NEW AMSTERDAM BECOMES NEW YORK. 95 quently grew more rapidly, and crowded upon the PT. I. Dutch. The Indians made war upon some of their P'D. I. villages, especially Esopus, now Kingston; and New CH. IL Netherlands could not obtain aid from Holland. The New States General had given the whole concern into the Nether hands of "the Nineteen," and they refused to make troubled needful advances. lands N. Am surrend 12. Charles II. had granted to his brother James, then Duke of York and Albany, the territory from the banks of the Connecticut to those of the Delaware. Sir Robert Nichols, was dispatched with a fleet to take possession. He sailed to New Amsterdam, and sud- sterdam denly demanded of the astonished Stuyvesant, to give ered to the place. He would have defended his post if he the Eng could. But the body of the people, preferred the Eng- Sept. 3, lish rule to that of the Dutch; the privileges of English- 1664 men having been promised them. Nichols, therefore, entered, took possession in the name of his master, and called the place New York. up 13. A part of the English fleet, under Sir George Carteret, sailed up the Hudson to Fort Orange, which surrendered and was named Albany. The Dutch fort on the Delaware was also taken by the English. The rights of property were respected, and a treaty was made with the Five Nations. The whole line of coast, from Acadia to Florida, was now in possession of the English. lish, The Dutch forts a surrend ered. CHAPTER III. Pennsylvania and its Founder. 1. WILLIAM PENN, the great and good man, to whom Pennsylvania owes its origin, was the son of 11. What troubles were made by the Indians? - - 12. What territory was granted? To whom? Whom did he send to take the country? What were the circumstances of the surrender ? 13. What other places were taken by the English? CHAPTER III.-1. What kind of person was William Penn Of which of the states is he the founder ? 90 irth,&c. PENN'S ARRIVAL. P'T. II. Vice Admiral, Sir William Penn; and was born in PD. I. London, in 1644. To provide a place for his per CH. III. secuted brethren, of the denomination of Friends, 1644. or Quakers, was the leading object in his mind, when William he planned a new emigration to America. Penn's 2. His father had left claims to the amount of sixteen thousand pounds against the crown; and Penn, finding that there was a tract yet ungranted, north of Lord Baltimore's patent, solicited and obtained of 1681. March 4, Charles II., a charter of the country. It was bounded Patent east by the Delaware, extending westward through sylvania. five degrees of longitude, and stretching from twelve. 3 of Penn Obtains Delaware. miles north of New Castle, to the 43d degree of lati- 3. Soon after the date of this grant, two other conveyances were made to Penn, by the Duke of York; one of which embraced the present state of Delaware, and was called the "Territories." The other was a release from the Duke, of any claims to Pennsylvania. 4. He prepared a liberal constitution of civil govSept. 9, ernment, for those who should become his colonists. 1682. Having sent out three ships, loaded with emigrants, Pennsails and consigned to the care of his nephew, Colonel England. Markham, he left Chester on board the Welcome, and with one hundred settlers, sailed for his province, his benevolent heart full of hope and courage. from Arrives 5. He landed at New Castle, and was joyfully received by the Swedes and Dutch, now amounting to at New two or three thousand. The next day, at their courtOct. 28. house, he received from the agent of the Duke of York, the surrender of the "Territories." He then, Castle, 1. Give an account of his birth and parentage? What was his motive in planning a new colony? 2. Of whom did Penn obtain a grant? What claim had he against the crown? What was the extent of Penn's first patent? 3. What other conveyances were made to him? 4. How did Penn propose to treat his settlers in respect to government? Whom did he send from England before he sailed? From what place did he sai? L what vessel? With how many?-5. What were the cLUV« stances of his first arrival? E ENERGY AND BENEVOLENCE. 97 with blended dignity and affection, assured the delight- гT.л CH. UL. 6. In honor of his friend, the Duke, he next visited Names New York; but immediately returning, he went to Chester. 168% Upland, which he named Chester. Here a part of the pioneers, with Markham, had begun a settlement; and Dec. 4. here Penn called the first assembly. It consisted of an The firs equal number from the province and the "Territories." assembl By its first act, all the inhabitants, of whatever extrac- Chester tion, were naturalized. at 7. Penn was the first legislator, whose criminal code 8. Penn next paid a visit of friendship and business Penn visits Lord Balti more. Penn meets th 9. Penn had given to Colonel Markham, who pre- IC Penn gave them instructions, and solemnly ap- 6. What place did he next visit? Where go on his return? What was done in Chester? 7. What principle in legislation was Penn the first to teach? What can you say of the labours done by the assembly? Of what was this an evidence? — 8. Whom did Penn visit? 9. How did he direct that the natives should be treated? Of what had they been notified? Give an account of the meeting? 3 3 98 BROTHERLY LOVE. PT.II. of his heart to do them good. "He would not call P'D.I. them brothers or children, but they should be to him CH. III. and his, as half of the same body." The chiefs then 1682. gave their pledge for themselves, and for their tribes, to live in love with him and his children, as long as reaty of the sun and moon should endure." The treaty was peace. then executed, the chiefs putting down the emblems of their several tribes. The purchases of Markham were confirmed, and others made. Makes a Penni 11. After this, Penn went to a villa, which his nephew had built for his residence, opposite the site. of Burlington, and called Pennsbury. Here he gave lays out directions for laying out towns and counties; and in conjunction with the surveyor, Holme, drew the plan Philadel of his capital; and in the spirit of "brotherly love," named it Philadelphia. and names phia. 12. Vessels came fast with new settlers, until twentytwo, bearing two thousand persons, had arrived. Some came so late in the fall, that they could not be provided with house-room in the rude dwellings of the new city: and "the caves" were dug in the banks of Throngs the river to receive them. Providence fed them by flocks of pigeons, and the fish of the rivers; and the Indians, regarding them as the children of Onas, hunted to bring them game. The season was unusually mild. of set tlers. 1684. Penn em 13. Penn had left beyond the ocean his beloved family. Letters from England spoke of the sufferings of his quaker brethren, and he believed that he might Aug. 4. exercise an influence there, to check persecution. He embarked on the fourth of August; and wrote on board barks for the ship an affectionate adieu to his province, which England he sent on shore before he sailed. He said, "And thou, Philadelphia, virgin of the province! my soul prays for thee; that, faithful to the God of thy mercies, in the life of righteousness, thou mayest be preserved unto the end!" 10. What did Penn say to the chiefs? How did the chief respond? Was a treaty made?-11. What did Penn after this? 12. What can you say of the new settlers? 13. Why did Penn return? When did he embark? What send on shore i PENN ACTIVE IN NEW JERSEY AFFAIRS, 99 CHAPTER IV. New Jersey-its settlement, and various claimants. 1. PREVIOUS to the surrender of the Dutch, the P'T. IL Duke of York made a grant, of that part of his patent P'n. I. lying between the Hudson and Delaware, to Lord CH. IV. Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. This tract was 1664. called NEW JERSEY, in compliment to Sir George, who had been governor of the isle of Jersey. Eliza 2. In 1664, before the grant to Berkeley and Carteret was known, three persons from Long Island purchased of the natives a tract of the country, which was called Elizabethtown, where a settlement was bethtown commenced. Other towns were soon settled by emi- previous ly settled. grants from the colonies, and from Europe. Thus, opposite claims were created, which caused much discord between the proprietors and inhabitants. In 1665, Berkeley and Carteret formed a constitution for the colony, and appointed Philip Carteret governor. He made Elizabethtown the seat of government. right. 3. Berkeley and Carteret, at first, held the province 1669. as joint property, but the former, becoming weary Lord with the care of an estate, which yielded him neither Berkeley honor nor profit, sold his share to Edward Billinge. sells his That gentleman, on being involved in debt, found it necessary to assign his property for the benefit of his creditors; and William Penn was one of his assignees. 4. New Jersey was now jointly held by Sir George Carteret, and Penn, as agent for the assignees of Billinge. But Penn, perceiving the inconvenience of holding joint property, it was mutually agreed to separate be dithe country into East and West Jersey; Carteret receiving the sole proprietorship of East Jersey, and Penn and his associates, that of West Jersey. 1. What grant was made? By whom? To whom? What was the country called?-2. Who had made a previous settlement? From whence were other towns soon settled? Did they all agree? What was done in 1665?-3. Which of the two proprietors sold his share? To whom? How came William Penn to have a hand in Jersey affairs?-4. How was New Jersey now held? How and why was it divided? Penn causes New Jersey to vided. |