, vowels and acoustic analysis. As far as possible, it uses naturally-occurring conversational speech so that readers are familiar with the details of everyday talk (and not just the careful pronunciations presented in dictionaries.) The book also includes a new concluding chapter that works through a piece of spoken data to show the reader how a more complete phonetic analysis can be conducted. Examples are taken from around the English-speaking world, including North America, Australia, New Zealand and varieties of British English. The book takes an open-minded approach to what sounds of English might be significant for making meaning, and highlights the significance of word meaning, morphology, sociolinguistics and conversational interaction in phonetic analysis. |
Isi
1 | |
7 | |
3 Representing the sounds of speech | 20 |
4 The larynx voicing and voice quality | 42 |
5 Vowels | 58 |
6 Approximants | 80 |
7 Plosives | 98 |
8 Fricatives | 120 |
9 Nasals | 140 |
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Istilah dan frasa umum
acoustic representations affricate airstream airstream mechanism alveolar plosive alveolar ridge amplitude Anglo-English bilabial breathe cardinal vowels Chapter close clusters complete closure constriction creaky voice dental diacritic diphthongs duration ejectives example Figure formants fricatives friction noise front fully voiced gesture glottal stop glottalisation glottis impressionistic intonation kind labiodental language larynx linguistic lip-rounding look lower marked means mouth nasal airflow nasal consonant nasal release non-rhotic occur open approximation palatal pause period phonetic details phoneticians phonological phrase pitch place of articulation postalveolar pressure produced pronounced release represent rhotic secondary articulation sequence short sounds speakers spectrogram speech syllabic nasals syllable-final symbol talk teeth tion tongue body tongue shape tongue tip transcribed transient utterance varieties of English velar closure velarisation velum vocal fold vibration vocal folds vocal tract voice quality voice voice voiceless waveform words