They then adjourned, because the weather was not sufficiently open to take the field, to the first of the following month, June, and agreed to meet again at that time at Houlton.

Accordingly, they did meet at that place and began their operations. It may be desirable to state, at the outset, that, for the sake of convenience, the whole line of boundary marked by the undersigned has been divided, in the mention made of the different portions, into the following grand divisions, viz:

North line, from the source of the St. Croix to the intersection of the St. John.

River St. John, from the intersection of the north line to the mouth of the St. Francis.

River St. Francis, from its mouth to the outlet of Lake Pohenagamook. Southwest line, from the outlet of Lake Pohenagamook to the northwest branch of the St. John.

South line, from the northwest branch to the parallel of latitude 46° 25' on the southwest branch.

Southwest branch, from the parallel 46° 25′ to its source.

Highlands, from the source of the southwest branch of the St. John to the source of Hall' stream.

Hall's stream, from its source to the intersection of the line of Valentine and Collins.

West line, from Hall's stream to the St. Lawrence, near St. Regis, along the line of Valentine and Collins.

To return to the narrative of operations:

The exploring line of Colonel Bouchette and Mr. Johnson, as directed by the treaty, was traced from the monument at the source of the St. Croix to the intersection of the St. John.

The monument found at the source of the St. Croix, as described in the report of Colonel Bouchette and Mr. Johnson, and the course of their exploring line, was traced by blazes or marks upon the trees.

An old line, cut out by the assistant surveyors of Colonel Bouchette and Mr. Johnson, was also found, which terminated about half a mile north of the south branch of the Meduxnekeag, where, by records to which the undersigned referred, they ascertained that it had been abandoned, because of its deviation from the exploring line of Colonel Bouchette and Mr. Johnson.

After the exploration and re-marking of the north line, it was cut out thirty feet wide. The same was afterwards done in all parts where the boundary passed through woodland. After thus opening the north line, it was surveyed; and iron posts were erected at intervals to mark it. The general bearing of the line was rather to the west of the meridian of the monument at the source of the St. Croix. The precise line

laid down by the undersigned was determined by successive courses, of which each was made to be as long as was conyenient, provided it did not pass out of the opening of thirty feet.

At each angle of deflection an iron monument was erected, and placed anglewise with the line. Other monuments were erected at the crossing of roads, rivers, and at every mile, commencing from the source of the St. Croix. Those which were not intended to mark angles of deflection were placed square with the line.

At the intersection of the St. John by the north line, the river is deep and broad. The boundary runs up the middle channel of the river, as indicated by the maps, dividing the islands as follows:

The islands were distributed to Great Britain or to the United States, as they were found to be on the right or left of the deep channel. There was but one doubtful case, La Septieme isle, and that was apportioned to the United States, because the majority of the owners were ascertained to reside on the United States side of the river.

Monuments were erected upon the islands, marking them for Great Britain or the United States, as the case may have been.

After leaving the St. John, the boundary enters the St. Francis, dividing the islands at the mouth of that river in the manner shown in the maps. It then runs up the St. Francis, through the middle of the lakes upon it, to the outlet of Lake Pohenagamook, the third large lake from the mouth of the river. At the outlet, a large monument has been erected.

In order to determine the point on the northwest branch to which the treaty directed that a straight line should be run from the outlet of Lake Pohenagamook, a survey of that stream was made, and also of the main St. John, in the neighborhood of the mouth of the northwest branch; and a line was cut between the St. John and the point on the northwest branch, ascertained by the survey to be ten miles in the nearest direction from it, and the distance was afterwards verified by chaining.

It was ascertained, also, in accordance with the provisions of the treaty, by a triangulation of the country towards the Highlands dividing the waters of the St. Lawrence and of the St. John, that more than seven miles intervened between the point selected on the northwest branch and the crest of the dividing ridge. A large iron monument was afterwards erected on the point thus selected, and the space around was cleared and sown with grass-seed. It is a short distance below the outlet of Lake Ishaganalshegeck.

The outlet of Lake Pohenagamook and the point on the northwest branch, designated by the treaty, having been thus ascertained and marked, in the spring of 1844, a straight line was run between them. Along that line, which passes entirely through forest, monuments were erected at every mile, at the crossings of the principal streams and rivers, and at the tops of those hills where a transit instrument had been set up to test the straightness of the line.

As soon as the parallel of latitude 46° 25' had been determined on the southwest branch, in the early part of the summer of 1844, a straight line was drawn from the boundary point on the northwest branch to a large monument erected on the left bank of the southwest branch, where it is intersected by the parallel of latitude 46° 25'. The line so drawn crosses the southwest branch once before it reaches the parallel of latitude 46° 25', and at about half a mile distance from that parallel. There, also, a large monument had been set up on the left bank.

From the intersection of the parallel 46° 25', the boundary ascends the southwest branch, passes through a lake near its head, and so up a small stream which falls into the lake from the west, to the source of

that stream, which has been selected as the source of the southwest branch.

On the southwest branch there are two principal forks, at each of which two monuments have been erected; one on each bank of the river, immediately above the forks, and upon the branch established as the boundary. The maps point out their positions. At the mouth of the small stream selected as the source of the southwest branch, a monument has been erected upon a delta formed by two small outlets. Above these outlets three other monuments have been placed, at intervals, upon the same

stream.

Upon the crest of the dividing ridge, very close to the source of the southwest branch, a monument has been erected. It is the first point in the Highlands, and from it the boundary runs along the crest, in a southerly direction, passing near the southeastern shore of the Portage lake, and so on to a large monument erected on a small eminence on the east side of the Kenebec road. Thence it passes through a dwelling-house called Tachereau's, which was standing there at the time the line was run; so, by a tortuous course, it runs to the top of the Sandy Stream mountain; thence, inclining to the southwest, it runs over Hog's Back the first, as shown in the map; thence towards Hog's Back the second, which it leaves on the north side. Further on, at the head of Leech lake, there is a stream which divides its waters and flows both into Canada and into the United States. The boundary has been made to run up that stream a short distance from the fork, where the waters divide to a second fork; thence between the streams which unite to form that fork, and then to ascend again the dividing ridge. A monument has been erected at the fork first mentioned, where the waters divide.

As the boundary approaches the valley of Spider river, it bends to the southeast, and, by a wide circuit over high and steep hills, it turns the head of Spider river; thence it bends to the northwest, until it approaches within about four miles of Lake Megantic; thence it turns again south, having the valley of Arnold's river on the right, and of Dead river on the left. It leaves Gasford Mountain in Canada, threads its way over very high ground between the head of Arnold's river and the tributaries of the Magalloway; inclines thence to the north, to the west, over very rocky, mountainous, and difficult country, leaving Gipp's Peak in the United States, and turns, by a sharp angle at Saddle Back, to the south. After that it again inclines to the west, and then to the south, and again to the west, and passes the head of the Connecticut. About three miles and a half east of the head of the Connecticut, there is a division of waters similar to that described near Leech lake. The boundary runs down a stream from near its source to the fork

where it divides, and then again follows the dividing ridge. The spot is noted on the map.

After the boundary has passed the head of the Connecticut, it runs to the northwest, descending into very low, swampy ground, between the heads of Indian stream and the tributaries of the St. Francis. Thus it passes on, bending again to the south of west, over a high hill, to the source of Hall's stream.

Iron monuments have been erected at intervals along the Highlands, from the source of the southwest branch of the St. John to the source of Hall's stream; the position of each of which is shown upon the

maps.

From the source of Hall's stream the boundary descends that river, dividing the islands, which are, however, merely unimportant alluvial deposits, in the manner indicated by the maps, until it reaches the intersection of that stream by the line formerly run by Valentine and Collins as the 45° of north latitude.

At that point a large monument has been erected on the right, and a small one on the left bank of the stream. Monuments have also been erected along the bank of this stream, as indicated on the maps.

The line of Valentine and Collins was explored and found by the blazes still remaining in the original forest.

Upon cutting into those blazes, it was seen, that, deep seated in the tree, there was a scar; the surface of the original blaze slightly decayed; and, upon counting the rings, (which indicate each year's growth of the tree,) it was found that the blazes dated back to 1772-23 and '4. The line of Valentine and Collins was run in 1771,-22,-23, and 4. The coincidence of the dates of the blazes with those of the above line, confirmed by the testimony of the people of the country, satisfied the undersigned that the line they had found was that mentioned in the treaty. Along this portion of the boundary, which is known as the 45th of Valentine and Collins, and which extends from Hall's stream to St. Regis, there are several interruptions to the blazes, in those parts where clearings have been made; and there the authentic marks of the precise situation of the old line have been lost. In those cases, the undersigned have drawn the boundary line straight from the original blazes on the one side of a clearing to the original blazes on the other side of the same clearing.

It cannot be positively stated that the line, as it has been traced through those clearings, precisely coincides with the old line; but the undersigned believe that it does not differ materially from it; nor have they had the means of determining a nearer or a surer approximation.

Along this line, at every point of deflection, an iron monument has been erected; also, at the crossing of rivers, lakes and roads. Those