(\) praces for those who duda! for on court! PEACE AND PROGRESS. 385 CH. XIV and men, of undoubted courage and ability in war. P'T IV. The Mexican contest has placed our Republic, for the PD III. present time, eminently in that position. No country 1848 has at any period shown braver soldiers, or better officers. Our government, from respect to the moral feeling of the nation, which wishes no territory gained by force, pays to conquered Mexico the full price of the lands acquired from her; yet is it none the less true, that these territories were won by the valor of our armies, and without conquest would not have been ours. They extend from ocean to ocean the full breadth of the grand platform on which stands the American nation; and the 300,000 immigrants, which Number come yearly to her shores, will soon people her waste places. of emi grants. to pro 15. Could this great errand of "PEACE ON EARTH" Peace be accomplished, and that by the instrumentality of essentia this nation, then, with peculiar emphasis, might PRO- gress. GRESS be made the watchword of the NINETEENTH CENTURY, and of the REPUBLIC OF AMERICA. 14. What considerations show that the Mexican war has placed the American nation in a suitable position to act for peace?-15. What is the concluding remark? EXERCISES ON THE CHRONOGRAPHER. What event or epoch marks the beginning of this period? What is its date? Point it out on the chronographer. The Missouri question was discussed in congress in 1820, and Missouri was admitted into the Union in 1821. Locate these dates. The tariff question was again agitated, and a bill for a new tariff passed in 1824. Lafayette arrived in the United States in 1824. Point out the place of this year. John Quincy Adams was made president in 1825. Point out the place of this date. The tariff was amended in 1828. General Jackson was inaugurated in 1829. Point out the places of these dates. Black Hawk's war began in 1832. The nullification ordinance was approved by the governor of South Carolina in 1832. Mr. Clay's compromise bill passed in 1833. Point out the places of these events. The Chickasaws and Choctaws emigrated in 1833; the Cherokees in 1838. Point out the places of these dates. Dade's battle occurred in 1835. Point to the place of that date. Mr. Van Buren was made president in 1837. Point out the place of that date. At what epoch does this period terminate? Wta is its date? Point to its place on the chronographer. Questions on the Historical and Chronological Map. (SEE NEXT PAGE.) Where is the 1st of the eight Historical Divisions geographically situated? What states are these, and when did they become statcs of an independent Republic? Where is the 2d division situated, and of what states is it com posed? The 3d? The 4th? The 5th? The 6th? The 71L? The ? regon.-American California.-Capt. Wilkes' Exploring Expedition.-Capt. Fremont's Explorations. P'D IV. CH. L. Nov. 2. Dr. and 1. OREGON. In the valley of the Wallah-wallah, the PT IV. worthy Presbyterian missionary, Dr. Whitman, with his wife and twelve others, were barbarously murdered by the Cayuse Indians. The people petitioned 1847. congress for protection and a territorial government. Murder of The northern members desired that slavery should be whitman prohibited; the southern, that it should be recognized. family. The day before the session closed, the territorial bill was passed, with a clause forbidding slavery; this having been consented to, by some southern members, and sanctioned by the president, on the ground that Oregon lies wholly north of latitude 36° 30'; that being the line of the Missouri compromise. CHAPTER I-1. What occurred in Oregon? What petition followed How was the petition met in Congress? What was 1848. Oregon Aug. 13. a terri tory. 388 P'D IV. CH. 1. AMERICAN CALIFORNIA P'T IV. 2. AMERICAN CALIFORNIA was called by the Mex.. cans New or Upper California, in distinction from the peninsula, which was named Old or Lower California. 1579. It was discovered in 1579 by Sir Francis Drake. He cis Drake called the country New Albion, and took possession of New Ca- it for his sovereign, Elizabeth of England. But the lifornia. English lost the right imparted by discovery, as they Sir Fran discovers Vis discovery. sent out no colonies. He 3. The Spanish under Cortez had discovered Old California. About 1603, Philip III. of Spain sent 1603. Sebastian Viscaino, who discovered and took possesCaino's sion of the harbors of San Diego and Monterey. gave a glowing description of the beauty and fertility of the country. Attempts of the Spaniards to colonize it proved ineffectual, on account of the hostility of the natives, whom the emigrants provoked by ill usage. The Spaniards, however, frequented the coast, on account of its valuable pearl fishery. 1769. cans. 4. The first permanent settlement in New CaliFirst set fornia was a Franciscan mission at San Diego. The tlement of Francis Spanish king had given to the priests leave to settle in the country, for the purpose of converting the natives to Christianity. They selected the most fertile lands, and founded twenty-one missions, each occupying about fifteen miles square. The buildings were all contained in an inclosure made of adobe, or sunMissions dried brick. To the principal missions was attached sidios. a presidio, where was a quadrangular fort of adobe. In this was stationed a company of soldiers, to protect the missions from the natives, and to aid in bringing their feeble and disorderly tribes into subjection to the priests. and pre 5. The order of things was not favorable to the increase of population. The missions were made up of the final result of the petition ?-2. What was American California called by the Mexicans, and why? When discovered! and by whom? Did it remain under the English -3. Give an account of the Spanish discoveries. Of the results of their first attempts to colonize.-4. Where was the first permaneni settlement? By whom made? For what object? How many missions were there? Describe them.-5. Which were the 11. 8. EXPLORING EXPEDITION. 389 The monks and nuns; and to these were added e sol- PT IV. diers of the presidios, not allowed by the priests to P'D IV. bring their wives into the country. A few individuals, CH. I. however, disregarding the prohibition of the priests, priests had taken with them their families; and a small supreme. number of towns had thus sprung up; the largest of 1840. which were Ciudad de Los Angeles, San Diego, and tire popu San Francisco, neither of which contained, in 1840, California a thousand inhabitants. (The en lation of is estimated at 22,000; of which whites.) Los An geles con inhabit Grey's of the the Co 6. This country, during the Spanish rule, constituted a part of the viceroyalty of Mexico, or New re Spain. When Mexico became a federal republic, not 1846. finding California sufficiently populous to form a state, she established over it a territorial government, of tains 1500 which Los Angeles and Monterey were the seats. ants. 7. A few years since, the country between the 1792. Rocky Mountains and the Pacific was unknown; ex- discovery cept in some parts of Oregon, which had been laid mouth of open by the discoveries of Capt. Grey, and by the ex- lumbia. plorations of Lewis and Clarke, already mentioned. 18038. The American government, in 1838, sent out a 1805. naval Exploring Expedition, under Captain Charles and Wilkes, who was directed to make surveys of the coasts of Oregon and California, with special reference President to the bay of San Francisco. He pronounced the harbor of San Francisco to be "one of the finest, if not the very best in the world." The town, then called Yerba Buena, "consisted of one large frame building, occupied by the Hudson Bay Company; the store of an American merchant, a billiard-room, and a bar; a cabin of a ship, occupied as a dwelling;-besides outhouses, few and far between.” 9. The most prominent man in the region was Capt. Sutter, a Swiss by birth; but emmigrating from Mis largest of the small towns of Spanish settlers?-6. What changes occurred in California with respect to government?7. What are the first discoveries mentioned, and what the previous state of the country west of the Rocky Mountains ?-8. Give an account of the naval exploring expedition. What said Captain Wilkes of the bay of San Francisco? What is his description of the town?-9. Who was the most prominent man Lewis Clarke sent by 1841. enters the bay of (San Francisco in 1846, containeu 1500 inhabitants; 1848, 15,000: 1850, 47,000; 1851, 25,000. Last ac counts show a diminu tion.) |